考研考博-英語-嘉應學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嘉應學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis（）.

問題1選項

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此時；值此之際”。句意：在此時難以預測這家公司的未來。A選項正確。

2.單選題

Intheirlettertothestudents’representativeassembly,thefreshmeninsistedon（

）intheStudentUnion.

問題1選項

A.representing

B.beingrepresented

C.havingrepresented

D.havingbeenrepresented

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句意‘在給學生代表大會的信中，新生堅持在學生會中設(shè)置學生代表’thefreshmen應該是被動，用berepresented而insiston后必須用動名詞，所以用beingrepresented，B選項正確。

3.單選題

Inorderto（）agoodknowledgeofEnglish,hegaveuphisjobandwenttostudyinanEnglishschool.

問題1選項

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.address

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項require“需要，要求”；B選項inquire“詢問”；C選項acquire“獲得”；D選項address“演說，致辭”。句意：為了獲得英語知識，他放棄了工作，到一所英語學校學習。選項C符合語境。

4.單選題

Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen______inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.

問題1選項

A.gliding

B.cruising

C.piloting

D.patrolling

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項glide“滑行，滑翔”；B選項cruise“（船，飛機）航行，游行”；C選項pilot“駕駛，領(lǐng)航”；D選項patrol“巡邏，巡查”。根據(jù)inthemiddleofthePacific可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：衛(wèi)星通信高度發(fā)達，即使商人在太平洋的中部航行，也可以和辦公室及時聯(lián)系，就好像他們在隔壁一樣。

5.單選題

Heresented（

）towait.Heexpectedtheminister（

）

himatonce.

問題1選項

A.tobeasked,tosee

B.beingasked,tosee

C.tobeasked,seeing

D.beingasked,seeing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他憎恨等待。他希望總理馬上見他。resented后面一般直接接名詞或者動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；expect后面一般接不定式，所以答案選B。

6.單選題

Thewoman,69yearsoldandstillactiveasaprofessoratHarvardUniversity,toldaresearchteamthatshehadbeguntofindithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers.Notlongagoshehadforgottenherclassroomnumberwhenaskingforaslideprojectortobesentup.Shehadoneanxiousquestionfortheresearchteam,assembledtostudythenormalcourseofmentalaging:“AmIlosingmyabilitytoremember,andperhapseventothinkclearly?”

Thatquestionistheprincipalfocusofanewwaveofscientificinquiryonthedeclineinmentalabilitywithage.Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth.

From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime.Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay.

DrKWSchaie,apsychologistatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,isthedirectorofamajorstudyofnormalmentaldeclineintheelderly.Forover35years,hisstudyhasbeenfollowingmorethan5000menandwomenwhohavebeentestedregularly.DrSchaie’sinvestigationsseektofillagapingerontologicalresearch,which,accordingtoDrJackRowe,presidentoftheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineandaleadingexpertinthefield,hasfocusedondiseaseanddisability,andneglectedtheprospectsofmaintaininghighfunctioninginoldage.DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation.Inaninterviewhepointedoutthatgerontologistshavefocusedon‘"the6to15percentoftheelderlywhoarefrailandthenlumpedeveryoneelsetogetherasnormal.Butthereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherpeopleinitbecome.”

DrSchaie’smostrecentfindingswerereportedthismonthinTheAmericanPsychologist.Althoughthestudy’sresultsshowabilitiesbegintodeclinegraduallyinthemiddletolate60sandaccelerateinthelate70s.Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen.Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s.Formen,theleastdeclineshownisinspatialorientation,forexample,inreadingamapcorrectly.Bythelate80s,ithaddroppedbyonlyaboutone-eighthonaverage.

Forwomen,themostenduringmentalskillisinductivereasoning,assessingtheinformationinatimetable,forinstance.Aswomenreachedtheirlate80s,ithaddroppedjustoverone-eighthfromitsheightinmiddleage.Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s.Formen,thedeclinewasslightinthoseyears.

Anotherstudy,thisonebyDrRichardMons,apsychologistatMountSinaiMedicalSchoolwhoistheactingdirectorofaresearchconsortiumonnormalmemorylossandagingsponsoredbytheCharlesA.DanaFoundation,hasfoundthatdifferentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging.“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage.“Fluid”memory,ontheotherhand,theabilitytoaddnewinformationtomemoryortorecallsomethingthathappenedrecentlyismorepronetodecline,beginninginthe60s.Hefoundlittledeclineinveryshort-termmemory,likerememberingatelephonenumberjustlookedup.

ApairofHarvardpsychologists,DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla,havedesignedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation;theyreportedthetestintheFebruaryissueofCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience.Theyaretheresearcherswhomthe69-year-oldprofessorspokewith.Theirtestcomparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup.

DrSchaie’sstudyhasfoundcertainpredictorsforgoodmentalfunctioninoldage.Theseincludeahighlevelofabilityinreadingcomprehensionandverbalfluency,asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement.Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator.“Thereislessmentaldeclineinpeoplewhoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces,”DrSchaieobserved.Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial.“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse,sincethisisyourmajorimmediatesocialenvironmentandsupport.”DrSchaiestated.

1.The69-year-oldwomanmentionedatthebeginningofthepassageisfindingitincreasingly（

）.

2.Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductivetotheveryendoflonglives.Thewriterofthepassagestatesthatsomeexperts.

3.DrSchaie’sfindingsrevealthat（

）.

4.DrSchaietellsusthattheaverage85-year-oldwomanislikelytohavelostagooddealofherabilityto（

）.

5.DrJackRowe,inadditiontoservingasdirectorofawell-knownmedicalschool,

6.DrRowesays,thereisahugevariationfrompersontopersonamongolderpeople:theolderagroupgets,thelesslikeeachotherthepeopleinitbecome.”Thiscanbestbeparaphrased(re-stated)as.

7.WhichoftheseitemswouldDrMohsnotclassifyaspartofyourcrystallizedmemory?

8.WhatPowellandWhitlahavecreated（

）.

9.IfyouwereayoungmanthinkingofgettingmarriedandyouaskedDrSchaieforadvicehewouldprobablytellyouto（

）.

10.Thisarticle（

）.

11.Giventhattheaveragepersonisunlikelytoknowthatgeronto---istheGreekrootmeaning“oldperson”(seeline22),wemayreasonablyconcludethatthisarticleisintendedfor（

）.

12.Thewordchallenginginline7means（

）.

13.Thewordcognitiveinline9is（

）.

14.Theoppositeofflexibleinline52is（

）.

15.Thewordpromisinginline52means（

）.

問題1選項

A.difficulttorememberwhohercolleaguesare.

B.difficulttorecallsomeofhercolleagues’faces

C.difficulttorememberwhatsomeofhercolleaguesarecalled

D.easytoforgetthenameofherfaculty

E.easytoforgetwhatsomeofheryoungercolleaguesdointhefaculty

問題2選項

A.believethatsuchexamplesaremorecommonthangerontologistsformerlysupposed

B.arecertainthatsuchlateproductivityisimpossibleforordinarypeopleinotherwalksoflife

C.arealmostcertainthatinthefuturesuchlateproductivitywillbecomequiteordinary

D.suspectthatitiswrongtoregardsuchlateproductivityasabnormalratherthansimplyuncommon

E.rejecttheideathatsuchpeoplecanbetakenasmodelsfornormalhumanbeings

問題3選項

A.thepatternofmentaldeclineamongmenandwomenisvirtuallyidentical

B.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinwomen,butmuchlesssoinmen

C.amongolderwomen,inductivereasoningisjustasimpairedbyagingasisbasicmath

D.damagetoinductivereasoningamongtheelderlyisaboutequalformenandwomen

E.lossoftheabilitytocalculateissevereinbothmenandwomen

問題4選項

A.usenumbersandunderstandlanguage

B.usenumbersandreadtimetables

C.readtimetablesandusemaps

D.understandlanguageandreadtimetables

E.learnnewfactsandusenumbers

問題5選項

A.istheheadofafoundationthatgivesmoneyforresearchontheproblemsoftheelderly

B.isoneofAmerica’stopgerontologistsstudyingoldpeoplewithabnormallyseverememoryloss

C.istheleaderofatightlycoordinatedresearchassociationstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

D.isresponsiblefordecidingwhichexpertsonsuccessfulagingwillgetresearchgrantsfromtheMacArthurFoundation

E.istheleaderofalooselycoordinatedgroupofresearchteamsstudyinghowtoremainhealthyinoldage

問題6選項

A.Theolderthepeopleinagroupget,themorecharacteristicstheyshareDifferencesbetweenindividualsinagroupdiminishasageincreases

B.Aspeopleage,certainsimilaritiesincrease,whileothersbecomelessmarked

C.Humanindividualsareverydissimilaratanyage;thisisnolesstrueaspeoplegrowolder

D.Overallresemblancesbetweenmembersofahumangroupdecreaseastheyearsgoby

問題7選項

A.Aheadlineinlastweek’snewspaper

B.Thedateofyoureldestchild’sbirth

C.Yourmother’sname

D.ThemeaningoftheEnglishword“geology”

E.Theformulaforfindingtheareaofatriangle

問題8選項

A.constitutesagreatadvanceincomputersoftware

B.comparessomeonelikethe69-year-oldwomanwithotherwomenandwithotherpeopleofvariousages,butnotwithotheruniversityinstructors

C.willprobablyconfirmmanyofDrSchaie’sfindingsandinvalidatethoseofDrMohs

D.shouldmakeiteasiertodeterminetherelativementalskillsoflargenumbersofpeople

E.willbeoflittleusetoDrSchaiebutveryvaluableforDrMohs

問題9選項

A.marrysomeonequietanddependable

B.seekunityandstabilityinyourmarriage

C.marrysomeonelivelyandcurious

D.avoidwomenwhoarealwaystryingtochangetheirsituations

E.choosesomeonewhowouldratherreadthantravel

問題10選項

A.islimitedtoadiscussionofDrSchaie’srecentresearch

B.surveysrecentdevelopmentsinthestudyofagingandtheelderly

C.givesanoverviewofrecentadvancesintheunderstandingoftherelationbetweenoldageandmentalactivities

D.isprimarilyacriticismoftheexcessiveconcentrationamongearliergerontologistsonseverememorylossbytheelderly

E.explainsrecentadvancesinscientificunderstandingofthephysicalmechanismsofmentaldeclineamongtheaged

問題11選項

A.gerontologistsinterestedinrecentdevelopmentsintheirfield

B.schoolchildrenbeingtaughthowtodealwithdifficultoldpeople

C.doctorswhoneedatechnicalsummaryofrecentadvancesinmentalresearch

D.university-educatedreaderscuriousaboutrecentworkingerontology

E.adultswithsecondary-schooleducationsorlesswhowanttoknowwhatwillhappentotheirmemoriesastheygrowolder

問題12選項

A.supporting

B.supplyingevidencefor

C.disproving

D.bringingintodoubt

E.suspicious

問題13選項

A.anadjectivepertainingtotheactofknowingandjudging

B.averbmeaningtoinventbysuingthepowerofone’sbrain

C.anounrelatedtothewordrecognize

D.anadjectivereferringtotheprocessofaging

E.anounmeaningamentalaction,especiallyoneinvolvingrecognition

問題14選項

A.easy

B.bending

C.difficult

D.strong

E.rigid

問題15選項

A.indicatingadefiniteresult

B.productive

C.stronglysuggestingpossibleresults

D.guaranteeingcertainresults

E.guaranteedbytheevidence

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:E

第3題:E

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:E

第15題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:findithardtorecallthenamesofeverfacultymembers（發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很難記起曾經(jīng)的同事的名字）。干擾項為C:很難記起一些自己的同事的名字。此處“一些”與原文不符。因此A項“很難記起自己的同事是誰”正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Someartistsandintellectualsremainproductive定位至第三段:Theintellectualandcreativeproductivityinlaterlifeofcertainartistsandintellectualsmayrepresentnotsomuchanexceptionasanideal,someexpertsnowsay(一些專家說,某些藝術(shù)家和知識分子晚年的智力和創(chuàng)造性生產(chǎn)力，與其說是一種理想，不如說是一種例外)。由此可知E項“不認為這類人可以被當成普通人的模范”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干問的是DrSchaie的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),據(jù)此定位至第五段第四、五句:Thesharpestdeclinesareseeninbasicmathematics.Bytheirlate80s,bothmenandwomenwereonlyabouthalfasadeptinbasicmathastheyhadbeenintheir50s(最大的下降體現(xiàn)在基本的數(shù)學運算能力上。到80歲末的時候，男女的基本數(shù)學運算能力僅大約是其50歲時的一半)。故E項“男女計算能力的喪失都很嚴重”正確。B項“在計算能力喪失方面，女人比男人更嚴重”與第四、五句的句意不符。第五段第三句:Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降程度不同，男女的下降程度也不同),可知知A項“男女智力下降的模式幾乎是一致的”及D項“在歸納推理能力喪失方面，男女老年人大約是一致的”不正確。C項“在老年婦女中，歸納推理與基本數(shù)學能力因年齡增長而喪失的程度是一樣”,文中沒有提及。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第六段第三句:Oneofthedrasticdeclinesforwomenprovedtobeinverbalcomprehension,whilethatabilitydroppedrelativelylittleintothe70s,itplummetedbyaboutone-quarterduringthe80s(女人遭受的最嚴重智力下降之一被證明是在語言理解能力上，它在女人邁入70歲時下降的相對較少，但等他們到80歲的時，它就會很快下降差不多25%)及第三題的分析“85歲女人的數(shù)學運算能力也會大大降低”得知正確答案為A“使用數(shù)字及理解語言”。

5.細節(jié)事實題。第四段第三句說DrJackRowe是“aleadingexpertinthefield”(老年學研究領(lǐng)域的前沿專家)。第四句說:DrRoweheadsaresearchnetworkonsuccessfulagingsponsoredbytheMacArthurFoundation(DrRowe領(lǐng)導一個受MacArthur基金贊助的有關(guān)成功老齡化的研究網(wǎng)絡(luò))。由此可知C項“是一個協(xié)調(diào)緊密的研究協(xié)會的領(lǐng)導，該協(xié)會研究如何保持老年健康”正確。

6.語義題。題干意思為:在老年人中，人與人之間的差異都很大：一組人的年齡越大，組員之間的差異就更大。因此E項“人類群體中成員間的整體相似性隨年齡的増加而減少”正確。

7.推理判斷題。第七段:“Crystallized”memory,ie,vocabularyorotherknowledgeaccumulatedovertheyearsholdsupverywellintooldage(固態(tài)記憶指經(jīng)年累積的詞匯或其它知識，其能很好地保持到年老時)。因此A項“上周報紙的一個標題”不屬于固態(tài)記憶。

8.推理判斷題。DrSchaie的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):Therateofdeclinediffersforvariousmentalfacultiesanddiffersinmenandwomen(不同智力水平的下降率不同，男女的下降率也不同)。DrRichardMons的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):differentkindsofmemorydifferintheirvulnerabilitytoaging(不同類型的記憶在其易老化性上有所不同)。DouglasPowellandKeanWhitla的研究方式:designedacomputerizedtestofmentalskillslikelong-termandshort-termmemory,attention,reasoningandcalculation(設(shè)計了一個關(guān)于長期和短期記憶、注意力、推理和計算等心理技能的計算機測試);comparesaperson’sscorewithnormsforothersofthesameage,forpeoplewhoarestillinmiddleageandforothersintheirownprofessionalgroup(將一個人的分數(shù)與其他同齡人、中年人和其他專業(yè)人士的標準進行比較)。因此可知這些人的研究方向是有重疊的，故C項“將有可能證實DrSchaie的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)，卻會讓DrMons的發(fā)現(xiàn)失效”正確。

9.推理判斷題。第九段:asuccessfulcareerorsomeotherinvolvementthroughlifeandcontinuingkeenmentalinterestsafterretirement（一份成功的事業(yè)或生活中的其它活動，退休后保持強烈的精神情趣）及whoadapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces（容易適應變化，喜歡學習新東西與去新的地方）,這些都被DrSchaie認為是在年老時精神功能良好的預示，研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)僅僅與具有這些特點的人生活都是受益的（Thestudyalsofoundthatsimplylivingwithsomeonewiththesecharacteristicsisbeneficial）,并且DrSchaie說“Ithelpstohaveahigh-functioningspouse（有一個高功能的配偶是有幫助的）。因此如果向DrSchaie征求關(guān)于尋找伴侶的意見,他更會建議“與一個充滿活力與好奇心的人結(jié)婚”。

10.主旨大意題。文章主要講老年人的智力變化與其年齡增長的關(guān)系知C項“概述了在了解年齡增長與智力活動之間的關(guān)系方面取得的最新進展”正確。

11.主旨大意題。題干意思是:假如一般人不太可能知道geron是希臘語的詞根，意思是“老人”（見第22行），我們可以合理地推斷這篇文章針對的人群是。該文章主要講老年人的智力變化與其年齡增長的關(guān)系,而且專業(yè)性不是很強。因此D項“接受過大學教育并對老年學研究進展感興趣的的讀者”正確。

12.詞義題。Challenging所在句:Thefindingsarechallengingsomebasicassumptions,likethebeliefthatsuchdeclineisanaturalpartoftheagingprocess,irrespectiveofgeneralhealth(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)對一些基本假設(shè)提出了挑戰(zhàn)，比如認為這種下降是衰老過程的自然組成部分，與一般健康狀況無關(guān)),因此這里的challenging為動詞,因此D項“質(zhì)疑”正確。

13.詞義題。cognitive（認知的，認識的）本身是形容詞，可以直接排除B項(動詞,表示…),C項與E項(名詞,表示…)。Cognitive所在句:From20to30percentofpeopleintheir80swhovolunteerforcognitivetestingperformaswellasvolunteersintheir30sand40s,whoarepresumablyintheirmentalprime(在80多歲自愿參加認知測試的人中，有20%到30%的人表現(xiàn)出色，30多歲和40多歲的人也表現(xiàn)出色，他們大概處于精神發(fā)育的最佳時期)。因此A項“與認識與判斷行為相關(guān)的一個形容詞”正確。

14.詞義題。對aflexibleattitude的解釋為:adapteasilytochange,wholikelearningnewthingsandenjoygoingtonewplaces(容易適應變化，喜歡學習新東西與去新的地方)。故flexible的意思為“靈活多變”。其反義詞為E項“僵硬的，死板的”。

15.詞義題。Promising所在句:Havingaflexibleattitudeinmiddleagewasalsoapromisingindicator(中年時態(tài)度靈活也是一個很有前途的指標)。因此Promising表示”有希望的，有前途的”。故選C“有力地暗示可能結(jié)果”。

7.單選題

Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe（

）toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.

問題1選項

A.hadhad

B.has

C.had

D.wouldhave

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他本來會完成自己的大學教育，但是他卻不得不放棄，然后找一份工作來養(yǎng)家。

語法題考查一般過去吋態(tài)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“wouldhavefinished本來會完成”表示對過去事情的假設(shè),因此這里表示對過去情況的描述，故C項“had（其為動詞have的過去時態(tài)）”正確。

8.單選題

HereintheUS,beforeagriculturalactivitiesdestroyedthenaturalbalance,thereweregreatmigrationsofRockyMountainlocusts.GreatmigratinghordesoftheseinsectsoncedarkenedtheskiesontheplainseastoftheRockieswherecropswereoftendestroyed;theworstyearswerethosefrom1874to1877.Oneofthesemigratingswarmswasestimatedtocontain124millionlocusts.DuringanothermigrationinNebraskaitwasestimatedtheswarmoflocustsaveragedhalfamilehighandwas100mileswideand300mileslong.Usually,theseswarmstakeofffromthegroundagainstthewind,but,onceairborne,theyturnandflywithit.Warmconvectioncurrentshelptoliftthemoftentogreatheights.Duringthegreatlocustplaguesthesituationbecamesoseriousthattheoriginalstateconstitutionhadtoberewrittentotakecareoftheeconomicproblems.Thenewdocumentwasknownas“GrasshopperConstitution”.Itisnowbelievedthattheselocustswereamigratoryformorphaseofthelessermigratorylocust,whichisstillcommonthere.Inthisrespect,theNorthAmericanmigratorylocustsresembletheirAfricanrelatives.Inbothregionsthemigratoryformsariseasaresultofcrowdingandclimaticfactors.Migratoryformsareapparentlynaturaladaptationswhichbringaboutdispersalwhenlocustpopulationsbecometoocrowded.Fortunatelyforourfarmers,themigratoryform,theso-calledspretusspecies,nolongerseemstooccurregularly,althoughtherewasaseriousoutbreakaslateas1938inmid-westernUnitedStatesandCanada.Actually,thereisnoreasonwhythedestructivemigratoryformmightnotagainappearifcircumstancesshouldbecomefavorable.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthestateconstitutionofNebraskawasrewritteninorderto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,NorthAmericanandAfricanmigratorylocustsaresimilarinthat（）.

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

問題1選項

A.TheLifeCycleofLocusts.

B.MigratoryLocustsintheUS.

C.LocustPlaguesinNebraska.

D.TheReproductiveCapabilityoftheLocust.

問題2選項

A.maketheconstitutionmoreunderstandabletothepublic

B.encouragethefarmerstoleavethestate

C.provideforaregularcensusofthelocuspopulation

D.solvedifficultiesthatresultedfromlossofcrops

問題3選項

A.theyalwaystraveltowardmountainousregions

B.theirdestructiveactivitiesoccuronlyinplainareas

C.climatesaffecttheirdevelopment

D.theyarebothmentionedinstateconstitutions

問題4選項

A.Theoutbreakoflocustsin1938wasmoreseriousthananyotherinhistory.

B.Nebraskafarmershadnolocustproblemsintheyears1874-1877.

C.ThereisapossibilitythatcropsintheUSmightbedestroyedbylocustsinthefuture.

D.ThereisachancethatAfricanmigratorylocustsmaymaketheirwaytotheUS.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨題。本文主要講述了美國的兩次蝗災，下文接著提到了內(nèi)布拉斯加州政府修訂了州憲法來解決蝗蟲帶來的經(jīng)濟災難，最后提出預測，如果條件允許，蝗蟲依然會遷徙而帶來災害。所以整篇文章都關(guān)于蝗蟲的遷徙。選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“Duringthegreatlocustplaguesthesituationbecamesoseriousthattheoriginalstateconstitutionhadtoberewrittentotakecareoftheeconomicproblems.”，可知在蝗災期間，情況變得如此嚴重，原來的州憲法不得不重寫，以處理經(jīng)濟問題?？膳袛喑鰞?nèi)布拉斯加州的州憲法是為了解決因農(nóng)作物減產(chǎn)而造成的經(jīng)濟問題。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章，“Inthisrespect,theNorthAmericanmigratorylocustsresembletheirAfricanrelatives.Inbothregionsthemigratoryformsariseasaresultofcrowdingandclimaticfactors.”，可知在遷移形式上，北美和非洲的蝗蟲很相似。在這兩個區(qū)域，遷徙形式都是由于擁擠和氣候因素而產(chǎn)生的?？膳袛喑霰泵篮头侵薜幕认x相似原因在于氣候影響。選項C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“theworstyearswerethosefrom1874to1877.”，可知最糟糕的年份是1874年到1877年?？膳袛喑?938年不是最嚴重的一年，選項A可排除。文中只提到1874-1877年遇到了蝗災問題，并沒有提及內(nèi)布拉斯加州是否發(fā)生，選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“thereisnoreasonwhythedestructivemigratoryformmightnotagainappearifcircumstancesshouldbecomefavorable.”，可知如果情況有利，破壞性的遷移形式有可能會再次出現(xiàn)，并不能說明非洲蝗蟲一定會遷徙到美國。選項D可排除。根據(jù)排除法，選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Michael（）heretoseeyouandhe（）anoteonyourdesk.

問題1選項

A.hascome;hadleft

B.hasbeen;hasleft

C.hascome;left

D.hasbeen;left

【答案】D

【解析】句意:邁克剛來這里看你，他留了一張便條在桌上。

語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)。后文說“留了一張便條”,不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,所以用一般過去時。那么前面應該表示的是“剛來過”。因此此處用“hasbeenhere”合適。

10.單選題

Topreserveone’sdignity,theequilibriumbetweenwidelydivergentimpulseshastobemaintained.

問題1選項

A.equality

B.confusion

C.distinction

D.poise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。equilibrium表示“平衡，均衡”。A項equality“平等，相等”，B項confusion“混淆，混亂”，C項distinction“區(qū)別，差別”，D項poise“平衡，姿勢”；句意：為了維護一個人的尊嚴，必須保持迥然不同的沖動之間的平衡。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

11.單選題

SomeofthismeatcamefromCanada.Howabout（

）?

問題1選項

A.another

B.others

C.theother

D.therest

【答案】D

【解析】考查不可數(shù)名詞的指代。meat是不可數(shù)名詞，前面三個選項一般用來知道可數(shù)名詞，所以不符合題意。選項D既可以指代可數(shù)名詞，也可以指代不可數(shù)名詞，符合題意。句意：這里一部分肉來自加拿大，那剩下的呢？

12.單選題

Landbelongstothecity;thereis（）thingasprivateownershipofland.

問題1選項

A.nosucha

B.notsuch

C.notasuch

D.nosuch

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnosuchthingas…是習慣用法，意思為“沒有…這樣的事”。句意：土地歸城市所有，沒有土地私有這回事。因此，本題的正確選項是D選項。

13.單選題

Generallyspeaking,oldpeopleareusuallymore（）thanyoungpeople.

問題1選項

A.destructive

B.progressive

C.conservative

D.constructive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項destructive“破壞的；毀滅性的”；B選項progressive“進步的；先進的”；C選項conservative“保守的”；D選項constructive“建設(shè)性的；推定的”。句意：通常來講，老年人比年輕人更……。綜合句意及選項判斷可知，此處應表示老年人比年輕人“保守”，C選項正確。

14.單選題

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor（1）toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful（2）ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem（3）theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand（4）ofmosthighways,the（5）oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily（6）forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation（7）arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate（8）inmanyways,forthe（9）ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest（10）ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda（11）,suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable（12）,butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices（13）,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis（14）toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof（15）infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by（16）taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso（17）theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto（18）andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs（19）certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto（20）betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

問題1選項

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

問題2選項

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

問題3選項

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

問題4選項

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

問題5選項

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

問題6選項

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

問題7選項

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

問題8選項

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

問題9選項

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

問題10選項

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

問題11選項

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

問題12選項

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

問題13選項

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

問題14選項

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

問題15選項

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

問題16選項

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

問題17選項

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

問題18選項

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

問題19選項

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

問題20選項

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查邏輯關(guān)系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大鏡”;horror“恐怖”;economy“經(jīng)濟”。文章開頭第一句就講到消費者與生產(chǎn)者會對經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生影響，由此可以推出文章接下來要講另一個影響因素，只有D符合題意。

2.考查詞匯辨析。elevation”海撥，提高”;emotion“情感、情緒”;election“選舉”;powerfuleffect“強大的影響力”,選項C符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏離、分叉”;clamp“夾住”。郵政系統(tǒng)屬于服務行業(yè)，故選擇B“服務”。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃燒、氧化”;commence“開始，著手”；maintenance“維修；維護”高速公路除了建設(shè)，還需要對其進行保養(yǎng)，才保證正常使用。選項D符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。commonplace“老生常談、司空見慣的事”;conductivity“導電性”;consequence“結(jié)果，后果”。高速公路建設(shè)與保養(yǎng)問題，涉及一個歸屬與責任權(quán)的問題，句中提到individualstates（各個州）。由此可知選B（責任）符合題意。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。console“安慰”;compact“壓縮、壓緊”;bracket“把...歸入同一類”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefund