2022年英語(yǔ)-高一-句子成分

..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Lesson1句子成分【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1.復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法句子成分，掌握句子成分的構(gòu)成，為長(zhǎng)難句的理解打根底。2.新題型講解—語(yǔ)法填空技巧【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】學(xué)會(huì)判斷句子的各個(gè)成分；在不斷穩(wěn)固練習(xí)的根底上熟練掌握語(yǔ)法填空的技巧。PART1語(yǔ)法講解PART1語(yǔ)法講解定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)局部叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)等。主語(yǔ)：句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，通常位于句首。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Ineedabook.Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.HaveATryHaveATry找出以下句子中的主語(yǔ)1.Shewentoutinahurry.2.Tomisverytall.3.Pridegoesbeforeafall.4.Lookingupallthenewwordsinthedictionarytookhimalotoftime.2、謂語(yǔ)：描述主語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)。由動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)擔(dān)任，常置于主語(yǔ)后。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有人稱，數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Sheisreading.Thissongsoundswonderful.Iworkedoutthisproblemunderthehelpofmymathteacher.動(dòng)詞分類：動(dòng)詞的分類：=1\*GB2⑴行為動(dòng)詞：及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版=2\*GB2⑵系動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞=3\*GB2⑶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞=4\*GB2⑷助動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)：=1\*GB2⑴簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)HaveATry=2\*GB2⑵復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞+主要?jiǎng)釉~HaveATry情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主要?jiǎng)釉~找出以下句子中的謂語(yǔ)1.Hiswritingisverybeautiful.2.Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.3.Youshouldtryyourbesttofulfillyourtasks..3、賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。一般由名詞〔短語(yǔ)〕,代詞，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞〔短語(yǔ)〕，動(dòng)詞不定式〔短語(yǔ)〕，從句等充當(dāng)，常置于謂語(yǔ)后。Hewonthegame.Helikesplayingcomputer.Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother.HaveATryHaveATry找出以下句子中的賓語(yǔ)1.Showyourpassport,please.2.Shedidn'tsayanything.3.Canyoutellmethewaytothenearesthospital.4、表語(yǔ)：用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。一般由名詞(名詞短語(yǔ))，代詞，數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞〔短語(yǔ)〕，不定式〔短語(yǔ)〕或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于系動(dòng)詞之后。Heisastudent.Wearetired.Youlookhappytoday.注意：除了be系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞:sound,look,smell,taste,touch,feel,等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞:go,become,turn,grow,get等。HaveATry3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞:keep,stay,remainHaveATry找出以下句子中的表語(yǔ)1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Leavesturnyellowinautumn.4.Foodgoesbadeasilyinsummer...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版5、定語(yǔ)：對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。形容詞，代詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式〔短語(yǔ)〕，動(dòng)名詞〔短語(yǔ)〕，分詞，從句等均可做定語(yǔ)。單個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)通常置于被修飾詞的前面；短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)通常置于被修飾詞的后面。Theblackbikeismine.〔black作定語(yǔ)〕TheboyinblueisJim.〔inblue作定語(yǔ)〕Ihavenothingtodotoday.〔nothing作定語(yǔ)〕注意：1、當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something,anyone,everyone,someone等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.2、不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。HaveATryHaveATryIhavesomethingimportanttotellyounow.找出以下句子中的定語(yǔ)1.Heisacleverboy.2.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.3.Isthereanyoneelsewhowantstogowithme?6、狀語(yǔ)：用以修飾動(dòng)詞，位置靈活。它可以表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、程度、和讓步等。副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，分詞均可做狀語(yǔ)。1)、修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；Iamverysorry.2)、表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。Inordertocheerhimup,Itoldhimthetruth.TheyarewritingEnglishintheclassroom.3)、一些表示不確定時(shí)間〔如：often〕或程度〔如：almost〕的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。Weoftenhelphim.Heisalwayslateforclass.狀語(yǔ)種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.〔原因狀語(yǔ)〕Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.〔條件狀語(yǔ)〕MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.〔地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)〕Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.〔伴隨狀語(yǔ)〕Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.〔伴隨狀語(yǔ)〕Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.〔目的狀語(yǔ)〕Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.〔結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)〕HaveATrySheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.〔讓步HaveATry..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版找出以下句子中的狀語(yǔ)1.Iwillbebackinawhile.2.Theyareplayingontheplayground.3.Onlyinthisway,canyoumakeasuccess.7、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的情況。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)分為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)兩種，可由名詞，形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，分詞和不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語(yǔ)后。Hemademesad.〔形容詞〕Sheasksmetotakeanumbrella.〔不定式〕Thewarmadehimasoldier.〔名詞〕Ifindhimathome.〔介詞短語(yǔ)〕HaveATryHaveATry找出以下句子中的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1.Theycalledhimtheprinceofgymnasts.2.Iarrivedathomeverylate,tiredandhungry.3.Hiswordsmadeusangry.8、同位語(yǔ)：在句中對(duì)某一成分作進(jìn)一步的解釋，說(shuō)明，并且與其在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語(yǔ)，它通常位于名詞、代詞后面,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。HaveATryHaveATryImyselfwilldotheexperiment.Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.找出以下句子中的同位語(yǔ)Thenewsthathewonthematchissoexciting.Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)七種成分記清楚主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)七種成分記清楚主謂賓表是主干輔助成分定狀補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)修飾名或代狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)形副主謂人稱要一致賓語(yǔ)之后可有補(bǔ)復(fù)習(xí)ReviewKeepthisinmindWearefamily!Wearefamily!..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版一．強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(一)挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ)1.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.(二)挑出以下句中的表語(yǔ)1.Theoldmanfeltverytired.2.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.(三)挑出以下句中的定語(yǔ)1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomecarelesspeopleforgottosweepthefloor.(四)挑出以下句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.2.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.(五)挑出以下句中的狀語(yǔ)1.Therewasabigsmileonherface.2.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.PART2新題型講解PART2新題型講解語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面材料，用不多于1個(gè)單詞的正確形式填空Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__1__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__2__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__3_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_4__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_5__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__6_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo__7__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_8__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit__9__(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_10__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Keys:1.arrived2.before3.its4.which5.paintings6.by7.is8.conducted9.regularly10.living總結(jié)：新題型技巧——語(yǔ)法填空題型特征語(yǔ)法填空題是在一篇200詞左右的語(yǔ)言材料中留出10個(gè)空白，每空1.5分，共15分。局部空白的后面給出單詞的根本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫(xiě)其正確形式。不給出提示詞的包括：根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境填入冠詞，連詞，代詞以及副詞或名詞等。不給提示詞的，詞數(shù)有限制，只填寫(xiě)1個(gè)單詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，給出的提示詞較多〔5—7個(gè)〕；考查詞形變化的偏多，并且未給出提示詞的空處〔3—5個(gè)〕有填實(shí)詞的考點(diǎn)；挖空一般比較均，所要填空的地方一般不會(huì)影響學(xué)生對(duì)短文的理解。能力要求該題型是考查考生在閱讀理解的根底上對(duì)語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)用知識(shí)的掌握情況，著重考查考生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。技巧點(diǎn)撥1.把握篇章理解。用約一分鐘瀏覽全文，明確大意及整個(gè)語(yǔ)境，明確人稱和主體時(shí)態(tài)，此乃做語(yǔ)法填空題的前提。2.處理好兩類詞的填空。填實(shí)詞時(shí)，先要根據(jù)改詞在句中的語(yǔ)法成分，確定好詞性(名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞等)，再考慮其詞形。根據(jù)前后意思，還可能填所給詞的反義詞；填功能詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)上下文之間的聯(lián)系，空格前后詞語(yǔ)的支配關(guān)系，詞語(yǔ)搭配，以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)的要求，填上所需的功能詞?？键c(diǎn)設(shè)置一．有提示詞1.動(dòng)詞〔謂語(yǔ)∕非謂語(yǔ)〕。給出動(dòng)詞的原形，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要填其適當(dāng)?shù)男问健Ｌ顒?dòng)詞形式，首先抓住主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句，剩下的局部，如有連詞，那么是句子，仍有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，否那么就用非謂語(yǔ)。..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版??？键c(diǎn)?1.謂語(yǔ)：時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，主謂一致2.非謂語(yǔ)：todo,doing,done(1).MsChen__________(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmyappreciationIdecidedtogetherapresent.(2).IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI________(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(3).AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat____________(encourage)studentstostudyabroad.(4).Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould________(make)radiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp.(5).Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_______(receive)thegift.(6).Withtheproblem_______(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.(7).IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft________(complete)therest.(8)._________(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13％.(9).Wemustpracticespeakingand________(write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.(10).Butitisnotenoughonly________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.Keys:(1).havetaught(2).wastold(3).encourages(4).make(5).receiving(6).solved(7).tocomplete(8).compared(9).writing(10).tomemorize2.名詞。給知名詞，主要考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化，名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。掌握名詞所有格和名詞作定語(yǔ)的用法。..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版?常考點(diǎn)?名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)(1).Formostofusthe________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.(2).Butagoodteachershowshowtofind_________(answer).(3).Thinkofacomputer:itstoresalotof_________(information).(4).Itisanotherbookofmy________(brother).Keys:changesanswersinformationbrother’s3.形容詞，副詞。給出形容詞副詞，首先要考慮形副之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞修飾名詞和代詞，或與系動(dòng)詞連用；副詞主要修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞及整個(gè)句子。其次，形容詞和副詞有比較等級(jí)的變化〔包括比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)〕。??？键c(diǎn)?1.形容詞和副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換2.比較等級(jí)(1)._________(fortunate),Davidpassedthefinalexam.(2).“Thirty-fivecents,〞shesaid________(rude).(3).Nothingcouldbe_______(sweet).(4).Oneofthe_______(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschool.Keys:Fortunatelyrudelysweeterworst4.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。給出提示詞原形，通過(guò)句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正確的單詞形式補(bǔ)充完整。如名詞變形容詞，動(dòng)詞變形容詞，形容詞變副詞，動(dòng)詞變名詞等。這屬于比較根底的單詞拼寫(xiě)方面的能力要求?！沧⒁猓悍治鼍湟?，注意單詞否認(rèn)意義的考查，即需要加詞綴〕??？键c(diǎn)?詞形轉(zhuǎn)換(1).Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_______(patience)...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版(2).Youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe_______(entertain)field.(3).Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_______(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.(4).Thetornadoesdamagedseveral_______(new)builtbuildings.(5).Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery_______(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative.Keys:patiententertainmentcontributionnewlybeneficial二．無(wú)提示詞1.冠詞。名詞前無(wú)限定詞修飾，可考慮用冠詞。有時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)或一些固定搭配中。注意不定冠詞a,an和定冠詞the的區(qū)別。??？键c(diǎn)?1.不定冠詞a,an的用法2.定冠詞the的用法(1).ThenIwenttothedepartmentstoreandboughther______expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.(2).ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw_______firstquestion.(3).Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso_________comparativelycheapone.(4).Tom,________8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop.(5).HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand______goodmanyotherthings.Keys:antheaana2.介詞。當(dāng)空格后面的名詞不作主語(yǔ)，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)為介詞的賓語(yǔ)，固填介詞。主要考查一些介詞的固定搭配，平常學(xué)習(xí)中多積累相關(guān)短語(yǔ)。..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版??？键c(diǎn)?1.介詞的根本用法2.固定搭配(1)._________thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.(2).IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePswereasurepath_______success.(3).“Don’tbealwaysbeparticular_______yourpresentworkandincome.(4).ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong_______constructivecriticism.(5).Thereisnoeasywaytosuccess_______languagelearning.Keys:Attoaboutwithbut3.連詞。(附屬連詞和并列連詞)假設(shè)兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間，沒(méi)有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，也沒(méi)有連詞，那空格處必定是填連詞。??？键c(diǎn)?1.附屬連詞〔三大從句〕2.并列連詞A).引導(dǎo)各種從句的連詞叫附屬連詞?？疾榘ǎ憾ㄕZ(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞who,whom,that,which,whose,when,where,why,as;名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞：that,if,whether,who,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how,wh-ever等；狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞：when,if,because,though,until,unless等。(1).Theexam,_______wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,waschangedtothelibraryatthelastminute.(2).Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas_______thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版(3)._______heisrich,hislifeisnothappy.(4).________childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.(5).Therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents______camebacktoChinaafterstudy.Keys:whichwhatThoughUnlesswhoB).并列句的各種關(guān)聯(lián)詞叫并列連詞。如and,but,or,so等。(1).Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest______Imademyfinaldecision.(2).Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,__________withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.Keys:andbut4.代詞。挖掉代詞，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)受到破壞，句子間出現(xiàn)不連貫。句中卻主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)成分可用人稱代詞；在名詞前起限定作用，可用物主代詞；反身代詞多出現(xiàn)在一些固定短語(yǔ)中。??？键c(diǎn)?1.人稱代詞2.物主代詞3.反身代詞(1).________________isnecessarythatheshouldrememberthesewords.(2).Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear_______spoken.(3).Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000of_____wereself-fundedstudents.(4).Thelittleboypulled______righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版(5).Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax__________Keys:Ititthemhismyself5.助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。假設(shè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動(dòng)詞〔do,does,did等〕，此時(shí)要注意主謂一致。??？键c(diǎn)?助動(dòng)詞do,does,did表疑問(wèn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝。(1).Peterfailedtheexam.He_____knowitwashisownfault.(2).Mary______havecomehereontime.Shegotuptoolate.Keys:didshould實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Withthedevelopmentofindustry，airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious.InShanghai,manypeoplesufferfromdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause1airpollution.Airpollutionis2(main)causedbythefollowingreasons.Abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles(交通工具).Therearemoreandmorecarsandbusesontheroad,3giveoff4(poison)gases.35%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.5factorissmoking.6(smoke)doesharmtoothers’healthaswellasto__7ofthesmokers.Besides,about10%ofairpollutioniscausedbyotherreasons.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofightagainstpollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtotake__8placeofgas.Wecanplantmoretrees，grassandflowers.Allinall,ifeverybodyrealizesthe..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版9(important)ofenvironmentanddoessomethingtostoppollution,theproblem10(solve).Keys:ofmainlytheypoisonousAnotherSmokingthattheimportancewillbesolvedPART3課后作業(yè)PART3課后作業(yè)寫(xiě)出下面劃線局部的成分并翻譯成漢語(yǔ)(2021山東，閱讀理解)Ann’sneighborTracyfoundalostdogwanderingaroundthelocalelementaryschool.(2021大綱，閱讀理解)ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.3.(2021安徽，閱讀理解)Youarethecollectorinthegalleryofyourlife.4.(2021新課標(biāo)1，完形填空)MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,wespottedamanholdingapieceofpapersaid,“Lostmyjob.Familytofeed.〞5.(2021新課標(biāo)1,完形填空)Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherinneed,italsogavemykidsthesweettasteofhelpi