考研考博-英語(yǔ)-太原師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-太原師范學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.問(wèn)答題

Themuseumisclosedthisafternoon.(Thereis)

【答案】Thereisnomuseumavailablethisafternoon.

2.單選題

Bringingupchildrenishardwork,andyouareoftentoblameforanybadbehaviorofyourchildren.Ifso,JudithRichHarrishasgoodnewsforyou.Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhoodcompanions.Ms.Harristakestobeattheassumptionwhichhasdominateddevelopmentalpsychologyforalmosthalfacentury.

Ms.Harris'sattackonthedevelopmentalists,“nurture”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Ifparentsmatter,whyisitthattwoadoptedchildren,rearedinthesamehome,arenomoresimilarinpersonalitythantwoadoptedchildrenrearedinseparatehomesorthatapairofidenticaltwins,rearedinthesamehome,arcnomorealikethanapairofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomes?

Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescence.Ms.Harrispointstohowchildrenfromimmigranthomessoonlearnnottospeakatschoolinthewaytheirparentsspeak.Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.Certainlyitisdifferentfromgrowinguptenseorrelaxed,orfromlearningtobehonestorhard-workingorgenerous.Easythoughasitmaybetoprovethatparentshavelittleimpactonthosequalities,itwillbehardtoprovethatpeershavevastlymore.

Moreover,mumanddadsurelycannotbeditchedcompletely.Youngadultsmay,asMs.Hamsargues,bekeentoappearliketheircontemporaries.Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoor:Theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheirchildrenassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.Moreover,mostpeoplesuspectthattheycometoresembletheirparentsmoreinmiddleage,andthatpeople'schild-rearinghabitsmaybeformedpartlybywhattheirparentsdid.Sothebalanceofinfluencesisprobablycomplicated,asmostparentsalreadysuspectedwithoutbeingabletodemonstrateitscientifically.Evenifitturnsoutthatthegenestheypassonandthefriendstheirchildrenplaywithmatterasmuchasaffection,disciplineandgoodexample,parentsarenotcompletelyoffthehook.

1.AccordingtoMs.Harris,（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingviewswouldthedevelopmentalistsagreewith?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementssummarizesthemainpointofParagraphthree?

4.Theword"ditched"(Para4)couldbestbereplacedby（）.

5.Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.parentshavenotinvestedenoughtimeandenergyintheirchildren

B.children'spersonalityisshapedbypeopletheymixwithoutsidethehome

C.inthelongrun,parentswillaffecttheirchildren'spersonality

D.natureratherthannurturehasasignificanteffectonchildren'spersonalitydevelopment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Childrentendtoassumetheirparents'personality

B.Childrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirpeersthanbytheirparents.

C.Identicaltwinsrearedinthesamehomearesimilarinpersonality.

D.Identicaltwinsunderthesameparentdevelopseparatepersonalities.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Parentalinfluenceismoreimportantthantheinfluenceofthepeergroups.

B.Tomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescenceishard.

C.Childrensubjecttopeergroupinfluenceoftenlearnhowtobehonest,hard-working,orgenerous.

D.Peersandparentshavesimilarinfluenceonachild’spersonalitydevelopment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.proved

B.emphasized

C.compared

D.ignored

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TohighlypraiseMs.Harris'swork.

B.TocounterMs.Harris'swork.

C.ToobjectivelyreportonMs.Harris'swork.

D.TocriticallycommentonMs.Harris'swork.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“父母沒(méi)有為他們的孩子投入足夠的時(shí)間和精力”，D項(xiàng)“先天而非后天培養(yǎng)對(duì)兒童的個(gè)性發(fā)展有顯著影響”文中沒(méi)有提及；C項(xiàng)“從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，父母會(huì)影響孩子的個(gè)性”，原文第一段提到“Parents,sheargues,havenoimportantlong-termeffectsonthedevelopmentofthepersonalityoftheirchildren.她（即Harris女士）稱(chēng)，父母對(duì)孩子的個(gè)性發(fā)展沒(méi)有重要的長(zhǎng)期影響”可推斷C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“孩子的性格受家庭外他們交往的人的影響”，文章第一段提到“Farmoreimportantaretheirplaygroundfriendsandneighborhoodcompanions（在小孩的性格形成上）有更重要影響的是孩子在操場(chǎng)上的朋友和街坊伙伴”可推斷B項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“孩子往往里呈現(xiàn)父母的性格”，文章只說(shuō)影響，并未提及呈現(xiàn)父母的性格，不是心理學(xué)家的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)“孩子更多受同齡人的影響，而不是父母的影響”是HarrisHairis女士的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)“同一家庭的雙胞胎性格不一樣”為Harris的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。C項(xiàng)“同一家庭撫養(yǎng)的相同雙胞胎在性格上相似”正確。題干提問(wèn)“發(fā)展心理學(xué)家”所認(rèn)同的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。文章第二段中提到Ms.Harris'’sattackonthedevelopmentalists,’“nurture”argumentlookslikelytoreinforcedoubtsthattheprofessionwasalreadyhaving.Harris女士對(duì)發(fā)展心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為的養(yǎng)育論的攻擊很可能強(qiáng)化了心理學(xué)家已有的懷疑”，接著提出疑問(wèn)：:“如果父母對(duì)孩子性格的形成有影響，為什么同一家庭撫養(yǎng)的兩個(gè)收養(yǎng)的小孩的性格不相似，不同家庭分別撫養(yǎng)的兩個(gè)收養(yǎng)的孩子性格也不相似？或者為什么同一個(gè)家庭的雙胞胎性格不相似，不同家庭撫養(yǎng)的一對(duì)雙胞胎在性格上也不相似呢？”，反之可推斷，發(fā)展心理學(xué)家所認(rèn)為的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是：同一家庭撫養(yǎng)的孩子在性格上是相似的，故選C項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)“父母的影響比同齡人群體的影響更重要?！迸c原文相反，C項(xiàng)“受同齡人影響的兒童經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)如何誠(chéng)實(shí)、努力工作或慷慨”文中沒(méi)有提及。D項(xiàng)“同齡人和父母對(duì)孩子的個(gè)性發(fā)展也有類(lèi)似的影響。”與原文不符。文章第三段提到“Difficultasitistotrackthepreciseeffectsofparentalupbringing,itmaybehardertomeasuretheexactinfluenceofthepeergroupinchildhoodandadolescence.雖然很難衡量父母教養(yǎng)的確切影響，但衡量同齡人群體在童年和青春期的確切影響更難?！笨赏茢喑鯞項(xiàng)“衡量同齡人群體在童年和青春期的確切影響是很困難的”正確；故選B。

4.詞匯題。文章最后一段提到父母對(duì)小孩的影響如“選擇孩子交往的對(duì)象和小孩生活的環(huán)境，及大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為自己在中年時(shí)開(kāi)始像自己的父母，育兒習(xí)慣可能部分受父母影響”可推知“父母對(duì)小孩性格的形成的影響是不可忽視的”，由此知“ditched”的意思最可能為“被忽視的”，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“被證實(shí)的”；B項(xiàng)“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的”；C項(xiàng)“被比較的”。

5.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A項(xiàng)“高度贊揚(yáng)Harris女士的工作”；B項(xiàng)“反駁了Harris女士的工作”；C項(xiàng)“客觀(guān)地報(bào)道了Harris女士的工作”。文章第三段中提到“Butacquiringalanguageissurelyaskill,ratherthanacharacteristicofthesortdevelopmentalpsychologistshuntfor.但獲得一門(mén)語(yǔ)言肯定是一種技能，而不是發(fā)展心理學(xué)家所尋找的性格”，最后一段中“Buteveninthoseearlyyears,parentshavethepowertoopendoor:Theymayinitiallychoosethepeerswithwhomtheirchildrenassociate,andpickthatinfluentialneighborhood.但即使在早期，父母也有能力打開(kāi)大門(mén)：他們可能首先會(huì)選擇與孩子交往的同齡人，并選擇有影響力的鄰居?？赏茢唷白髡邔?duì)Harris女士的工作進(jìn)行了批評(píng)性地的評(píng)論”，故選D。

3.單選題

______isthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconcepttograspintheMiddleAges.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thatthesunandnottheearth

B.Beingthesunandnottheearth

C.Itisthesunandnottheearth

D.Thesunandnottheearth

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：在中世紀(jì)，行星系的中心是太陽(yáng)而不是地球，這是一個(gè)很難理解的概念。句子開(kāi)頭到planetarysystem是主語(yǔ)從句，意思是“行星系的中心是太陽(yáng)而不是地球”，其中橫線(xiàn)部分充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)，that不能省略，A選項(xiàng)Thatthesunandnottheearth符合題意，其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Oftenbebeforecomputer,theeyeisabit（

）urticantabitbetterwiththesortofeye-drop,stimulationissmall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ache

B.fever

C.acerbity

D.sore

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。ache疼痛；fever發(fā)燒；acerbity酸，澀；sore潰瘍，痛處。句意：經(jīng)常在電腦前，眼睛有點(diǎn)癢，有點(diǎn)澀，用那種眼藥水比較好，刺激小。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

5.單選題

Thereisanoldsayingthatyoucannever______unlessyougiveyourconsent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinsulted

B.insult

C.insulting

D.toinsult

【答案】A

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該句同位語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)“you”是動(dòng)作“insult”的承受者，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，被動(dòng)形式應(yīng)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone”。句意：有句老話(huà)說(shuō)，除非你同意，否則你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被侮辱。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Fiveminutesearlier,（

）wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.but

C.and

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:早來(lái)五分鐘的話(huà),我們就能趕上末班車(chē)了。

連詞辨析。前后句意為順承關(guān)系。C項(xiàng)and為順承關(guān)系連詞。故選C。

7.單選題

ThegovernmentandMicrosoftplantosellaroundtheworldBritain’snewsystemforonlinetransactionsbetweencitizensandgovernmentafteritssuccessfullaunchintheUK.Akeystepinthegovernment’s$1.4billione-governmentprogramhasbeenonlinepaymentfortheInlandRevenuespay-as-you-earnscheme,someCustomsandExcisevalueaddedtaxprocedure,andclaimsforEuropeanUnionsubsidiesforfarmersallgoliveinthepastmonth.AtapresentationinSeattletoday,BillGates,Microsoft’sco-founderandchairman,willdemonstratetheBritishsystemto400governmentofficialsfrom80countriestoshowhowcitizensandbusinessescaninteractwithgovernmentovertheInternet.

“AlthoughsomeUSstatesareusingleadingedgetechnology,Europeingeneral,andtheUKinparticular,iswellaheadinimplementinge-governmentinitiatives.Itshouldputthecitizenatthecenterofthegovernment,”saysDavideVigano,generalmanagerofpublicsectoratthesoftwaregroup,“Theprojectshavebeenimplementedinjust15weeksusingMicrosoft’snettechnology,”saidAndrewPinder,thegovernment’se-envoy.“Thisisakeypieceofinfrastructure,broughtinontimeandonbudget,”hesaid.

Thesecuretransactiontechnologyistoberolledoutthroughabout200centralgovernmentdepartmentsandagenciesand482localgovernmentinstitutionsoverthenextfiveyearsinthedrivetohaveallofthegovernmentonlineby2005.ThesuccessfulimplementationisacoupforMicrosoftwhichistryingtobuildupitsenterprisesoftwarebusinessandhastargetede-government.Ithasabout1,000staffdedicatedtogovernmentbusiness.

“ThisisamilestoneforMicrosoft,”saidBarryGoffe,groupmanager,netenterprisesolutionsattheRedwood,Washingtonstate-basedcompany.“Twoyearsago,whenthetechnologyforsuccessfulintegrationdidnotexist,wewouldhavewalkedaway.”ThehardwarewassuppliedbyDell,andtheserversaremanagedbyCableandWireless.ThetechnologyisbasedonXML,anewlanguageprotocolthatallowsinformationtobelabeledandtheneasilyexchangedbetweencomputersondifferentplatforms.“Peoplewanttohangontotheirlegacysystemswhichhavebeenmassiveinvestments,butintegratingthesehasprovendifficultandexpensiveinthepast.It’sastonishinghowthefrictionhasbeenwipedoutbyXML,whichreducespaperwork,reducescomplexityandslashescosts,”saidMr.Goffe.

1.Thee-governmentsoftwareispartofMicrosoffs______.

2.Twoyearsago,thee-governmentprogramwasstillimpossibleduetothelackof______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enterprisesoftwarebusiness

B.mostprofit-makingproducts

C.securetransactiontechnology

D.mostsophisticatedtechnology

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.advancedhardware

B.efficientseversmanagement

C.thelanguageprotocolXML

D.researchfunding

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文章第三段第二句ThesuccessfulimplementationisacoupforMicrosoftwhichistryingtobuildupitsenterprisesoftwarebusinessandhastargetede-government.Ithasabout1,000staffdedicatedtogovernmentbusiness.（這一成功實(shí)施對(duì)微軟來(lái)說(shuō)是一場(chǎng)政變，微軟正試圖建立自己的企業(yè)軟件業(yè)務(wù)，并將目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)了電子政府）。A選項(xiàng)“軟件企業(yè)”，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，微軟把電子政府作為軟件企業(yè)，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“最賺錢(qián)的產(chǎn)品”，文章沒(méi)有提到這一點(diǎn)，因此可排除。C選項(xiàng)“安全交易技術(shù)”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“最精湛技術(shù)”，不符合題意，可排除。因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句ThetechnologyisbasedonXML,anewlanguageprotocolthatallowsinformationtobelabeledandtheneasilyexchangedbetweencomputersondifferentplatforms.（該技術(shù)基于XML，這是一種新的語(yǔ)言協(xié)議，允許對(duì)信息進(jìn)行標(biāo)記，然后在不同平臺(tái)上的計(jì)算機(jī)之間輕松交換）。由此可推測(cè)，兩年前電子政府不可能是因?yàn)槿狈φZ(yǔ)言協(xié)議XML。C選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言協(xié)議XML”符合題意，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“硬件強(qiáng)化”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“高效的塞維管理”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“研究經(jīng)費(fèi)”，文章所說(shuō)，整合這些系統(tǒng)既困難又昂貴，XML降低了復(fù)雜性，并削減了成本，因此D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

（

）isforbiddeninsomestatesintheUnitedStatesforreligiousreasons,whileitispermittedinsomeotherstates.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Conception

B.Abortion

C.Delivery

D.Perception

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)Conception“懷孕”；B選項(xiàng)Abortion“墮胎，流產(chǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)Delivery“分娩”；D選項(xiàng)Perception“感知”。

句意：由于宗教原因，美國(guó)有些州禁止墮胎，而有些州允許墮胎。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

9.單選題

In（）IwishIhadthoughtaboutalternativecoursesofaction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retrospect

B.disparity

C.succession

D.dissipation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。retrospect“回顧”，disparity“不同，不等”；succession“連續(xù)”，dissipation“浪費(fèi)，消散”。inretrospect是固定搭配，意思是“回顧往事；檢討過(guò)去”，句意：回想過(guò)去，我希望我曾想過(guò)這個(gè)行動(dòng)的不同方案。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Theterm“evaluation”,sometimescalled“institutional”inhighereducation,hasadifferentconnotationfrom“measurement”and“assessment”asdefinedhere.Theprocessofdate-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructsistypicallyfollowedbymorecomplexactivitiesofaddingsomeinterpretivevalueandjudgmentstotheinformationthatisgenerated.Thislatterprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurement/assessmentinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.Forexample,ifanindividual’sexaminationscoreis76,isitworthan“A”ora“B”grade?Shouldtheindividualbepromotedtothenextlevelofanundergraduatedegreeprogram?Theprocessbywhichstandardsandcriteriaareappliedtomakesuchdecisionsiscalledevaluation.Evaluations,thus,aremotivatedbyandcloselytiedtostakeholderneedsforinformationthatspeaktoparticulareducationalpracticeorpolicyconcerns.

Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.Formativeevaluationeffortsaredesignedforcontinuousqualityimprovementofparticularinstitutionalunits,suchasadepartment,school,program,orindividualstaff/facultyandstudents.Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedfromtheoutsidebygovernmentagencies,states,upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators,andaccreditingbodiesthatareinterestedinmakingjudgmentsonwhetheracollegeoruniversitysystemiseffective.

Formativeevaluationsimplyfeedbackloops;resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,refinementsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.Anassumptionisthatallunitsinanorganizationstriveforexcellence,andthatongoingdatagenerationwillinformthedevelopmentandprogressofvariousunitsandtheinstitutionasawhole.Forexample,individualfacultyandprogramsmaywishtouseresultsofstudentoutcomesassessmentformativelytoimproveteachingmethodsorprovideaddedlearningsupportstounder-preparedstudents.

Forassessmentinformationtobeusefulinaformativeway,evaluationresearchers/usershavetobeabletoexplainthecausalmechanismsandchainofevents/actionsthatledtotheresults:IfwefailedtogetoutcomeYinthisprogram,whatshouldhavehappenedthatfailedtohappen?Fordiagnosticutilityintheinformation,therehastobeafocusonmeasuringnotjustoutcomes,butalsotheprecedingactivities(processes)andexpectedresources(inputs).

Attheinstitutionallevel,summativeevaluationsandassociateddecisionsofteninvolveaccountabilityactions,resourceallocationsorwithdrawalofresources,impositionofsanctions,institutionalaccreditation,orrecognition/rewardsforindividuals,programsortheinstitution.Forindividualstudents,summativeevaluationscaninvolveplacementoradmissionintoselectiveprogramsbasedonadmissionstesting,suchasbasedonscoredoftheSAT(previouslytheScholasticAssessmentTest).Forfaculty,theycaninvolvegrantingoftenure,meritrecognitions,andrelatedpayraisesorpromotions.

1.Howcan“data-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructs”inthefirstparagraphbeprocessed?

2.SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedbythefollowingelementsEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutevaluation?

4.Thehighlightedword“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Viaparticulareducationalpracticeorpolicyconcerns.

B.Viaappropriatemeasuringorassessmenttools.

C.Viaobjectiveassumptions.

D.Viainterpretationandjudgments.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.individualstaff/facultyandstudents

B.accreditingbodiesthatareinterestedinmakingjudgmentsonwhetheracollegeoruniversitysystemiseffective.

C.governmentagencies.

D.upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurementinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.

B.Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.

C.Forformativeevaluations,resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,reflectionsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.

D.Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.selectiveprograms

B.admissions

C.summativeevaluations

D.individualstudents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Assessment

B.AssessmentandEvaluation

C.FormativeEvaluation

D.Evaluation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theprocessofdate-gatheringandscoring,codingorratingselectedconstructsistypicallyfollowedbymorecomplexactivitiesofaddingsomeinterpretivevalueandjudgmentstotheinformationthatisgenerated.”，可知數(shù)據(jù)收集和評(píng)分、編碼或?qū)x定的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)的過(guò)程通常會(huì)伴隨著更復(fù)雜的活動(dòng)，即為生成的信息添加一些解釋價(jià)值和判斷?？膳袛喑鲂枰ㄟ^(guò)解釋和判斷對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)收集和評(píng)分、編碼或?qū)x定的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行評(píng)級(jí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“SummativeevaluationsintheU.S.arefrequentlystimulatedfromtheoutsidebygovernmentagencies,states,upperlevelcollege/universityadministrators,andaccreditingbodies…”，可知在美國(guó)，總結(jié)性評(píng)價(jià)通常是由外部刺激而成的，包括政府機(jī)構(gòu)、州、高級(jí)學(xué)院/大學(xué)管理人員和認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)。所以文中沒(méi)有提及教職員及學(xué)生。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thislatterprocessofaddingjudgmentsofworthormerittotheresultsofmeasurement/assessmentinapplieddecision-makingcontextsistermed“evaluation”.”，可知選項(xiàng)A正確，可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Summativeevaluationsininstitutions,ontheotherhand,aredesignedformakingsomefinaljudgmentsofmerit,worthorimpact.”，可知選項(xiàng)B正確，可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Formativeevaluationsimplyfeedbackloops;resultsmustbesharedwithrelevantstakeholdersandprogrampersonnelsothatchanges,refinementsandimprovementstotheunitscanoccurusingtheinformation.”，可知C選項(xiàng)中reflections不符合文意。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Evaluativedecisionscanbeoftwotypes,dependingonhowtheassessment/measurementinformationisused:formativeorsummative.”，可知選項(xiàng)D正確，可排除。綜上，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。上文舉了制度層面和單個(gè)學(xué)生等的具體實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明和闡述了總結(jié)性評(píng)估涉及的領(lǐng)域，所以最后一句中的they就是代指上文提到的summativeevaluations。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.主旨題?？v觀(guān)全文，第一段提到了“評(píng)估”的概念和定義，第二段主要講到了評(píng)估的類(lèi)型和影響因素，第四段著重介紹了格式化評(píng)估的方式和特點(diǎn)，最后一段繼續(xù)講到了評(píng)估涉及的方面和領(lǐng)域。所以整篇文章都在圍繞“評(píng)估”這個(gè)中心詞展開(kāi)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.‘It'siniquitous,’theysay,‘thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it’stheconsumerwhopays...’

Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,fromanadvertisement.

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelawswhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities,

Wemustnotforget,cither,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!

Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe‘smallads.’whicharcinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe'hatch,matchanddispatch’columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor'agony'column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!

1.Whatismainideaofthispassage?

2.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersis（）.

3.Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?

5.Thepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Advertisement.

B.Thebenefitsofadvertisement.

C.Advertisersperformausefulservicetocommunities.

D.Thecostsofadvertisement.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.appreciative.

B.trustworthy.

C.critical.

D.dissatisfactory.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseadvertisersoftenbrag.

B.Becausecriticsthinkadvertisementisa“wasteofmoney”.

C.Becausecustomersareencouragedtobuymorethannecessary.

D.Becausecustomerspaymore.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advertisementmakescontributiontoourpocketsandwemayknoweverything.

B.Wecanbuywhatwewant.

C.Goodqualityproductsdon’tneedtobeadvertised.

D.Advertisementmakesourlifecolorful.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Narration.

B.Description.

C.Criticism.

D.Argumentation.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在第一段引出廣告這個(gè)話(huà)題，接著在接下來(lái)的段落從不同的角度講述了廣告給人們帶來(lái)的便利，表面上看似乎是在講廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但實(shí)際上是在講述廣告服務(wù)于社會(huì)的功能，而且第一段實(shí)際上也有提到廣告的缺點(diǎn)，不全是在講述廣告的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)C更為恰當(dāng)。

2.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)appreciative“贊賞的”；B選項(xiàng)trustworthy“信任的”；C選項(xiàng)critical“批評(píng)的”；D選項(xiàng)dissatisfactory“不滿(mǎn)意的”。根據(jù)原文可知，作者所提到的大多是廣告積極的一面，說(shuō)明作者對(duì)其的態(tài)度是贊賞的，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B“信任的”有點(diǎn)言過(guò)其實(shí)，畢竟作者在第一段也提及了廣告的缺點(diǎn)，所以談不上信任依賴(lài)，選B不正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的一、二句“Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.廣告商往往好高騖遠(yuǎn)，也許這就是他們總是招致批評(píng)的原因。批評(píng)者似乎對(duì)他們（廣告商）很氣憤，因?yàn)樗麄兩糜谧晕彝其N(xiāo)，而且有很多錢(qián)可以用來(lái)?yè)]霍?！庇纱丝芍?，批評(píng)者批評(píng)廣告商是因?yàn)閺V告商喜歡吹噓，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“advertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.廣告為我們的口袋做出了積極的貢獻(xiàn)。”可知，選項(xiàng)A正確；第二段提及“廣告可以提供信息，我們對(duì)家庭用品的了解很大程度上來(lái)自我們讀到的廣告”，也就是說(shuō)我們可以買(mǎi)到自己想買(mǎi)的東西，所以選項(xiàng)B正確；選項(xiàng)C“高品質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品不需要廣告”在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D“廣告使我們的生活多姿多彩”，在原文第三段的時(shí)候提及，符合原文。所以本題選C。

5.判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)Narration“敘事”；B選項(xiàng)Description“描寫(xiě)”；C選項(xiàng)Criticism“批判”；D選項(xiàng)Argumentation“議論”。文章首段就是對(duì)廣告的批評(píng)，后面再通過(guò)對(duì)比的手法說(shuō)明廣告的功能，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

12.單選題

Healwaystakesprideinhiswork.Heisvery______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.humble

B.devoted

C.respective

D.formal

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)humble“謙遜的，虛心的”；B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的”；C選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；D選項(xiàng)formal“適合正式場(chǎng)合的；正規(guī)的”。句意：他總是為自己的工作感到自豪。他非常______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是他很投入于自己的工作，為自己的工作感到自豪，B選項(xiàng)devoted“忠誠(chéng)的，全心全意的”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Wecouldn'treallyaffordtobuyahousesowegotitonhirepurchaseandpaidmonthly（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.investments

B.requirements

C.arrangements

D.installments

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。investments“投資”；requirements“要求，必需品”；arrangements“安排”；installments“分期付款”。句意：我們實(shí)在買(mǎi)不起房子，所以我們以分期付款的方式買(mǎi)房，然后按月付款。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Wemustensurearationalproportionbetween（）andconsumption.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conformation

B.acceleration

C.coordination

D.accumulation

【答案】D

【解析】conformation構(gòu)造,一致；acceleration加速,促進(jìn)；coordination協(xié)調(diào),對(duì)等；accumulation積聚,累積。根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)填入consumption的反義詞,只有選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Modernliberalopinionissensitivetoproblemsofrestrictionoffreedomandabuseofpower.Indeed,manyholdthatamancanbeinjuredonlybyviolatinghiswill,butthisviewismuchtoonarrow.Itfailstorecognizethegreatdangersweshallfaceintheusesofbiomedicaltechnologythatstemfromanexcessoffreedom,fromtheunrestrainedexerciseofwill.Inmyview,ourgreatestproblemswillbevoluntaryself-degradation,orwillingdehumanization,astheunintendedyetofteninescapableconsequenceofsternlyandsuccessfullypursuingourhumanizationgoals.

Certaindesiresandperfectedmedicaltechnologieshavealreadyhadsomedehumanizingconsequences.Improvedmethodsofresuscitation(復(fù)蘇)effortstosavetheseverelyillandinjured.Yettheseeffortsaresometimesonlypartlysuccessful.Theysucceedinrescuingindividualsbutthoseindividualsmayhaveseverebraindamageandbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetatingexistence.Suchpatientsfoundwithincreasingfrequencyintheintensivecareunitsofuniversityhospitals,havebeendeniedadeathwithdignity.Familiesareforcedtosufferseeingtheirbelovedonessoreducedandaremadetobeartheburdenofaprolonged“deathwatch”.

Eventheordinarymethodsoftreatingdiseaseandprolonginglifehavechangedthecontextinwhichmendie.Fewerandfewerpeopledieinthefamiliarsurroundingsofhomeorinthecompanyoffamilyandfriends.Atthattimeoflifewhenthereisperhapsthegreatestneedforhumanwarmthandcomfort,thedyingpatientiskeptcompanybycardiacpacemakersanddefibrillators,respiratorsaspirators,oxygenators,cathetersandhisintravenousdrip.Tiestothecommunityofmenarereplacedbyattachmentstoanassemblageofmachines.

Thisloneliness,however,isnotconfinedtothedyingpatientinthehospitalbed.Considertheincreasingnumberofoldpeoplestillalivethankstomedicalprogress.Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersofoursociety.Notyetreadyfortheworldofthedead,notdeemedfitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshuntedaside.Moreandmoreofthemspendfortheextrayearsmedicinehasgiventhemin“homesforseniorcitizens”,inhospitalsforchronicdiseases,andinnursinghome—waitingfortheend.Wehavelearnedhowtoincreasetheiryears,butwehavenotlearnedhowtohelpthemenjoytheirdays.Yetwecontinuetobravelyandsternlypushbackthefrontieragainstdeath.

1.Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,biomedicaltechnology（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtoparagraph2?

4.Bysaying“theyareshuntedaside”(lines3,para.4),theauthormeans（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemofrestrictionoffreedom.

B.Thepossibledehumanizingconsequenceofmedicaltechnology.

C.Thedevelopmentofbiomedicaltechnology.

D.Thesignificanceofprolonginghuman’slife.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.resultsinanexcessiveuseoffreedoms

B.bringslittlebenefits