英語語法-句子成分課件

句法（一）---byElena句子成分定義：構(gòu)成句子的各部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分：主語、謂語次要成分：賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補足語、同位語

一、主語（SUBJECT）

Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.找出主語：Thesunrisesintheeast.名詞Helikestraveling.代詞Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.數(shù)詞Toseeistobelieving.ItisveryclearthatEnglishisimportantintraveling.It形式主語，從句主語是真正主語不定式二、謂語(PREDICATE)簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.三、賓語（OBJECT）

動作的對象或承受者——及物動詞或介詞的賓語賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語指物，間接賓語指人。eg.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語↓直接賓語四、定語（ATTRIBUTE）

修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句Heisacleverboy.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.(形容詞)(數(shù)詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)六、表語（PREDICATIVE）

系動詞后的成分，表主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)常見系動詞:be(am/is/are/were/was),appear,look,seemfeel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,becomeget,grow,come,go……系動詞不用于被動語態(tài).Theappletastessweet.六、補足語（COMPLEMENT）

補足語分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。1、賓語補足語：補充說明賓語狀態(tài)，使句子意義完整常用及物動詞：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let……eg.Ifoundthebookinteresting.

2、主語補足語：主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后，賓補變主補。eg.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.

→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.找出補足語：Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.八、同位語（APPOSITIVE）

位于名詞或代詞后面，二次說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況

Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名詞Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.