考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽揚(yáng)子職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽揚(yáng)子職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指任何故事或普通生活都無(wú)法與之相匹敵。選項(xiàng)C與劃線部分意思最為接近。

2.單選題

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hiswifehasjustpassedaway.

B.Hiswifeisunconscious.

C.Hesuffersfromshortnessofbreath.

D.Hesuffersfromdepression.

【答案】B

【解析】1.M:Ineedadoctorrightnow.

W:Tellmetheproblem,sir.

M:Mywifejustpassedout.

W:Sir,It’sdifficulttounderstandyou.Pleasetakeadeepbreathandcalmdown.

Q:Whydoesthemanmakethecall?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這個(gè)男子為什么打這通電話？由文中“Mywifejustpassedout.（我妻子暈過去了）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“Hiswifeisunconscious.（他的妻子失去意識(shí)了）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“我的妻子剛剛?cè)ナ懒恕?；C選項(xiàng)“他呼吸急促”；D選項(xiàng)“他患有抑郁癥”不符合原文。

3.單選題

8.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inthegym.

B.Intheoffice.

C.Intheclinic.

D.Intheboat.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ok,everythinglooksship-shape.

W:Great!WhenshouldIcomeagainforaphysical?

Q:Wheredidthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推斷題。女士問何時(shí)來(lái)復(fù)查，由此推斷對(duì)話場(chǎng)景應(yīng)為醫(yī)院。

4.單選題

Thepatient'sprogresswasveryencouragingashecould（）getoutofbedwithouthelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nearly

B.hardly

C.merely

D.barely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)nearly表示“差不多，幾乎”，B選項(xiàng)hardly表示“幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不，剛剛”，C選項(xiàng)merely表示“僅僅，只不過，只是”，D選項(xiàng)barely表示“僅僅，勉強(qiáng)，幾乎不，貧乏的”。根據(jù)句意“這位病人的進(jìn)步讓人興奮”可知，病人可以不需要?jiǎng)e人幫忙就能下床走路，空缺處單詞應(yīng)表示肯定。因此，只有A選項(xiàng)最符合原文語(yǔ)境，故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)______ofwordswhicharecomparativeseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.multitude

D.attitude

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)altitude“高地；高度；頂垂線；高級(jí)；海拔”；B選項(xiàng)latitude“緯度；界限；活動(dòng)范圍”；C選項(xiàng)multitude“大量，多數(shù)；群眾，人群”；D選項(xiàng)attitude“態(tài)度；看法；意見；姿勢(shì)”。根據(jù)固定搭配amultitudeof“大批的，眾多的；大量的；一大批”可知句意為：英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言還有很多相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)很少被使用在我們的日常談話中的單詞。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

ThephysicaldevastationcausedbytheCivilWar,thefreeingoftheslaves,andthechaosoftheReconstructionerahadruinouseffectsonMississippi’seconomy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impact

B.disorder

C.offence

D.folly

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.impact巨大影響，強(qiáng)大作用B.disorder雜亂，混亂

C.offence犯罪，罪行D.folly愚笨，愚蠢的想法（或事情、行為）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】chaos的意思為“混亂，雜亂”，指的是重建時(shí)期的混亂，disorder與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)造成的物質(zhì)破壞，奴隸解放和重建時(shí)期的混亂給密西西比的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)了毀滅性的影響。

7.單選題

Theindustrialcommunityshouldbecloseenoughtothecrowdedcentersbutdistantenoughtoreduce（）hazards.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feasible

B.active

C.substantial

D.potential

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feasible“可行的；可能的;”；B選項(xiàng)active“積極的；活躍的”；C選項(xiàng)substantial“大量的；實(shí)質(zhì)的”；D選項(xiàng)potential“潛在的，可能的”。句意:工業(yè)區(qū)應(yīng)該離擁擠的中心足夠近，但要足夠遠(yuǎn)，以減少潛在的危險(xiǎn)。所選之詞應(yīng)修飾hazards(危險(xiǎn))，而且其意應(yīng)為“潛在的或可能發(fā)生的”危險(xiǎn)。故選D。

8.單選題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch"“captive”"shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.Itisatheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail."“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace”"asksMar-tinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehiswitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Whoisgoingtopayfortherestofthebill.Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

1.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause___________.

2.Whatismanycaptiveshippersattitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that___________.

4Theword"“arbiters”"mostprobablyreferstothose___________.

