考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南華大學(xué)船山學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南華大學(xué)船山學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對(duì)的”；B選項(xiàng)maximum“最多的；最大極限的”；C選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的；被強(qiáng)迫的；不舒服的”；D選項(xiàng)serene“平靜的；晴朗的”。句意：在這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)來(lái)臨之前，我們?nèi)釒Ш┒燃賱俚氐亩燃偈欠浅Ｆ届o的。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義，D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hethinksaboutnothingbutplaybilliard.He'scompletelyaddictedtoit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascribedto

B.hookedupto

C.indulgedin

D.tendedto

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他只想著打臺(tái)球，完全沉迷其中。addictedto意為“沉迷于……”。ascribedto歸因于；hookedupto連接到；indulgedin沉溺于；tendedto傾向于。選項(xiàng)C與之意思最為相近。

3.單選題

Thecaptainoften（

）responsibilitytohissubordinates,soastohavetimetodotheimportanttaskshimself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.analyzed

B.respected

C.criticized

D.assigned

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。analyze“分析，解釋”；respect“尊敬，尊重”；criticize“批評(píng)”；assign“分派，選派，分配”；根據(jù)句意‘船長(zhǎng)經(jīng)常將任務(wù)（

）下屬，以便自己有時(shí)間去做更重要的工作?！_定D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

MuchoftheAmericananxietyaboutoldageisaflightfromtherealityofdeath.OneofthestrikingqualitiesoftheAmericancharacteristheunwillingnesstofaceeitherthefactormeaningofdeath,inthemoresombertraditionofAmericanliterature—fromHawthorneandMelvilleandPoetoFaulknarandHemingway?—onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurfacethinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.Byaneffortoftheimagination,thegreatwritersfacedproblemswhichthecultureinactionisreluctanttofacethefactofdeath,itsmystery,anditsplaceintheback-and-forthshuttlingoftheeternalrecurrence.TheunblinkingconfrontationofdeathinGreektimes,theelaboratetheologicalpatternswovenarounditintheMiddleAges,theritualcelebrationofitintherich,peasantculturesofLatinandSlavicEuropeandinprimitivecultures;thesearedifficulttofindinAmericanlife.

Whetherthroughfearoftheemotionaldepths,orbecauseofadryingupofthesluicesofreligiousintensity,theAmericanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencomingtotermswithit;hefindsitmorbidandreeditsfromit,surroundingitwithwordavoidance(Americansneverdie;they"passaway")andvarioustaboosofspeechandpractice.A"Funeralparlor"isdecoratedtolooklikeabank;everythinginafuneralceremonyisdoneinhushedtones,asifitweresomethingfurtive,tobeconcealedfromtheworld;thereissomuchemphasisonbeingdignifiedthattheceremonyoftenloses'itsqualityofdignity.Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandevenunintelligible.Livingisascientificculture.Americanshavealreadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomes,yettheyshowlittlecapacitytocometotermswiththefactofdeathitselfandwiththegriefthataccompaniesit."Wejubilateoverbirthanddanceatweddings,"writesMargaretMead,"butmoreandmorehustlethedeadoffthescenewithoutceremony,withoutanopportunityforyoungandoldtorealizethatdeathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth."And,onemayadd,eveninitshurryandbrevity,thelaststageofanAmerican'slife—thelastoccasionofhisrelationtohissociety—isasstandardizedastherest.

1.InthenovelsofHawthorneandMelville,onewillfind（）.

2.Thewords"passaway"suggestthe（）.

3.UnlikeAmericansociety,someprimitivecultures（）.

4.MargaretMeadsuggeststhat（）.

5.Theword"it"inline2ofparagraph2refersto（）.

6.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinsomeprimitivecultures,（）.

7.Fromthepassage,weteamthatAmericans（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ordinaryAmericandeathattitudes

B.awillingnesstoacceptdeathasafactoflife

C.asuperficialattitudetowarddeath

D.amorbidattitudetothedeaththeme

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.religiousovertonesofdeath

B.indifferencewithwhichmostAmericansregarddeath

C.Americanreluctanttofacetherealityofdeath

D.averageAmericanbeliefinimmortality

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.donotunderstandthecausesofdeath

B.understandthecausesofdeath

C.areunabletocometotermswithdeath

D.haveamorbidattitudetowarddeath

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldsotrejoiceatabirth

B.weshouldcryatabirthandrejoiceatafuneral

C.aweddingshouldbesolemnaffair

D.weshouldacceptbothdeathmidmarriageandbirthasafactoflife

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.fear

B.religiousintegrity

C.dwellingondeath

D.death

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.deathisacceptedhappily

B.deathhasbeentreatedasamystery

C.deathhasbeenbestowedwithrichculturalimplications

D.mentioningofdeathisavoidedinAmericanculture

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.knowscientificallyhowdeathcomesabout

B.treatdeathasamystery

C.acceptdeathsquarely

D.knowmoreaboutdeaththanpeopleinothercountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“HawthorneandMelville”定位到第一段二三句“fromHawthorneandMelville...—onefindsatragicdepththatbeliesthesurfacethinnessoftheordinaryAmericandeathattitudes.”可知,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的一二句可知,美國(guó)人避免糾纏于死亡,甚至避免接受死亡。用回避的字眼代替死亡,比如美國(guó)人永遠(yuǎn)不死,他們是“去世”。說(shuō)明美國(guó)人不愿面對(duì)死亡的現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段中“Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;”可知,選項(xiàng)A與原文描述一致。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MargaretMead”定位到第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“deathisasmuchafactoflifeasisbirth.”MargaretMead認(rèn)為死亡和出生一樣,都是生命的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文“theAmericanavoidsdwellingondeathorevencomingtotermswithit.”美國(guó)人避免對(duì)死亡念念不忘,甚至不愿接受它。由此可知,這里的“it”指的是死亡,選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.根據(jù)第二段“Insomeoftheprimitivecultures,thereisdifficultyinunderstandingthecausesofdeath;itseemspuzzlingandevenunintelligible.”在一些原始文化中,人們很難理解死亡的原因；死亡似乎令人費(fèi)解,甚至難以理解。由此可知,原始文化中,死亡一直被視為一個(gè)謎。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

7.根據(jù)第二段“Americanshavealreadyenoughexplanationofhowitcomes,...”美國(guó)人對(duì)死亡的原因已經(jīng)有了足夠的了解,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。.

5.單選題

Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesfeltintheUnitedStates.AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”(namedafteritsaddressontheFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyoftheleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.

SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanlandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.Comparedwiththeworksoftherealistpainters,theworksofAmericanmodernistsweremuchfurtherremovedfromtheactualappearanceofthecity.Theyweremoreinterestedinthe“feel”ofthecity,moreconcernedwiththemeaningbehindappearance.However,boththepaintersofthe"AshCanSchool"andthelaterrealistswerestilltiedtonineteenthcenturyorearlierstyles,whiletheearlymodernistssharedintheinternationalbreakthroughsoftheartofthetwentiethcentury.

ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutionsincetheRenaissance.InCubismnaturalformswerebrokendownanalyticallyintogeometricshapes.Nolongerwasacleardifferentiationmadebetweenthefigureandthebackgroundofapainting.Theobjectsrepresentedandthesurfaceonwhichtheywerepaintedbecameone.TheCubistsabandonedtheconventionalsinglevantagepointoftheviewer,andobjectsdepictedfrommultipleviewpointswereshownatthesametime.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassageprimarilyconcerned?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasameansthroughwhichAmericanartistslearnedaboutnewmovements?

3.WhydoestheauthormentionAlfredStieglitz?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasamajornewmovementinthetwentieth-centuryart?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwasafavoritesubjectforAmericanmodernists?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedevelopmentofCubism.

B.ModemartmovementsintheUnitedStates.

C.ContemporaryartistsintheUnitedStates.

D.Theinfluenceofphotographyonlandscapepainters.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lessonsfromsuccessfulartists

B.Theexhibitionsatthegallery"291"

C.TripstoEurope

D.TheArmoryShowof1913

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Todemonstratethatphotographywasthemajorinfluenceinmodemart.

B.Tocomparehimtootherartistsofthetime.

C.Topointoutthatmanyartistslearnedtheircraftbystudyingwithhim.

D.Togiveanexampleofsomeonewhohadaninfluenceonmodernart.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Renaissance

B.Cubism

C.Therationaltradition.

D.Impressionism.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Portraitsoffamouspeople

B.Countryscenes

C.Citylandscapes

D.Picturesofbuildings’interiors

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了20世紀(jì)的美國(guó)藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“立體派的發(fā)展”主要體現(xiàn)在第三段中；文章沒(méi)有講當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家，故C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)代美國(guó)藝術(shù)家”不正確；D選項(xiàng)“攝影對(duì)風(fēng)景畫(huà)家的影響”在第二段中稍有提及，過(guò)于片面。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswasthesensationalArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork（美國(guó)藝術(shù)家在巴黎之行和攝影家AlfredStieglitz的著名紐約畫(huà)廊291的展覽中熟悉了新的藝術(shù)。但是在美國(guó)現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)傳播中最重要的是1913年在紐約舉行的轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的軍械庫(kù)展覽）可知美國(guó)藝術(shù)家通過(guò)巴黎之行、291畫(huà)廊展覽和1913年的軍械庫(kù)展覽了解運(yùn)動(dòng)，只有A選項(xiàng)“成功藝術(shù)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)”沒(méi)有提及，因此選A。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的AmericanartistsbecameacquaintedwiththenewartontheirtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery"291”ofthephotographerAlfredStieglitz.（美國(guó)藝術(shù)家在巴黎之行和攝影家AlfredStieglitz的著名紐約畫(huà)廊291的展覽中熟悉了新的藝術(shù)）可知此處是列舉幾個(gè)隊(duì)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)有影響的例子，因此選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的ThegreatestofthesebreakthroughswasCubism,developedmostfullyinFrancebetween1907and1914,whichbroughtaboutamajorrevolutionsincetheRenaissance.（其中最大的突破是1907年至1914年在法國(guó)發(fā)展充分的立體派，這引發(fā)了文藝復(fù)興以來(lái)的一場(chǎng)重大革命）可知選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的SeveraloftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundtheurbanlandscape,especiallyNewYork,anappealingsubject.（幾個(gè)受軍械展影響的美國(guó)現(xiàn)代主義者發(fā)現(xiàn)了城市景觀(guān)是一個(gè)非常吸引人的話(huà)題，尤其是紐約）可知選C。

6.單選題

______humanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesin______liferepeatthemselvesin______literature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A./,/,the

B./,the,/

C.The,/,/

D.The,the,the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠詞的用法。Problems前面有human作定語(yǔ)，可不用定冠詞。固定短語(yǔ)inlife中不需要加入定冠詞。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

8.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ToX-rayhischest.

B.Tohospitalizehim.

C.Toperformaminorsurgery.

D.Totransferhimtoaspecialist.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whathappened?

M:Iwasinafightandgotmyheadhurt.

W:Wereyouknockedout?

M:No.

W:IwantyoutogoforanX-ray.Andcomebacktome.You’llneedsomestitchesforthatwound.

Q:Whatisthedoctorgoingtodofortheman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生告訴男士先去做X光，回來(lái)后傷口需要縫針。

8.單選題

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.careless不仔細(xì)的，粗心的（沒(méi)有足夠的關(guān)注和思考）B.doubtful不確定的，懷疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless沒(méi)用的，無(wú)價(jià)值的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】sloppy的意思為“馬虎的，草率的（缺乏關(guān)心、思考或努力）”，在這里指研究的樣本太小，這樣的研究非常隨意，欠缺考慮，careless與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】憤怒的工程師們質(zhì)疑這項(xiàng)研究中小樣本的統(tǒng)計(jì)意義，并將其貼上草率的標(biāo)簽。

9.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我們將高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏(yíng)的旗幟，維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益。我們將加強(qiáng)與各主要大國(guó)協(xié)調(diào)合作，建設(shè)良性互動(dòng)、合作共贏(yíng)的大國(guó)關(guān)系。中國(guó)愿與國(guó)際社會(huì)一道，為人類(lèi)和平與發(fā)展事業(yè)不懈努力！

【答案】Wewillholdhighthebannerofpeace,development,cooperationandmutualbenefitandsafeguardnationalsovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests.Wewillstrengthencoordinationandcooperationwithmajorpowerstobuildamajorpowerrelationshipfeaturingbenigninteractionandwin-wincooperation.Chinaisreadytoworktirelesslywiththeinternationalcommunityforthecauseofpeaceanddevelopmentofmankind!

10.單選題

10.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.100.

B.232.

C.132.

D.332.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Thereareonly100passengersonthisairplane.

W:Thatleaves132emptyseats.

Q:Howmanyseatsarethereonthisairplane?

【解析】計(jì)算題。男士說(shuō)飛機(jī)上現(xiàn)有乘客100個(gè)，女士說(shuō)還有132個(gè)空位。因此飛機(jī)總共可以容納232個(gè)乘客。

11.單選題

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（）theactiononthescreen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contaminate“污染，弄臟”；compliment“恭維，稱(chēng)贊”；contemplate“沉思，注視”；complement“補(bǔ)足，補(bǔ)助”。句意：電影導(dǎo)演運(yùn)用音樂(lè)去補(bǔ)充屏幕上的動(dòng)作。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incident

B.accident

C.thing

D.matter

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)incidentn.事件，事變，插曲；B選項(xiàng)accidentn.事故，意外；C選項(xiàng)thingn.事情，東西，情況；D選項(xiàng)mattern.物質(zhì)，原因。句意：酒吧里那件令人尷尬的事讓他們非常失望，這為英國(guó)人的好客樹(shù)立了一個(gè)不好的典范。因此，正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPINs(personalidentificationnumbers)guardaccesstonumerousregularoperations.

Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?

Therearebasicguidelinestobearinmind.Don’tuseasapasswordyournameorthatofamemberofyourfamily,eveninmodifiedform.Alsoavoidusingyourtelephonenumber,yourSocialSecuritynumber,oryouraddress.Suchinformationcaneasilybeobtainedbyadeterminedhacker.

Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.Arelativelysimplecomputerprogramcancracksuchacodequickly.Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.

So,whatkindsofpasswordsshouldbeused?Usuallyonesthathaveaminimumofsixtoeightcharactersandthathaveamixtureofupper-andlower-caseletters,digitandpunctuationsymbols.Howdifficultisittocracksuchacombinationofcharacters?Onesourcesays,“Amachinethatcouldtryonemillionpasswordspersecondwouldrequire,ontheaverage,overonehundredyears.”

Howcanyouchooseacombinationthatiseasytoremember?Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.Forexample,“tobeornotbe”couldbecome“2B/not2B.”

Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter,suchas“High?Bug”or“Song;Tree”.

Takingintoaccountthesuggestionsoutlinedabovecanhelpyoutoprotectimportantinformationfromunwantedhackers.Remember,too,theimportanceofchangingyourpasswordsregularly.Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whyshouldn’tweuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionaryasapassword?

3.Ifyouarechoosingapasswordforyourcomputer,whichofthefollowingisthebestchoice?

4.Howcanyouchooseapasswordthatisbothsecureandsimpletoremember?

5.Theword“Given”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtostrengthensecuritythroughapassword.

B.Howtochooseapasswordthatiseasytoremember.

C.Howtopreventyourpasswordfrombeingcracked.

D.Howtochooseasafeandconvenientpassword.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitcanbeeasilyrememberedbyacomputerhacker.

B.Becausecomputerprogramscancrackit.

C.Becausecomputerhackersaredeterminedtocrackit.

D.Becausethelistsaresohugethatthewordsarenoteasytoremember.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.iaHgnahs

B.19730508

C.2B/not2B

D.Re-B,pl2

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Takingthetitleofyourfavoritebookorfilm.

B.Takingalinefromasongorpoemyoulikebest.

C.Makingupanonsensicalwordwhichcannotbefoundinanydictionary.

D.Usingtwoshortwordslinkedwithapunctuationcharacter.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Fixed

B.Granted

C.Supposed

D.Presented

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干：這篇文章的主旨是？這文章全文是關(guān)于“密碼”。文章第一段就出現(xiàn)了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何選擇既安全又簡(jiǎn)單易記的密碼。后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做出了回答，所以選項(xiàng)D“如何選擇一個(gè)安全方便的密碼”正確。A選項(xiàng)“如何通過(guò)密碼加強(qiáng)安全性”，是文章第五段的主要內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“如何選擇一個(gè)容易記住的密碼”，是文章第六段的主要內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“如何防止你的密碼被破解”，是文章第三，四段的主要內(nèi)容。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么我們不能用一個(gè)在任何字典里都能找到的詞作為密碼呢?由題干定位到第四段第三、四、五句話(huà)Finally,donotuseawordthatcanbefoundinanydictionary,evenaforeign-languageone.Hugelistsareavailablethatcontainwords,placenames,andpropernamesfromalllanguages.Programscantestforvariationsofthesewords,suchasiftheyarespelledbackward,capitalized,orcombined.（最后，不要使用任何詞典中都能找到的詞，即使是外語(yǔ)詞典。巨大的列表是可用的，包含單詞，地名，和來(lái)自所有的語(yǔ)言的專(zhuān)有名稱(chēng)。比較簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算機(jī)程序能夠很快地破譯這類(lèi)密碼，比如它們是倒寫(xiě)、大寫(xiě)還是組合。），所以本題B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橛?jì)算機(jī)程序可以破解它”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)殡娔X黑客很容易記住它”，是因?yàn)槿菀妆黄平馑圆荒苡茫](méi)有提到是否容易記憶，A選項(xiàng)排除。C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)殡娔X黑客會(huì)下定決心破解它”，文章提到是有程序可以破解，而不是黑客會(huì)下決心破解，所以C選項(xiàng)不符合題意。D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)閱卧~表是如此之大以至于單詞不容易記住”，在文中并沒(méi)有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。如果你正在為你的電腦選擇一個(gè)密碼，以下哪個(gè)是最好的選擇?根據(jù)第四段第一句話(huà)Inaddition,ifpossible,don’tusepasswordsmadeupentirelyoflettersordigits.（另外，如果可能的話(huà)，不要使用完全由字母或數(shù)字組成的密碼。），可排除A和B選項(xiàng)。這篇文章的最后一句講到Justafinalcomment:Whateverpasswordsyoudecidetouse,don’tpickanyoftheexamplesgivenabove.（無(wú)論你決定選擇什么密碼，不要采用上面提到的任何一個(gè)例子。），而C選項(xiàng)正是文章所給的例子，所以排除。所以只有D選項(xiàng)，有不同種類(lèi)的符號(hào)、數(shù)字、橫線(xiàn)等的組合，才是最好的選擇。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：如何選擇既安全又容易記憶的密碼呢？根據(jù)文章第七段Othersuggestionsincludetakingtwoshortwordsandlinkthemwithapunctuationcharacter（還有建議就是使用兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的單詞，并用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將它們連接起來(lái)），可知D選項(xiàng)“用兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的單詞連上一個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)”，符合題意。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句Somesuggestthatyoutakethetitleofafavoritebookorfilmoralinefromasongorpoemandusethefirstletterfromeachwordasyourpassword,addingcapitalletters,punctuation,orothercharacters.（有人建議你用最喜歡的書(shū)或電影的標(biāo)題，或一首歌曲或一首詩(shī)的臺(tái)詞，把每個(gè)單詞的首字母作為你的密碼，加上大寫(xiě)字母、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或其他字符。），可知，A選項(xiàng)“選你最喜歡的書(shū)或電影的名字”和B選項(xiàng)“從你最喜歡的歌或詩(shī)中選取一句”，都不全面，選擇書(shū)或者電影名字會(huì)容易被程序破解，所以B，C都不正確。C選項(xiàng)“編了一個(gè)在任何字典里都找不到的無(wú)意義的詞”，隨便編出來(lái)的沒(méi)有意義的詞會(huì)很容易忘記，所以C選項(xiàng)排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干：第二段的“Given”，可以由單詞________替代。由題干定位到第二段Itisestimatedthatwithintenyears,consumerscouldbefacedwithhandlingmorethan100passwords!Giventhepopularityofpasswords,howcanyouchooseonesthataresufficientlycomplicatedtobesecureyetaresimpleenoughtoremember?（據(jù)估計(jì)，在10年內(nèi)，消費(fèi)者可能要處理100多個(gè)密碼！考慮到密碼的流行，你如何選擇一個(gè)足夠復(fù)雜的安全而又足夠簡(jiǎn)單的記憶密碼呢?），A選項(xiàng)“確定，固定”，B選項(xiàng)“授予，允許”，C選項(xiàng)“假定，設(shè)想”，D選項(xiàng)“提出，提供”。文章是對(duì)10年后情況的推測(cè)，所以應(yīng)該選擇C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Hewatchedamazedateightsquirrelsthatwalked（

）downthebank,andmadeforalargepinetreeatthebottom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inprofile

B.inarow

C.insinglefile

D.allalongtheline

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inprofile意為“從側(cè)面看”；inarow意為“一連，成一行，接連”；insinglefile意為“成縱隊(duì)，成單列”；allalongtheline意為“到處，在全線(xiàn)上”。

句意：他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著八只松鼠沿著河邊成單列向河端的一棵大松樹(shù)走去。

15.單選題

Picture-takingisatechniquebothforannexingtheobjectiveworldandforexpressingthesingularself.Photographsdepictobjectiverealitiesthatalreadyexist,thoughonlythecameracandisclosethem.Andtheydepictanindividualphotographer’stemperament,discoveringitselfthroughthecamera’scroppingofreality.Thatis,photographyhastwoantitheticalideals:inthefirst,photographyisabouttheworldandthephotographerisamereobserverwhocountsforlittle;butinthesecond,photographyistheinstrumentofintrepid,questingsubjectivityandthephotographerisall.

Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentin“taking”apicture.Accordingly,theidealofaphotographerasanobserverisattractivebecauseitimplicitlydeniesthatpicture-takingisanaggressiveact.Theissue,ofcourse,isnotsoclear-cut.Whatphotographersdocannotbecharacterizedassimplypredatoryorassimply,andessentially,benevolent.Asaconsequence,oneidealofpicture-takingortheotherisalwaysbeingrediscoveredandchampioned.

Animportantresultofthecoexistenceofthesetwoidealsisarecurrentambivalencetowardphotography’smeans.Whatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightmaketobeaformofpersonalexpressiononaparwithpainting,itsoriginalityisinextricablylinkedtothepowersofamachine.Thesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke.Butascamerasbecomemoresophisticated,moreautomated,somephotographersaretemptedtodisarmthemselvesortosuggestthattheyarenotreallyarmed,preferringtosubmitthemselvestothelimitsimposedbypremoderncameratechnologybecauseacruder,lesshigh-poweredmachineisthoughttogivemoreinterestingoremotiveresults,toleavemoreroomforcreativeaccident.Forexample,ithasbeenvirtuallyapointofhonorformanyphotographers,includingWalkerEvansandCartierBresson,torefusetousemodernequipment.Thesephotographershavecometodoubtthevalueofthecameraasaninstrumentof“fastseeing”.CartierBresson,infact,claimsthatthemoderncameramayseetoofast.

Thisambivalencetowardphotographicmeansdeterminestrendsintaste.Thecultofthefuture(offasterandfasterseeing)alternatesovertimewiththewishtoreturntoapurerpast—whenimageshadahandmadequality.Thisnostalgiaforsomepristinestateofthephotographicenterpriseiscurrentlywidespreadandunderliesthepresent-dayenthusiasmfordaguerreotypesandthewokofforgottennineteenth-centuryprovincialphotographers.Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness.

1.Accordingtothepassage,interestamongphotographersineachofphotography’stwoidealscanbedescribedas（）

2.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（）

3.TheauthormentionstheworkofHaroldEdgertoninordertoprovideanexampleof（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,thetwoantitheticalidealsofphotographydifferprimarilyinthe

（）

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbemostlikelytobegintheparagraphimmediatelyfollow-ingthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapidlychanging

B.cyclicallyrecurring

C.steadilygrowing

D.unimportanttotheviewersofphotographs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.establishingnewtechnicalstandardsforcontemporaryphotography

B.analyzingtheinfluenceofphotographicidealsonpicture-taking

C.tracingthedevelopmentofcameratechnologyinthetwentiethcentury

D.describinghowphotographers’individualtemperamentsarereflectedintheirwork

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.howacontrolledambivalencetowardphotography’smeanscanproduceoutstandingpictures

B.howthecontentofphotographshaschangedfromthenineteenthcenturytothetwentieth

C.thepopularityofhigh-speedphotographyinthetwentiethcentury

D.therelationshipbetweenphotographicoriginalityandtechnology

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.valuethateachplacesonthebeautyofthefinishedproduct

B.emphasisthateachplacesontheemotionalimpactofthefinishedproduct

C.degreeoftechnicalknowledgethateachrequiresofthephotographer

D.wayinwhicheachdefinestheroleofthephotographer

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Photographers,asaresultoftheirheightenedawarenessoftime,areconstantlytryingtocap-tureeventsandactionsthatarefleeting.

B.Thusthecultofthefuture,theworshipofmachinesandspeed,isfirmlyestablishedinspiteofeffortstothecontrarybysomephotographers.

C.Therejectionoftechnicalknowledge,however,canneverbecompleteandphotographycan-notforanylengthoftimepretendthatithasnoweapons.

D.Thepointofhonorinvolvedinrejectingcomplexequipmentis,however,ofnosignificancetotheviewerofaphotograph.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.第二段最后一句提到兩種理想拍照方式中總會(huì)有一種在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)并占主要地位。所以說(shuō)拍攝者的興趣在兩種理想模式間是循環(huán)往復(fù)的，故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者最后說(shuō)明了兩種拍照理念對(duì)于攝影發(fā)展的影響。所以B項(xiàng)“分析拍攝理念對(duì)于攝影的影響”符合文意，B項(xiàng)正確。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段：WhatevertheclaimsthatphotographymightThesteadygrowthofthesepowershasmadepossibletheextraordinaryinformativenessandimaginativeformalbeautyofmanyphotographs,likeHaroldEdgerton’shigh-speedphotographsofabullethittingitstargetoroftheswirlsandeddiesofatennisstroke”。作者以HaroldEdgerton為例，說(shuō)明了攝影師和機(jī)器設(shè)備之間的關(guān)系。D項(xiàng)正確。

4.第二段第一句話(huà):“Theseconflictingidealsarisefromafundamentaluneasinessonthepartofbothphotographersandviewersofphotographstowardtheaggressivecomponentintakingapicture.”。這兩種對(duì)立的觀(guān)念主要在于攝影師和旁觀(guān)者在攝影時(shí)是否扮演著積極的角色。D項(xiàng)正確。

5.題干問(wèn)的是“文章接下來(lái)將會(huì)討論什么？”最后一句話(huà)為：Photographersandviewersofphotographs,itseems,needperiodicallytoresisttheirownknowingness（攝影師和旁觀(guān)者似乎需要質(zhì)疑自己對(duì)攝影的認(rèn)知）。由此可推測(cè)，文章接下來(lái)將會(huì)繼續(xù)講解與拍照認(rèn)知有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。所以C項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Oneoftherequirementsforthemasterdegreeisthatstudents（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oughttopassoraldefense

B.passoraldefense

C.needpassoraldefense

D.aretopassoraldefense

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。如果句子主語(yǔ)是requirement,suggestion,advice,order等詞，后面的表語(yǔ)從句中要用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。這里should可以省略，句意為，對(duì)于碩士學(xué)位的要求之一是：學(xué)生應(yīng)該通過(guò)論文答辯。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，B最符合題意。

17.單選題

（）theexceptionofinstitutionscontrolledbychurch,municipalorprivatecorporations.LatinAmericanuniversitiesareregulatedbyfederallaws.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.By

B.For

C.With

D.To

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)By“由；被；通過(guò)”；B選項(xiàng)For“給；對(duì)；為了”；C選項(xiàng)With“和；隨著”；D選項(xiàng)To“朝；位于……”。句意：……由教會(huì)、市政或私人公司控制的機(jī)構(gòu)的例外，拉丁美洲的大學(xué)由聯(lián)邦法律管理。根據(jù)句意可知，這里填入C選項(xiàng)符合句意，表示除了……。因此答案為C選項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

（）wehadnotmadeanymistakesin

thecalculations!

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Butfor

B.Ifonly

C.Let

D.Without

【答案】B

【解析】句意：要是我們的計(jì)算沒(méi)有出錯(cuò)就好了！

Ifonly此處指要是……就好了,表達(dá)愿望。butfor指要不是。

19.單選題

Frenchareelegantpeople.Theyareartistsineverydaylife,havingaverygoodtasteineverything.Theydon'tlikeAmericantouristswearingjeanstogointotheirluxuriousandexquisitefive-starrestaurants.Sooneoftherestaurantsputanoticeoutsideitsfrontdoor.Itread“Notrousers,please!”

AgourmetcoffeewassoldinTokyoasanantidotetostress.Itsnamesupposedlymeanttopeoplethatitwouldsmooththetroubledbreast.YetwhenitwasprintedinEnglish,itturnedouttobe“EaseYourBosoms”.

SwedesstartedapromotionstunttopromotethesalesoftheirvacuumcleanernamedElectro.Theiroriginaladsloganwastranslatedas“NothingsucksLikeElectro”.

TheGeneralMotors'sellingofChevroletwasverybadinSouthAmerica.Andthereason?Thetranslationofthisbrandsoundslike“nova”,whichmeans“Itdoesn'tgo”inSpanish.

WhenPepsi-colainvadedthehugeChineseandGermanmarkets,theeffortsinitiallyfizzled.Theproduct'sslogan,“ComealivewiththePepsigeneration,”w