考研考博-英語-哈密職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈密職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.問答題

Butthemostimportantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernworldis(A)progresscomesfromplanning.(B)Ignorance(C)aboutone’scareerisnot(D)blissandreasonisbetterthanchanceandfate.

【答案】A；“progress”前添加“that”。

【解析】考查從句。句意：但是在這個(gè)經(jīng)常不快樂的現(xiàn)代世界中，最重要的教訓(xùn)就是：進(jìn)步來自計(jì)劃。對自己的職業(yè)一無所知并不是一種福氣，并且理性勝于機(jī)遇和命運(yùn)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，第一句中句子的主語為“themostimportantlessonofthisoftenunhappymodernworld”，系動(dòng)詞為“is”，其后的從句“progresscomesfromplanning”為表語從句，需用引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)表語從句。所以在從句前添加引導(dǎo)詞“that”。

2.單選題

Hisflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singular

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干flamboyant“炫耀的，浮夸的”。A項(xiàng)“迂回的；不正直的”，B項(xiàng)“幽默的”，C項(xiàng)“單一的；異常的”，D項(xiàng)“炫耀的，浮夸的”，因此只有D符合。句意：他浮夸的性格結(jié)合了機(jī)智和感性。

3.單選題

Generallyspeaking,thegovernmentplaysaveryimportantrole（）solvingproblemssuchasinflation,unemployment,andpoverty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.at

C.for

D.of

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法。playaroleindoingsth在…中扮演角色。故A項(xiàng)正確。句意：一般而言，政府在解決諸如通貨膨脹、失業(yè)和貧窮等問題上扮演重要角色。

4.單選題

Scarcely______themselvesintheirscatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havetheysettled

B.didtheysettle

C.hadtheysettled

D.dotheysettle

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝句和時(shí)態(tài)。Scarcely…when…表示“一……就……”，當(dāng)scarcely放于句首的時(shí)候，句子需要倒裝。因?yàn)楹竺鏋檫^去式，空格處的意思是在升起帷幕之前，人們沒有就座，應(yīng)為過去完成時(shí)，只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意：在劇院，他們一就座帷幕就升起來了。故正確答案為C。

5.翻譯題

Thisreduction(減化)ofBooleanexpressions(布爾表達(dá)式)eliminates(去掉)unnecessarygates(門電路),therebysavingcost,spaceandweight.

【答案】布爾表達(dá)式的化簡是去掉了不必要的邏輯門電路，從而節(jié)省成本、空間和重量。

6.單選題

Heisso____thathebuiltaporchforhishouselastsummerduringhisvacation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.productive

B.snobbish

C.authoritative

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.productive高效的；多產(chǎn)的B.snobbish勢利的

C.authoritative權(quán)威的D.versatile多才多藝的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】根據(jù)后文“去年夏天度假時(shí)還為自己的房子建了一個(gè)門廊”可知，他會(huì)修建門廊，體現(xiàn)出他的多才多藝，D選項(xiàng)versatile“多才多藝的”最符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)productive“高效的；多產(chǎn)的”，側(cè)重于指生產(chǎn)商品或種植農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量高，不符合前后語義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)snobbish“勢利的”，不符合前后語義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)authoritative“權(quán)威的”，不符合前后語義銜接。

【句意】他多才多藝，去年夏天度假時(shí)還為自己的房子建了一個(gè)門廊。

7.翻譯題

Earlymenwerealsogreatlyinterestedinthestarstheysawtwinklingintheskyatnight.Whattheydidnotrealizewasthatthestarswerealsopresentduringthedaytime,buttheirlightwasnotvisiblebecauseofthebrillianceofthesun.Howdidtheydiscoverthis?

Thereisoneeventwhichdoesenableustoseethestarsinthedaytime.Itisthetotaleclipseofthesun(日全食),whenthemoonpassesinfrontofthesunandhidesitfromview.Whenthishappens,theskybecomesdarkenoughforthestarstobeseen.Totaleclipsesofthiskinddonotoccurveryoftenandarenotlikelytobeseenfromthesameareamorethanonceeveryfifty-fouryears.Onecanimaginewhatanawe-inspiringsightitmusthavebeenforanearlyman,whowouldremembertheeventfortherestofhislife.

Somanwatchedthemovementsofthesun,themoonandthestarsandwonderedaboutthem.Itwaspracticingtheoldestbranchofscience—astronomy.

【答案】古人也對夜晚所見天空中閃爍的群星懷有濃厚的興趣。他們還知道白天星星也在那里，只是看不見它們閃光，因?yàn)樘柟馓珡?qiáng)了。人們怎么會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)的呢？

只有一種情況讓我們在白天看見星星，那就是日全食。月亮走到太陽前面，把它遮住。這時(shí)天空變暗，便可看見星星了。這種日全食并不常見，同一個(gè)地區(qū)也許每隔五十四年只會(huì)碰上一次。我們可以想象，對于古人來說，這該是一種多么令人心驚膽顫的景象啊，他們一生永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記。

人類就是這樣觀察太陽，月亮和星體的運(yùn)動(dòng)，并產(chǎn)生疑問的，人們在思考它們是什么，以及它們在干什么的時(shí)候，其實(shí)就是在從事對科學(xué)的最古老的學(xué)科——天文學(xué)的研究。

8.單選題

Judgesmustbefirm,fairand（

）intheirapplicationofthelaw.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.normal

B.virtual

C.consistent

D.incessant

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。normal“正常的”；virtual“虛擬的”；consistent“一致的”；incessant“持續(xù)不斷的”。句意：法官在實(shí)施法律時(shí)，必須做到堅(jiān)定、公正、一致。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.翻譯題

要想在這個(gè)高速發(fā)展的社會(huì)立足，你必須學(xué)會(huì)如何處理壓力問題。首先，你要重新定位你的生活需求，你真的需要那些如時(shí)裝或者新車的奢侈品嗎？如果你學(xué)會(huì)了對現(xiàn)有的生活滿足，你也許就不會(huì)想要再找份工作或者不會(huì)在辦公室度過周末。其次，定期鍛煉身體有益于減壓。不管你多忙，都要找時(shí)間鍛煉，最好是和家人和孩子一起。第三，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)放松。如果你停下去聞聞路邊的玫瑰花香，世界不會(huì)因此而停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

【答案】Youhavetolearnhowtodealwithstressforpossessingafootholdinasocietywithrapiddevelopment.Firstly,youshouldreadjustdemandforlife.Doyoureallyneedluxurygoodssuchasfashionabledressandnewcar?Ifyoulearntobesatisfiedwithcurrentlife,maybeyoudonotwanttogetanotherjoborspendyourweekendsintheoffice.Next,regularexerciseisbeneficialtorelaxingthepressure.Nomatterhowbusyyouare,youshouldtaketimetoexercise,preferablywithyourfamilyandchildren.Thirdly,youshouldlearntorelax.Ifyoustopyoursteptoenjoythesmellofrosesbythesideoftheroad,theworldwon’tstopturning.

10.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties,however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexaminehousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivitytotheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries______.

2.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem_____.

3.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____.

4.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issubjectgroundlessdoubts

B.hasfallenvictimofbias

C.isconventionaldowngraded

D.hasbeenoverestimated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requiressufficientlaborforce

B.takeseffortsofgenerations

C.demandspriorityfromthegovernment

D.challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganized

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

D.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthunting

C.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第一段第二三句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國家經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。我們很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樵谀抢锝⑿碌慕逃到y(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這句可知很多人都會(huì)認(rèn)為不發(fā)達(dá)國家要想獲得快速發(fā)展就的通過發(fā)展教育來達(dá)成，但事實(shí)是僅僅是新的教育體系發(fā)展起來都得需要經(jīng)歷兩到三代人的努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)不到快速這個(gè)目標(biāo)，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案選D“被高估了”。

A選項(xiàng)“受到無端質(zhì)疑”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“變成了偏見的受害者”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“通常被貶低”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段第三句話Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“我們很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樵谀抢锝⑿碌慕逃到y(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這里可知答案選B“需要幾代人的努力”；

A選項(xiàng)“需要足夠的勞動(dòng)力”，第一段沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“要求政府放在首位”，定位到第一段第二句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國家經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的”，這里只是提到人們會(huì)下意識的認(rèn)為要把教育放在第一位，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政治家”，定位到第一段第一句Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike“在貧窮國家，正規(guī)教育和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長之間的關(guān)系被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政治家們廣泛誤解”，這說的是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和政治學(xué)家的一種誤解，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)所以不選，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第一句話YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts“然而，研究顯示，本田、尼桑和豐田的美國工廠的生產(chǎn)率達(dá)到了日本同行的95%左右”，從這里可以知道，雖然美國工人能夠達(dá)到日本工人95%的生產(chǎn)率但是日本工人的生產(chǎn)效率還是高一些的，所以C選項(xiàng)“日本的勞動(dòng)力效率更高”。

A選項(xiàng)“美國的勞動(dòng)力更有組織”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“日本的勞動(dòng)力更有紀(jì)律性”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“美國勞動(dòng)力有更好的教育”，定位到第二段第三句話TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated…“美國的勞動(dòng)力被嘲笑為受教育程度低……”從這里可知，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood（一萬年前，當(dāng)我們的祖先還是獵人和采集者時(shí)，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時(shí)間思考其他事情）”，這個(gè)“其他事情”指向定位句的上一句“Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted（畢竟，教育就是這樣開始的）”，此處說的就是教育的出現(xiàn)需要一個(gè)很重要的條件“時(shí)間”。因此C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們有了足夠時(shí)間時(shí)”符合題意。

A選項(xiàng)“這是政府壓力的結(jié)果”來自于倒數(shù)第二段“evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit（即使政府不強(qiáng)迫）”，但是這并非說明政府壓迫是導(dǎo)致教育出現(xiàn)的原因，本段說的是“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與教育的關(guān)系”，屬于偷換概念。

B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們不再去打獵”同樣來自倒數(shù)第二句“ourancestorswerehunters”，但這里是說，由于需要尋找食物，才沒有時(shí)間去思考其他事情，并未提及不再打獵這個(gè)條件，屬于偷換概念。

D選項(xiàng)“教育先于更好的尋找食物的方法出現(xiàn)”來自倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings（只有當(dāng)人類開始以更有效的方式獲取食物時(shí)，才有時(shí)間做其他事情）”，因此“betterwaysoffindingfoods”應(yīng)先出現(xiàn)，才有教育的可能性，屬于曲解原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第一二句Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.“隨著教育的改善，人類的生產(chǎn)力潛力也在增加。當(dāng)競爭環(huán)境推動(dòng)我們的祖先發(fā)揮這種潛力時(shí)，他們反過來也能負(fù)擔(dān)得起更多的教育”，從這里可知，教育能夠提高生產(chǎn)力潛能，當(dāng)潛能被競爭激發(fā)出來生產(chǎn)率提高時(shí)，反過來又可以提高教育水平，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“隨著提高的生產(chǎn)率而來”；

B選項(xiàng)“直接來自競爭環(huán)境的結(jié)果”，屬于反向干擾，競爭激發(fā)生產(chǎn)潛能然后再有助于教育提高，不是直接參與教育的發(fā)展；

C選項(xiàng)“不依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)”，定位到最后一段第三句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（對于先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)所要求的復(fù)雜的政治制度來說，教育水平的日益提高可能是必要的，但不是充分的條件），教育發(fā)展是依賴于復(fù)雜政治制度的必要不充分條件，所以說教育的發(fā)展不能推動(dòng)政治的發(fā)展，而政治的發(fā)展可以推動(dòng)教育的發(fā)展，從文章可以看出而政治的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，所以可以說教育的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“無法承受政治變革”，定位到第四段第四句Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.（因此，如果沒有政治變革，窮國可能無法擺脫貧困陷阱，而政治變革只有通過更廣泛的正規(guī)教育才能實(shí)現(xiàn)），這里沒有提及政治變革對教育的影響只講看教育對政治變革的影響，所以D選項(xiàng)屬于曲意理解。

11.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thewomanarrivedaheadofschedule.

B.Thewomanfailedtomeethertennisappointment.

C.Themandidnotplaythetennisgamebytherule.

D.Themanhelpedputthewomanonthewaitinglist.

【答案】B

【解析】7.W:Ireservedatenniscourt.It’stakenoverbysomeoneelse.

M:Yes,mom.Iunderstand.Wehaveapolicythateverypartyismorethan15minuteslateforastartingtime.Wescheduledthecourtsforotherwaitingguests.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：從這段交談中可以得出什么？由文中“Wehaveapolicythateverypartyismorethan15minuteslateforastartingtime.（我們有規(guī)定，每場頂多遲到15分鐘）”，推測可知B選項(xiàng)“Thewomanfailedtomeethertennisappointment.（女士錯(cuò)過了網(wǎng)球場預(yù)約時(shí)間）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“女士提早到了”；C選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)男人沒有按規(guī)則打網(wǎng)球”；D選項(xiàng)“這個(gè)男人幫女士把她放在等候名單上”不符合原文。

12.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.兩千余年來，絲綢之路作為中西交通的大動(dòng)脈承載著中國與世界的交往、對話，彰顯著古代中國開放的文化品格、不朽的文明成果。今天，“絲綢之路”一詞早已超越其歷史含義，成為一種精神象征，為當(dāng)今世界的和平與發(fā)展提供了價(jià)值典范。

2.談到美國文學(xué)時(shí)，不能斷言它與歐洲文學(xué)截然不同。廣義上說，美國和歐洲齊頭并進(jìn)。在任何時(shí)間，旅行者都會(huì)在兩地發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣風(fēng)格的建筑、相同式樣的服裝，書店出售相同的書籍。思想如同人和商品一樣會(huì)自由自在地跨越大西洋，盡管有時(shí)速度慢些。

3.當(dāng)人類逐漸了解自然，開始向自然索取并慢慢發(fā)展到企圖征服自然，并愈演愈烈時(shí)，自然的和諧與平衡便遭到毀壞?；哪牡貐^(qū)出現(xiàn)了，災(zāi)難性的洪水來臨了，連空氣和水質(zhì)也常受到污染，人類賴以生存的環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)受到了破壞。

【答案】1.TheSilkRoad,asthetrafficarteryconnectingChinaandtheWest,hasbornetheweightofdialogueandcommunicationbetweenChinaandtheworld,andhasalsodemonstratedanopenculturalcharacterofancientChinaandimmortalcivilizationforovertwothousandyears.Nowadaysthewordofthe“SilkRoad”hasalreadyexceededitshistoricalmeaning,andbecomeaspiritualsymbol,providingamodelofvalueforthepeaceanddevelopmentofthepresentworld.

2.TospeakofAmericanliteraturewecan’tassertthatitisentirelydifferentfromEuropeanliterature.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehaveadvancedsidebyside.Atanytime,thetravelercouldfindthesamestylesinarchitecture,thesamepatternsindress,thesamebooksonthebookshopsintwodifferentplaces.ThoughtscanspantheAtlanticOceanasfreelyasmenandcommodities,althoughsometimesthespeedisslow.

3.Humanbeingsbegantoaskforsomethingfromnatureandeventriedtoconqueritastheyknewmoreandmoreaboutit.Asthesituationintensified,theharmonyandequilibriumofnaturewererudelydemolished.Therehavebeendesertifiedzoneandcatastrophicflood.Evenairandwaterwereoftenpolluted.Theenvironmentwhichwedependonforalivingwasdeteriorated.

13.單選題

Theheatinsummerisnoless（）hereinthismountainregion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concentrated“集中的；濃縮的；全神貫注的”；B選項(xiàng)extensive“廣泛的；大量的；廣闊的”；C選項(xiàng)intense“強(qiáng)烈的；緊張的；非常的；熱情的”；D選項(xiàng)intensive“加強(qiáng)的；集中的”。由本句主語“Theheatinsummer”（夏天的炎熱）后接noless（不相上下）可知此處的意思應(yīng)與強(qiáng)烈的對應(yīng)，表示夏天的炎熱程度。句意：在這片山區(qū)，夏季的酷暑同樣強(qiáng)烈。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

WhentheU.N.CommissionontheStatusofWomen(CSW)helditsinauguralmeetinginLondonbackin1946,theU.S.delegate,EleanorRoosevelt,readanopenlettertothewomenoftheworldcallingongovernmentstoencouragewomeneverywheretoparticipateinnationalandinternationalaffairs.Theletteralsourgedwomenwhoareconsciousoftheiropportunitiestocomeforwardandshareintheworkofpeaceandreconstructionastheydidinwarandresistance.

But66yearslater,theworldwidestruggleforgenderequalityandgenderempowermentcontinuesunabated——evenaswomenfindthemselvesdiscriminatedagainst,andvictimsofviolence,bothathomeandonthebattlefield.

AsIndia'sPermanentRepresentativetotheUnitedNationsAmbassadorHardeepSinghPuritoldtheSecurityCouncilonFebruary23,2012,closeto90percentofcurrentcasualtiesinwarsandsituationsofarmedconflictarecivilians,withthemajoritybeingwomenandchildren.

Obviously,womenbearadisproportionatelylargeshareoftheburdenofconflict,buthaveamarginalsayinmattersofwarandpeace,hesaid,pointingouttheirony.Thisisperhapsafunctionofthegenderimbalanceinoursocieties,reflectedinpositionsofpowerandinfluence,headded.

Despitethis,Puffargued,womenshouldnotbeviewedsolelyasvictimsofwar.Theyalsohavetoassumethekeyroleofensuringfamilylivelihoodsinthemidstofchaosanddestruction,andareparticularlyactiveinthepeacemovementsatthegrassrootslevelandcultivatingpeacewithintheircommunities.

Therefore,theabsenceofwomenatthepeacenegotiatingtableisunconscionable,declaredPuri,asheimplicitlycriticizedthefactthatpeacenegotiatorsareoverwhelminglymale.

YasmeenHassan,globaldirectorattheNewYorkbasedEqualityNow,saidthateconomicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.

Similarly,shepointedout,Warandlackofsecurityleadtoacurtailmentofwomen'srights.Thedevelopingworldhasseenalotmoreinstability——economic,political,social——thathasoftenbeenexacerbatedbyconflicts,bothinternalandcrossborder,thatposethebiggestbarrierstogenderequality.

“Instabilityandconflictsalsomakewomen'srightsactivismdifficultaswomenmaybecomedividedonissuesofnationalorigin,raceandclass,”sheadded.

A10-daymeetingofthe45-memberCSW,beginningFebruary28,2012,willfocusonanotherbattlefrom:theempowermentofruralwomenandtheirroleinpovertyandhungereradicationandsustainabledevelopment.

Accordingtothenewly-createdU.N.Women,ruralwomenconstituteone-fourthoftheWorld'spopulationofsevenbillionpeople.Still,onlyfivepercentofagriculturalextensionservicesareprovidedforwomenfarmers,andinruralsub-SaharanAfrica,womenholdlessthan10percentofthecreditavailabletosmallholderagriculture.

“Ifruralwomenhadequalaccesstoproductiveresources,agriculturalyieldscouldreducethenumberofchronicallyhungrypeoplebybetween100and150million,”saysUNWomen.

Askedaboutthekeyachievementsongenderempowermentinthelastfiveto10years,Hassansaid.“Everyoneagreesthatitisanissuethathastobeputontheagenda——women'sempowermenthascometobeseenasessentialfordevelopmentand,moreimportantlyincurrenttimes,forbuildingpeace.”

Shesaidtheshacklesofcultureandreligion,thoughstillbindingwomenmuchmoreharshlythanmen,havecometobeseen——atleastinternationally——asnotinevitableandinfactbreakable.

GigiFrancisco,thePhilippines——basedgeneralcoordinatorofDevelopmentAlternativeswithwomenforaNewEra(DAWN),saidthatamidstthebackdropofuncertaintimesforeconomiesworldwideandre-commitmentsmadebytheinternationalcommunitytoendingpovertyandachievingsustainabledevelopment,thereisamoredeliberatefocusonordinarywomen'srolesinproductionandconsumptionacrosstheeconomicsouth.

Byrelievingwomen'spracticalburdenslinkedtotheirgenderroles,itisassumedthatwomenandtheirfamilieswillbecomemoreefficientinaccessinganddistributingresourcesthatwouldeventuallyredoundtosomedegreeofempowerment,shesaid.

Atthesametime,Franciscopointedout,whenwomenbecomemoreefficientinperformingtheirroles,therestofthesocietyandtheentireeconomybenefit.

Focusingontheissuesandconcernsofgrassrootswomenistherightthingtodo.“Howeverwhatisfundamentallywrongwiththisapproachisthatwithoutawomen'srightsperspectivethefocusonefficiencyconfersentitlementstopoorwomensolelyonthebasisoftheirlabor,”sheadded.

Aswell,theapproachdoesnotleadtoanytransformationoftheexistinggenderdivisionoflaborthatpositionswomeninasubordinatedwaywithinfamiliesandsocieties,sheadded.Andbeinglesspoordoesnotmeanthatthegendergaphadbecomelessunequal.

Askedaboutgenderprogress,Franciscosaidthattheriseinthenumberofwomenenteringofficialpositionsofpowerandauthorityatlocal,national,regionalandgloballevelsisamajorachievementinonekeyaspectofgenderequality.

ThisisundoubtedlyaclearfollowthroughonobligationssetintheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW)andthe1995BeijingPlatformforAction(BPFA)adoptedattheFourthWorldConferenceonWomeninChina.

Whileinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequalityhaveprovidedtheframeworkinprogressivelyrealizinggenderbalanceinpoliticalreforms,changescouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheactionsbywomen'srightsadvocatesandmovementsthatpushedgenderequalityissuestotherealmofpublicdeliberationsandresistances.

“Incelebratingwomenwhoareinpositionsofpower,wemustrememberthatfirstly,thesituationforwomenleadersacrossandwithincountriesconsiderablyvary,”Franciscosaid.

Secondly,thatgains,eventhecelebratedones,maybetransientandseriouslythreatenedbyahostofneo-conservativereactionsthatemergefromsimultaneousupheavalsanduncertainties,andthirdly,powerfulwomenwillneedtobeassessednotintermsofhowlongtheyremainaspostergirlsforgenderequalitybutintermsoftheirconcretecontributionstoensuringthattherightsandwell-beingofordinarywomenaresecuredandpromoted.

“Andthattheprocessesofgovernanceatalllevelsremainaccountabletowomen'srightsorganizationsandmovements,”shesaid.

Relatedtothis,shesaid,isabigchallengethatUNWomennowhastoface:howitwillworkoutitsmechanismsandprocessesofpartnershipwithandaccountabilitytothewomen'smovementsinatransparentandconsultativeway.

Themainmessageofthispassageisthatwomentodayhavemadeextraordinaryprogressinattainingtherightstoparticipatingnationalandinternationalaffairs,forwhichtheirdeathtollinwarsandconflictishigherthanmen's.

Instability,risingfundamentalismcauseachallengetogenderequality.

Theroleofruralwomenineradicatingpovertyandhungerhasbeenfullyrealized.

Onekeyprogressingenderequalityisthatmorewomentodayattainofficialpositionsofpowerandauthority.

Theauthorofthispassagebelievesthatgenderbalancecanbefullyachievedaftertheestablishmentoftheframeworkofinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.前后不構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,所以表述不正確。

2.根據(jù)第七段“economicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.”經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退帶來的是原教旨主義的抬頭,以及對實(shí)踐和信仰的執(zhí)著,這對性別平等構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。由此可知,對性別平等構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)的源頭是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,所以本句表述錯(cuò)誤。

3.根據(jù)原文第十一段“ruralwomenconstitute...areprovidedforwomenfarmers.”世界70億人口中,農(nóng)村婦女占四分之一,只有5%的農(nóng)業(yè)推廣服務(wù)是為女性農(nóng)民提供的。由此可推斷,農(nóng)村婦女在消除貧困和饑餓方面的作用并沒有得到充分發(fā)揮。所以本句表述錯(cuò)誤。

4.本句與原文倒數(shù)第七段描述一致,所以表述正確。

5.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第五段可知,雖然性別平等的體制安排和機(jī)制為政治改革逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平衡提供了框架,但如果沒有婦女權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者和運(yùn)動(dòng)的行動(dòng),就不可能發(fā)生變化,這些行動(dòng)把性別平等問題推到公眾審議和抵制的領(lǐng)域。由此可知,在建立性別平等的制度安排和機(jī)制框架之后,如果沒有實(shí)際的行動(dòng),是無法充分實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平等的。所以表述錯(cuò)誤。

15.單選題

Redeemingyourcarfromthe（）canbeexpensive.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.base

B.pound

C.ground

D.parkinglot

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)base“基底；基礎(chǔ)；基地；基本成分”；B選項(xiàng)pound“英鎊；重?fù)?；違章停車車輛扣留場；流浪狗收留所”；C選項(xiàng)ground“地面；土地；范圍；戰(zhàn)場”；D選項(xiàng)parkinglot“停車場”。句意：從車管所贖回被扣的汽車可能要花很多錢。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theringsinacrosssectionofapinetreerevealboththeageofthetreeand______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheclimaticchangesundergoing

B.theclimaticchangesithasundergone

C.undergoestheclimaticchanges

D.ithasundergoneclimaticchanges

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。both…and是一個(gè)表示并列的連詞，連接的前后成分在語法上必須一致，and之前接的是一個(gè)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，做句子的賓語，所以我們也要選擇一個(gè)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，A項(xiàng)不符合語法；C項(xiàng)undergo是動(dòng)詞；D項(xiàng)是一個(gè)句子不符合語法；句意：松樹橫截面上的年輪既揭示了松樹的年齡，也揭示了它所經(jīng)歷的氣候變化。根據(jù)語法和句意，正確答案為B。

17.單選題

Thepresident’scriticssayhehasbeentoo______inrespondingtochanginginternationaldevelopments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.luscious

B.forlorn

C.timid

D.eloquent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)luscious“甘美的，滿足感官的”，B項(xiàng)forlorn“被遺棄的，絕望的，孤獨(dú)的”，C項(xiàng)timid“膽小的，羞怯的”，D項(xiàng)eloquent“意味深長的，雄辯的，有口才的”。由Thepresident’scritics“總統(tǒng)的批評者”可知，后面是負(fù)面的評價(jià)，排除A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，根據(jù)respondingtochanginginternationaldevelopments“應(yīng)對國際形勢的變化”可知，C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：總統(tǒng)的批評者說，他在應(yīng)對不斷變化的國際發(fā)展方面過于膽怯。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,therefore,thechoiceofan（1）shouldbemadeevenbeforechoiceofacurriculuminhighschool.Actually,（2），mostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives,（3）becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprove（4）position.The“oneperfectjob”doesnotexist.Youngpeopleshould（5）enterintoabroadflexibletrainingprogramthatwill（6）themforafieldofworkratherthanforasingle（7）

Unfortunatelymanyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans（8）benefitofhelpfromacompetentvocationalcounselororpsychologist.Knowing（9）abouttheoccupationalworld,orthemselvesforthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss（10）.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Others（11）toworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.

Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationfor（12）realorimaginedprestige.Toomanyhigh-schoolstudents—ortheirparentsforthem—choosetheprofessionalfield,（13）boththerelativelysmallproportionofworkersintheprofessionsandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal（14）Theimaginedorrealprestigeofaprofessionora“white-collar”jobis（15）goodreasonforchoosingitaslife’swork.（16），theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.Sincealargeproportionofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork,the（17）ofyoungpeopleshouldgiveserious（18）tothesefields.

Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathewants（19）lifeandhowhardheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotake（20）forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasitsdemandsaswellasitsrewards

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identification

B.entertainment

C.accommodation

D.occupation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.therefore

C.though

D.thereby

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.entirely

B.mainly

C.partly

D.especially

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.its

B.his

C.our

D.their

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.therefore

C.furthermore

D.forever

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.fit

C.take

D.leave

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.job

B.way

C.means

D.company

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.without

D.with

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.little

B.few

C.much

D.alot

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.chance

B.basis

C.purpose

D.opportunity

問題1