5.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby___________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Indifferent

B.Supportive

C.Indignant

D.Apprehensive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是支持并購(gòu)的人為什么認(rèn)為鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)不會(huì)形成壟斷。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“支持者，合并，不可能”可以定位到第二段。支持者認(rèn)為“Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.”意思是因?yàn)橐涂ㄜ嚫?jìng)爭(zhēng)，所以不存在壟斷的可能。”因此C最符合文章原意。A不對(duì)，文章說(shuō)支持者認(rèn)為合并能降低成本，而不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)降低成本。B不對(duì)是因?yàn)槲闹兄皇钦f(shuō)可以更好協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)，而不是跨行業(yè)。D把主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)弄反了，而且也不是支持者的觀點(diǎn)，所以也是錯(cuò)誤的。因此，答案為C。

2.【試題解析】：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問的是許多受控制的托運(yùn)商對(duì)鐵路合并的態(tài)度是什么。注意問的不是作者的態(tài)度,，是貨主的態(tài)度,，根據(jù)文中第三段由于鐵路運(yùn)輸業(yè)之間的合并使得發(fā)貨商只能求助于一家公司，他們所付的運(yùn)費(fèi)要高出20%～30%，如果他們覺得收費(fèi)過高，他們有權(quán)提出申訴要求降低費(fèi)率，但這一過程既昂貴又耗時(shí)而且只有在真正極端的情況下才有效果；根據(jù)第五段首句“Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases．”根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞worry一詞，可得發(fā)貨商對(duì)于繼續(xù)增加費(fèi)用的擔(dān)憂。所以發(fā)貨商對(duì)于鐵路運(yùn)輸業(yè)的合并是“充滿擔(dān)憂的”，而選項(xiàng)A“漠不關(guān)心的”，以及選項(xiàng)B“支持的”和選項(xiàng)C“義憤的”原文中并沒有提及。因此，答案為D。

3.【試題解析】：判斷推理題。A的意思是說(shuō)沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的鐵路運(yùn)輸公司，運(yùn)輸公司的費(fèi)用會(huì)少一些。根據(jù)原文第三段第二句“Railroadstypicallychargesuch"‘captive’"shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.”可知，費(fèi)用是高了百分之二十到三十，而不是少了些。根據(jù)文中第三段首句，大多數(shù)托運(yùn)商將由一家公司服務(wù)，但B答案是說(shuō)只剩下一家公司，意義完全不同。C答案根據(jù)原文第三段可知，貨主們?nèi)绻J(rèn)為鐵路公司收費(fèi)過高，可以向聯(lián)邦政府的機(jī)構(gòu)申請(qǐng)降低費(fèi)率。但是申訴的過程耗時(shí)費(fèi)錢，可以推斷出他們提出申訴的可能性比較小。D答案是說(shuō)政府可以保證鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)的公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，文中并沒有提及，屬于無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)。因此，答案為C。

4.【試題解析】:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。arbiter的意思是“仲裁者”，詞義題一般可以根據(jù)其上下文推斷出來(lái)其含義，根據(jù)這個(gè)單詞定位到原文的第四段的“Doyoureallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”“Itisatheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.”由此，可以得出“arbiter”的意思是能夠決定成敗，決定輸贏的一個(gè)職位，即選項(xiàng)B最符合題意。

5.【試題解析】：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是鐵路成本提高的主要原因，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“costincrease”，定位到原文中的最后一段的第一句話，可得知許多“受制”托運(yùn)商擔(dān)心他們很快將遭遇一輪新的費(fèi)率大漲價(jià)。目前的鐵路公司所賺的錢不足以支付為滿足不斷增長(zhǎng)的運(yùn)輸需要而進(jìn)行的固定資產(chǎn)投資，然而鐵路公司仍然繼續(xù)貸款數(shù)十億美元來(lái)進(jìn)行收購(gòu)。因此，鐵路的經(jīng)營(yíng)成本提高。選項(xiàng)B，文中雖然提到鐵路公司還沒有足夠的錢去滿足不斷增長(zhǎng)的運(yùn)輸需要，但是這并不是經(jīng)營(yíng)成本提高的原因。C、D選項(xiàng)文中并沒有依據(jù)。因此，答案為A。

9.單選題

Whenhefinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,Johnwas（）pale.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormously

B.startlingly

C.uniquely

D.dramatically

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。enormously非常地，極其，在極大程度上地；startlingly驚人地，使人驚奇地；uniquely獨(dú)特地，珍奇地；dramatically顯著地，劇烈的。前半句提到“他30天后才從洞穴里爬出來(lái)”可知出來(lái)的時(shí)候，他臉色看上去白得讓人吃驚。故B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

10.翻譯題

1.Toproducethesameamountofelectricity,Chinaconsumesfourtimesasmuchenergyastheworldaverage.Sincetheoutsetofthiscentury,increasingproductivitywhileconservingenergyhasbeenoneoftheutmostconcernsoftheChinesegovernment.

2.Intheworldoftomorrow,managerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon’thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,buttheyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennottobetonnewtechnologies.

3.Ifmanagersdon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

4.Evenifyouknowtheanswertoachild'squestion,resisttheimpulsetorespondquickly.leavingnoopeningfordiscussion.Thatreinforcesthemisconceptionthatscienceismerelyasetoffactsstoredintheheadsofadults.

5.Scienceisaboutexplaining.Scienceisnotjustfactsbutthemeaningthatpeoplegivetothe—byweavinginformationintoastoryabouthownatureprobablyoperates.

【答案】1.為了產(chǎn)生等量的電流，中國(guó)的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。從本世紀(jì)的開端起，提高生產(chǎn)率同時(shí)節(jié)約能源，這已經(jīng)成為中國(guó)政府最關(guān)心的事情之一。

2.在將來(lái)的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么職位任務(wù)，他們都不能是技術(shù)文盲。他們沒必要是發(fā)明新技術(shù)的科學(xué)家或工程師，但是，管理者必須清楚對(duì)新技術(shù)何時(shí)押注。

3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技術(shù)能有效地成為“黑匣子”，那么，他們就不會(huì)做出改變。這樣，他們將成為失敗者而不是勝者。

4.即使你知道孩子問題的答案，也不要沖動(dòng)地快速做出回應(yīng)，要給討論余留空間。這強(qiáng)化了科學(xué)僅是一套儲(chǔ)存在成人腦海的事實(shí)這一誤解。

5.科學(xué)關(guān)乎于解釋?？茖W(xué)不僅包含事實(shí)，而且包含人們通過將信息編織成個(gè)關(guān)于自然如何運(yùn)作的故事而給予它的意義。

11.單選題

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames，phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information—mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential”.ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

1.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy（）.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif（）.

4.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause_（）_.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B.ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C.hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D.ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B.moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C.legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D.lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B.youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C.youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D.youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B.ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C.itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D.itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness

B.“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned

C.privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced

D.consumers,privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.”，私營(yíng)企業(yè)比政府監(jiān)視得更多，根據(jù)最后一句，“It’sourbanks….passourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.”，說(shuō)明銀行將我們的私人財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)給了電話銷售公司。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.”，說(shuō)明立法者傾向于讓商業(yè)人士隨意跟蹤我們的財(cái)務(wù)習(xí)慣。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“…h(huán)ad30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomatically…”，說(shuō)明有30天的取消期限，超過期限會(huì)自動(dòng)收費(fèi)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第八段，“Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.”，企業(yè)用你的私人賬戶獲利，但是你得不到任何保護(hù)，“nofederallawshields‘transactionandexperience’information”說(shuō)明私人賬戶被認(rèn)為是不受法律保護(hù)的，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第八段，說(shuō)明沒有法律對(duì)消費(fèi)者的隱私給予保護(hù)，所以消費(fèi)者的利益會(huì)繼續(xù)被侵犯。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（

）theweightofthebuilding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.idealize

B.subside

C.initiate

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】句意:建筑物倒塌是因?yàn)樗牡鼗蛔阋灾握麄€(gè)建筑物的重量。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Idealize使理想化,理想化地描述;subside平息,減弱;initiate開始,發(fā)起;sustain支撐,維持,承擔(dān)。由關(guān)鍵詞theweightofthebuilding(建筑物重量)可知D符合句意。

13.翻譯題

Oncampus,youwillquicklydiscoverthatanimportantpartofthecultureisawillingnesstostayengagedwithproblemsandarguments,tokeeppushingforasharedvocabularyandasharedunderstanding.Youwillencounterapost-Enlightenmentsensibility,underwhichmoreandmorecornersofhumanexperiencearesusceptibletocriticalanalysisanddebate.Fewerandfewerdomainsoflifefeellikemattersofpurelypersonaltaste—chocolateorvanilla—thingsthataretruly“just,like,youropinion.”Andyouwillfindyourselfspendingmanyhours,lateatnightandearlyinthemorning,searchingforthatsharedunderstanding.Andhereyouwilldiscoveroneoftheuniversity’sgreatstrengthsasacommunity.Itdoesn’ttakemuchworktosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisprettymuchlikeyou.Butittakesrealefforttosearchforasharedunderstandingwithsomeonewhoisdifferent.Themostprofoundoptimismunderlyinghighereducationtodayisthesimultaneousrecognitionthat,ontheoneband,differencesofview,background,andperspectivearerealandimportant,and,ontheotherhand,peoplewhoholdthosedifferencescancometogetherforfouryearsonabeautifulhilltop,listentooneanotherwithtoleranceandrespect,andengage.

【答案】參考譯文：

在校園，你將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)校園文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分，那就是愿意面對(duì)問題和爭(zhēng)論，為共享的詞匯和共享的理解而不斷努力。你們將面對(duì)后啟蒙時(shí)代的感性，在這種感性力量下，人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)中越來(lái)越多的角落容易受到批判性分析和辯論的影響。生活中越來(lái)越少的領(lǐng)域感覺像純粹個(gè)人品味的事情，例如選擇巧克力味或香草味，這些事情才是真正的“只是你的觀點(diǎn)”。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會(huì)為了尋求共享的理解而花很多時(shí)間，通宵達(dá)旦。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體的偉大力量之一。和一個(gè)與你相似的人達(dá)成共同的理解并不需很大的工夫，但是要和一個(gè)與你不同的人達(dá)成共識(shí)就不是什么容易的事了?，F(xiàn)今的高等教育最值得樂觀的一點(diǎn)是，同時(shí)意識(shí)到了這兩個(gè)方面：一是不同的看法、背景和觀點(diǎn)很重要；二是那些持有不同觀點(diǎn)的人們能相聚在一起，在一個(gè)美麗的山頂共處四年，相互容忍，相互尊重和相互影響。

14.單選題

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。從19世紀(jì)的西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)再到當(dāng)今美國(guó)人的西進(jìn)精神，本文主要講了美國(guó)的拓荒精神，即美國(guó)人的勇氣和進(jìn)取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對(duì)和克服許多危險(xiǎn)和困難。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艱苦的勞動(dòng)和激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使邊疆人生活艱難，他們的語(yǔ)言也是如此?！币约白詈笠欢巍癝omepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人覺得美國(guó)的拓荒精神已經(jīng)不存在了。但它以多種方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。美國(guó)人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會(huì)跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國(guó)家是不常見的?！笨芍鼗木耋w現(xiàn)為能克服危險(xiǎn)和困難，有勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對(duì)和克服許多危險(xiǎn)和困難。”“Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴風(fēng)雪可能會(huì)毀掉他的牲畜，許多拓荒者自己也被凍死了。在夏天，一個(gè)拓荒者可能會(huì)無(wú)助地站在一邊，看著他的牛死去或莊稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他時(shí)候，洪水可能會(huì)沖走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危險(xiǎn)來(lái)自印第安人的襲擊。”以及第四段第一句“TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世紀(jì)中葉，對(duì)于一個(gè)愛好和平的拓荒者來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的危險(xiǎn)可能不是來(lái)自自然條件或印第安人，而是來(lái)自拓荒者?！笨芍缙谕鼗恼呙媾R自然災(zāi)害的威脅以及印第安人的襲擊。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一個(gè)人的成功或失敗在很大程度上取決于他的實(shí)力和管理能力?？芍狢項(xiàng)“拓荒者的成敗取決于他的力量與管理能力”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美國(guó)人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會(huì)跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國(guó)家是不常見的?！笨芍?dāng)今美國(guó)人的拓荒精神體現(xiàn)為勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveions（離子）intheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticle,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargeproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorms,earthquakesofwhenwindssuchasthemistral（寒冷的西北風(fēng)）areblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricity（靜電）indoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernausea（惡心）orevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsofoundtobeaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes.Snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducethesearenearthesea,closetowaterfallsoffountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffortofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

33.Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachineswhichgenerateneuativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeopleofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterall,itisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismic（地震的）readingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexcessivepositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Accordingtothepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.nearapondwithawaterpump

B.closetoslowflowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuum-pump

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffective

B.theunusualbehaviorsofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographisreliable

D.earthquakescannotaffectanyanimals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentinth