考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifounditdifficultto（）mycareerambitionswiththeneedtobringupmy

children.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intensify

B.amend

C.reconcile

D.consolidate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。intensify使增加，加??；amend修改；reconcile使順從，和解；consolidate合并，鞏固，加強(qiáng)。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難讓我的事業(yè)抱負(fù)（）撫養(yǎng)孩子的需求。reconcilewith意為“使一致，和好，調(diào)解”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.案例題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(財(cái)政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可以看出，美國(guó)民眾和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)移民影響的看法不同。選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)給出了自己的看法，不存在困擾一說；選項(xiàng)B美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)過去因移民而得以繁榮，在第一段并沒有提及；選項(xiàng)C經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)移民，在第一段中也沒有信息提及。

2.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以當(dāng)?shù)氐图寄芄と耸芤泼裼绊懽畲蟮脑蚴撬麄兒茈y找到一份收入體面的工作。

4.

根據(jù)第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他們最擔(dān)心的是移民帶來(lái)的財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.

根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有諷刺意味的是，外界所有過度興奮的辯論，對(duì)移民的影響卻微乎其微。選項(xiàng)C人們對(duì)某些影響很小的事情其實(shí)有些小題大做了，符合原文。

3.單選題

12.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Playtennis.

B.Takeoutthetrash.

C.Playcomputergames.

D.Gotocourtforalawsuit.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Howaboutthegameoftennis?

M:Ok,loser’lltakeoutthetrashforamonth.

W:It’sadeal.

M:Seeyouinthecourt.

Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士提議說待會(huì)去打網(wǎng)球，最后男士說：Seeyouinthecourt(球場(chǎng)上見)。

4.單選題

（

）,there’sagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesn’tusuallystayawayfromwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ideal

B.Principally

C.Presumably

D.Originally

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。ideally“理想地”；principally“主要地”；presumably“大概”；originally“原始地”。句意：她沒來(lái)可能是有原因的，因?yàn)樗ǔ２粫?huì)擅離崗位。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Manyyearshad（）beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurbanareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.floated

B.elapsed

C.preceded

D.proceeded

【答案】B

【解析】float漂流；elapse時(shí)間流逝；precede領(lǐng)先，在…之前；proceed開始，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。句意：許多年過去了，他們才回到原來(lái)的城市。這里指時(shí)間流逝，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.單選題

Criticalarticlesonthisnovelarguethatthoughtheplotseemslogical,theendingofthenovelis_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tardy

B.ramrod

C.farfetched

D.factitious

【答案】C

【解析】tardy行動(dòng)緩慢的;ramrod嚴(yán)厲的,生硬的;farfetched牽強(qiáng)的;factitious人為的,虛假的。句意：有關(guān)這篇小說的評(píng)論稱，雖然情節(jié)看似合乎邏輯，但小說的結(jié)尾卻很牽強(qiáng)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

By（

）

computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimathousanddollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coarse

B.rude

C.average

D.general

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗魯?shù)摹?；average“平均的，普通的”；general“一般的，普通的”。句意：通過粗略計(jì)算，他估計(jì)修理好這個(gè)房子需要花費(fèi)一千美元。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.翻譯題

StandingintherightspotinthisgiganticcityandhillsdrapedwithapartmentcomplexescanremindyouofHongKong,thedensityofhabitationwillrecallTokyoandtheriver-spanningbrawn,repletewithanimmensenewstructureovertheYangtzethatechoestheBrooklynBridge,mightrecallNewYork.

Everywhereonelookshere,therearenewexpressways,newbridgesandtoweringnewhousingcomplexesrising,somanyinfactthatitistheoccasionalglimpseofsomethingold,ratherthanthesightofanythingnew,thattakesone’sbreathaway.

Chinahasbuiltmegacitiesbefore,ofcourse.Thecountry’sricheastaboundswiththem,strungalongthecoastfromTianjininthenorthtoShenzheninthefarsouthlikesomanypearls.ButtheswiftriseofChongqingrepresentsanewdeparture:amajorpushbyBeijingtospreadthefruitsofChina’seconomicboomtothecountry’svastinterior,hometothreeChineseinfour.

Oneafteranother,thebigcitiesoftheinteriorhaveeagerlyenteredtheracetourbanize,withmanyopenlybrandishingtheobjectiveofbecominga“worldcity”withinafewyears.Butwhetherjudgedbyitssize,itsambitionorthescaleoftransformation,Chongqing,withits12millionpeople,remainsinaclassbyitself.

【答案】置身于這座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻滿是公寓樓的山坡上可能會(huì)使你想到香港；這里密集的人口會(huì)讓你想到東京；而那橫跨長(zhǎng)江兩岸、仿效布魯克林大橋豁然聳立的龐大新建筑物，或許會(huì)讓你想到紐約。

放眼望去，到處都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的橋梁和新蓋的高聳入云的住宅樓。事實(shí)上，這類新建筑實(shí)在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于讓人感到驚訝不已的往往不是什么新的高樓大廈，而是偶然瞥見一座舊建筑。

當(dāng)然，在此之前中國(guó)已經(jīng)有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的東部地區(qū)為數(shù)不少。這些城市從華北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠鑲嵌在中國(guó)沿海各地。但是重慶的迅速崛起卻象征著一種新的開端：這表明北京正在大力推動(dòng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的成果，將其延伸到幅員遼闊的內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，那里是全國(guó)四分之三人口的家園。

中國(guó)內(nèi)地的城市一個(gè)接一個(gè)競(jìng)相城鎮(zhèn)化，其中很多城市公開炫耀它們的目標(biāo)，聲稱要在幾年內(nèi)建成“世界大都市”。但無(wú)論從城市大小、追求目標(biāo)還是改革規(guī)模來(lái)衡量，擁有1200萬(wàn)人口的重慶仍是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。

9.單選題

Recently,oneofmybestfriendsJennie,withwhomIhavesharedjustabouteverythingsincethefirstdayofkindergarten,spenttheweekendwithme.SinceImovedtoanewtownseveralyearsago,wehavebothalwayslookedforwardtothefewtimesayearwhenweseeeachother.

Overtheweekend,wespenthoursandhours,stayinguplateintothenight,talkingaboutthepeopleshewashangingaroundwith.Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior.Iwasblownaway!Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.Herself-respectseemedtohavedisappeared.

ItriedtoconvinceherthatshewasrunningherfutureandheadingforbigtroubleIfeltlikeIwasgettingnowhere.Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.

Bythetimesheleft,Iwasreallyworriedaboutherandexhaustedbytheexperience.IthadbeensofrustratingthatIhadcomeclosetotellingherseveraltimesduringtheweekendthatmaybewehadjustgrowntoofaraparttocontinueourfriendship,butIdidn’t.Iputthepoweroffriendshiptotheultimatetest.We’vebeenfriendsforfartoolong.IhadtohopethatshevaluedmeenoughtoknowthatIwastryingtosaveherfromhurtingherself.Iwantedtobelievethatourfriendshipcouldconqueranything.

Afewdayslater,shecalledtosaythatshehadthoughtlongandhardaboutourconversation,andthenshetoldmethatshehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend.Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.Itwasoneofthetrulyrewardingmomentsinmylife.NeverhadIbeensoproudofafriend.

1.WhatwordbestsumsupJennie’sboyfriend?

2.WhatwastheattitudeofJennie’sparentstowardsherrelationshipwithherboyfriend?

3.HowdidtheauthorreacttoJennie’srelationshipwithherboyfriend?

4.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenJennietoldhershehadbrokenupwithherboyfriend?

5.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Aloser.

B.Adruguser

C.Atroublemaker

D.criminal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereratertolerant.

B.Theydidnotallowhertocontinueit.

C.Theywereindifferenttoit.

D.Theythoughttheirdaughterdeservedabetterfriend.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ShewasveryangrywithJennieforchoosingsuchafriend.

B.ShethreatenedtobreakupwithJennieifheradvicewasignored.

C.ShewasovercomewithpridethatJennietoldheraboutherboyfriend.

D.ShetriedherbesttodissuadeJenniefromcontinuing.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Shefeltrelieved.

B.Shefeltexhausted.

C.Shefeltfrustratedandangry.

D.Shefelthappyandproud.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Drugscandestroyinnocentyoungpeople.

B.Youngpeopleshouldbecarefulinchoosingtheirfriends.

C.Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.

D.Thepoweroftruefriendshipcanconqueranything.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問：哪個(gè)單詞完美總結(jié)了Jennie的男朋友？A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)失敗者”，定位到第二段Shestartedtellingmestoriesabouthernewboyfriend,abouthowheexperimentedwithdrugsandwasintootherself-destructivebehavior（她的男友不僅吸毒而且有其他自殘的行為）。第三段作者還說Ijustcouldn’tbelievethatshereallythoughtitwasacceptabletohangwithabunchoflosers,especiallyherboyfriend.（我只是不敢相信她真的認(rèn)為和一群廢柴在一起是可以接受的，尤其是她的男朋友。）也就是說珍妮的男友是位失敗者，A選項(xiàng)最佳總結(jié)了她的男朋友。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)吸毒者”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)惹是生非的人”，D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)罪犯”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問：Jennie的父母是如何看待她和男友這段感情的？B選項(xiàng)“他們不允許她繼續(xù)和他在一起”，定位到第二段Shetoldmehowshehadbeenlyingtoherparentsaboutwhereshewasgoingandevenstealingouttoseethisguybecausetheydidn’twantheraroundhim.（她一直在向父母撒謊她要去哪里，甚至偷偷溜出去見那個(gè)男人，因?yàn)樗麄儾幌Ｍ谒磉叄┮虼宋覀兛梢缘贸鏊母改甘遣煌馑退谝黄鸬模鸢笧锽。A選項(xiàng)“他們非常寬容”，C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)這個(gè)并不關(guān)心”，D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為他們的女兒值得更好的”。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問：作者對(duì)于Jennie和她男朋友的這段感情是怎么看的？D選項(xiàng)“她盡自己的最大努力去勸Jennie分手”，作者在第二段抱怨說NomatterhowhardItriedtotellherthatshedeservedbetter,shedidn’tbelieveme.（不管我怎么努力告訴她她值得更好的，她都不相信我）。在第三段又說Itriedtoconvinceherthatshewasruiningherfutureandheadingforbigtrouble（我試圖讓她相信，她正在毀掉自己的未來(lái)，惹上大麻煩），也就是說作者一直想辦法勸阻珍妮不要繼續(xù)和她的男友來(lái)往了，答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“她對(duì)于Jennie選擇了一個(gè)這樣的男朋友感到很生氣”，B選項(xiàng)“她威脅說，如果珍妮不聽她的勸告，她就要同珍妮絕交”，C選項(xiàng)“她對(duì)于Jennie告訴她自己有男朋友而感到很驕傲”。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問：作者對(duì)于Jennie和她男朋友分手是怎么看待的？D選項(xiàng)“她感到高興并驕傲”；定位到最后一段Ijustlistenedontheotherendofthephonewithtearsofjoyrunningdownmyface.（我只是在電話的另一端聽著，喜極而泣。）證明作者得知這個(gè)消息之后又開心又激動(dòng)，答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“她感到松了一口氣”，B選項(xiàng)“她感到精疲力竭”，C選項(xiàng)“她感到沮喪并且生氣”。

5.歸納概括題。題干問：作者寫這篇文章是為了傳遞什么信息呢？D選項(xiàng)“真摯的友誼可以戰(zhàn)勝一切”；從全文來(lái)看，珍妮和作者有著十分深厚的友誼，她們彼此都十分信任。而珍妮最近交上一位男友，這位男友不僅吸毒而且還有其他的自殘行為——這讓作者十分不安，希望珍妮立刻斷絕她和這位男友的來(lái)往。但一開始珍妮并沒有接受她的規(guī)勸，所以作者感到十分沮喪。作者只能以她們的深厚友誼為賭注，希望珍妮能相信作者是在盡力拯救她，希望她們的友誼能幫助她們克服一切困難。最終珍妮經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的痛苦的思考，終于醒悟過來(lái)，和那位男友斷絕了關(guān)系，擺脫了困境，因此答案為D。A選項(xiàng)“毒品可以摧毀無(wú)辜的年輕人”，B選項(xiàng)“年輕人在挑選伴侶時(shí)應(yīng)該小心”，C選項(xiàng)“家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該照顧關(guān)心他們的孩子”都不能完全概括整篇文章的意義。

10.單選題

Theyoungartistcreates（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marbletranslucentsculptures

B.translucentmarblesculptures

C.marblesculpturestranslucent

D.translucentsculpturesmarble

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞序。當(dāng)名詞前有多個(gè)形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些形容詞的排序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~（冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、數(shù)詞等）+表示觀點(diǎn)的描述性形容詞+形狀、大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低+年齡、新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍、地區(qū)+物質(zhì)材料+中心詞。translucent（半透明的）指顏色，marble（大理石）指物質(zhì)材料，sculpture（雕像）是中心詞，因此選B。

句意：這位年輕的藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)造了半透明的大理石雕像。

11.單選題

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople（

）harmthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.betterthan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:發(fā)展核科學(xué)是給人們?cè)旄?，而不是危害人們?/p>

短語(yǔ)辨析。Morethan多于，超出;otherthan除了;betterthan超過，多于;ratherthan而不是。故選D。

12.單選題

Themissioncontrollerssayitisimportantto________thatthespacepioneersdonotgohungry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.assure

C.becertain

D.bedependent

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“保證，確?！保籅選項(xiàng)“保證，擔(dān)保”；C“確信，肯定”；D選項(xiàng)“依靠”。句意：任務(wù)團(tuán)的負(fù)責(zé)人說：“（）太空航天員不餓肚子是很重要的?！备鶕?jù)句意排除D。

1.assure用來(lái)表示向某人保證某事將要發(fā)生，既可以用來(lái)確證某事，也可以表示使某人確信，assure的賓語(yǔ)通常是人或人稱代詞，如Heassuredusofhisabilitytosolvetheproblem（他向我們保證他有解決這件事的能力）

2.ensure的意思是使某行為或某件事的結(jié)果得以保證，即確保某事發(fā)生（tomakesurethatsth.happens）。ensure后可以直接跟that-clause，并可以用復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。Wemustensurethatallpatientshaveaccesstohighqualitycare.（我們必須確保所有的病人都能夠得到高質(zhì)量的護(hù)理。）

3.certain表示某人準(zhǔn)確無(wú)疑的相信某事，如She’sabsolutelycertainshe’sgoingtomakeitintheworld.（她確信自己將享譽(yù)全球。）

13.單選題

Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.Thefactthatanairplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoeswrong,makesitperhapsamatteroflifeanddeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutelydependable.

Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,radionavigationalinstruments,passengerseats,orfreightroom,andofcourse,thepassengersandaircraftthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafetyandefficiencywillallow.Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.Thisspecialistiscalledthe"stressman".Hetakesaccountofanyunusualstressthatmaybeputonthepartasaprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentdamage,etc.

Thestressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,andhemustmakeitasstrongasthestressmansayisnecessary.Oneortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyareasstrongasthedesignerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,andthenthewholeassembly—forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeairplane.Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.

Whenaplanehaspassedallthetestsitcangetagovernmentcertificateofairworthiness,withoutwhichitisillegaltofly,exceptfortestflying.

Makingtheworkingpartsreliableisasdifficultasmakingthestructurestrongenough.Theflyingcontrols,theelectricalequipment,thefireprecautions,etc.mustnotonlybelightinweight,butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.

Tosolvealltheseproblemstheaircraftindustryhasalargenumberofresearchworkers,withelaboratelaboratoriesandtesthousesandnewmaterialstogivethebeststrengthinrelationtoweightareconstantlybeingtested.

1.Thetwomainrequirementsofaircraftdesignare（

）.

2.Themaximumpossibleweightofanaircraftisdeterminedby

（

）.

3.Thestressman'sjobisto

（

）.

4.Thefirstthreeairplanesofanewtype

（

）.

5.Allequipmentinanaircraftmust（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.speedandcost

B.reliabilityandpassengercomfort

C.lightnessanddependability

D.abilitytostayupintheairandreliability

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theengineerpower

B.theamountoffreightroom

C.thenumberofpassengers

D.internationalregulations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.testhowsafetheplaneis

B.calculatehowstrongeachpartmustbe

C.workouthowheighttheplanemayflyat

D.controltheamountofluggageeachpassengermaycarry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areonlyforshow

B.arealldestroyed

C.arelaterbrokenupforspareparts

D.areusedfortestingpurposes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.betestedtodestruction

B.notbetoolightinweight

C.workespeciallywellathightemperatures

D.workperfectlywithinawiderangeoftemperatures

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.（有兩件主要的事情使飛機(jī)工程變得困難：需要使每一個(gè)部件盡可能可靠，以及需要建造一切盡可能輕的東西）可知C選項(xiàng)“輕便與可靠性”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.（考慮到一定的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率，并由此產(chǎn)生一定的燃料消耗，可以飛行的飛機(jī)的總重量有一個(gè)實(shí)際的限制）可知飛機(jī)的最大可能重量由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率決定的，因此選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.（設(shè)計(jì)人員必須計(jì)算每個(gè)零件將承受的正常載荷）可知B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算每個(gè)部分能承受的正常重量”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.（當(dāng)一種新型飛機(jī)被制造出來(lái)時(shí)，正常情況下，頭三架飛機(jī)中只有一架可以飛行。在結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)中，兩架將在地面上銷毀，第三架將在空中進(jìn)行測(cè)試）可知這三架飛機(jī)都是用來(lái)測(cè)試的，兩架用于地面測(cè)試，一架用于空中測(cè)試，因此選D。

5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.（但必須在海拔較高、溫度可能低于冰點(diǎn)的情況下工作，也必須在熱帶地區(qū)的熱空氣中工作）可知飛機(jī)上的所有設(shè)備都必須能在溫差范圍極大的條件下工作，因此選D。

14.單選題

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economics“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)；國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”；B選項(xiàng)economic“adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)economy“n.經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約；理財(cái)”；D選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)約的；合算的”。economic用以指與貿(mào)易、工業(yè)或財(cái)富等有關(guān)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”或“有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面”的意義，一般用作定語(yǔ)；economical則指與“節(jié)約”同義的“經(jīng)濟(jì)”，相當(dāng)于notwasteful，既可指人也可指物，既可作表語(yǔ)也可作定語(yǔ)。句意：湯姆認(rèn)為這里的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不如家鄉(xiāng)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.’’

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）areessentialinachievingsuccess.

2.Theword“frugal’’（Line2,Para.2）means（）.

3.Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause（）.

4.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat（）.

5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abilityandgoals

B.goalsanddetermination

C.abilityandenvironment

D.goalsandenvironment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.wasteful

C.thrifty

D.miserable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirlifeismiserable

B.theydonotliveinpeace

C.theirgoalsaretoolow

D.theyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldhavehighgoals

B.successmeansachievinggreatgoals

C.successmeanstakingawalkinthepark

D.successmeanstryingone’sbestatwhatonereallylikes

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofsuccess

B.howtoachievesuccess

C.howtosetgoals

D.theimportanceofgoals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段最后一句“Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.因?yàn)槲覀兠總€(gè)人在遺傳能力和表達(dá)這些能力的有利環(huán)境方面都有獨(dú)特的差異，所以我們必須廣義地定義成功?！庇纱丝芍h(huán)境和能力是成功的必要因素。C項(xiàng)正確。

2.詞義題。由第二段第二句"Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature…"由前面的“對(duì)一些人來(lái)說，只要能以最少的痛苦和折磨過自己的生活就算是成功了，想想那些內(nèi)心平靜的可憐的牧羊人吧…”可知牧羊人與家人一起在大自然的美景中享受簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段"Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess."另一方面，似乎即使有些人看起來(lái)?yè)碛胸S富的物質(zhì)財(cái)富，他們中的許多人似乎是悲慘的，當(dāng)以他們自己的成功目標(biāo)來(lái)判斷時(shí)，他們認(rèn)為自己是不成功的。可知富人認(rèn)為自己不成功是因?yàn)閺乃麄冏约旱哪繕?biāo)來(lái)衡量時(shí)并不夠富有。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”顧問補(bǔ)充說:“你并沒有真正失敗，也沒有破壞你成功的機(jī)會(huì)，直到你在你真正喜歡的事情上失敗了，并為此付出了最大的努力。可知D項(xiàng)正確。ABC三項(xiàng)與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要第一段講述了成功的定義，第二段和第三段分別舉例說明什么是成功。故A項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

TheAmericandefinitionofsuccessislargelyoneofacquiringwealthandahighmaterialstandardofliving.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatAmericansvalueeducationforitsmonetaryvalue.ThebeliefiswidespreadintheUnitedStatesthatthemoreschoolingpeoplehave,themoremoneytheywillearnwhentheyleaveschool.

（1）Thebeliefisstrongestregardingthedesirabilityofanundergraduateuniversitydegree,oraprofessionaldegree,suchasmedicineorlaw,followingtheundergraduatedegree.Themonetaryvalueofgraduatedegreesin"nonprofessional"fieldssuchasart,history,orphilosophyisnotasgreat.

InrecentyearstherehasbeenachangeinthejobmarketintheUnitedStates.（2）

Inthepast,itwaspossibletogetahigh-payingfactoryjobwithoutacollegeeducation;workerswithskillslearnedinvocationalschoolsoronthejobcoulddoworkthatdidnotrequireacollegeeducation.Thesewereamongthejobsthatnewimmigrantswereoftenabletoobtain.Increasingly,however,theadventofnewtechnologieshasmeantthatmoreandmoreeducationisrequiredtodothework.（3）

ManyofthenewjobsintheUnitedStateseitherrequireacollegeeducation,evenagraduatedegreeortheyarelow-payingjobsintheservicesectoroftheeconomy_—suchasinfast-foodrestaurants,smallstores,andhotels.Additionally，manyjobsarebeingoutsourcedtocountrieswheresalariesaremuchlower.（4）

Thisistrueofbothhigher-payingtechnicaljobsandlower-payingjobsrequiringlimitedskills.Becauseoftheimportanceofhighereducation,manyadultscombineworkingwithtakingclassesatacollege.Manypublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremakingiteasierforstudentstotakeclassesthroughdistancelearning,usingtheInternettoprovidematerialsandlecturesaswellastoengagestudentsindiscussion.（5）

Somestudentswhoarelivingoncampusorcommutingtoclassestakeatleastpartoftheircourseworkbydistance,butitisalsopossibleforastudenttoobtainbothundergraduateandgraduatedegreeswithouteverbeingonacollegecampus.

【答案】1.有一種觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為大學(xué)本科學(xué)位或繼大學(xué)本科學(xué)位之后的專業(yè)學(xué)位（諸如醫(yī)學(xué)和法律）是值得向往的。

2.在過去，沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的情況下得到一份高薪的工廠工作是可能的；從職業(yè)學(xué)?；蚬ぷ魃蠈W(xué)得技巧的工人們可以做不需要大學(xué)學(xué)歷的工作。

3.在美國(guó)很多新工作要么要求大專學(xué)歷甚至研究生學(xué)歷，要么它們是經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)業(yè)里（諸如快餐店，小商店和旅館）的底薪工作。

4.較高薪酬的技術(shù)工作和需要有限技能的較低薪資的工作都的確如此。

5.住?；蛲ㄇ趤?lái)上課的一些學(xué)生通過遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)完成至少部分課程，不過一個(gè)學(xué)生在從不在大學(xué)校園的情況下也可能獲得本科學(xué)位和研究生學(xué)位。

17.單選題

TheChineseRedCross（

）ageneroussumtothereliefofthephysicallydisabled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assigned

B.contributed

C.furnished

D.administered

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。assign“分配，分派”；contribute“捐助，捐獻(xiàn)”；furnish“提供、供應(yīng)”；administer“管理”。句意：中國(guó)紅十字會(huì)捐出了一大筆錢來(lái)減輕殘疾人的痛苦。B項(xiàng)符合題意，答案B

18.單選題

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn