1980-2016考研英語(yǔ)一翻譯真題匯總

PAGE418 大家版詞典級(jí)31年考研英語(yǔ)真題及答案 ..1980年考研英語(yǔ)水一煮沸請(qǐng)立即把開(kāi)關(guān)關(guān)掉。Pleaseturnofftheswitch<switchoff>assoonasthewaterboils.51. 在八十年代,中國(guó)人民將以更大的步伐向前邁進(jìn)。51. TheChinesepeoplewillforgeahead<marchon,marchonward,marchforward>withgreaterstridesin1980’s.52. 我們都同意李同志已作出的決定。52. WeallagreetothedecisioncomradeLihasmade<made>.53. 這個(gè)結(jié)果比我們預(yù)期的要好得多。53. Theresultismuch<far>betterthanweexpected.54. 在過(guò)去的三年中,在恢復(fù)我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)方面做了大量的工作。54. Duringthepastthreeyearsalot<ofwork>hasbeendoneintherecovery<restoration>ofournationaleconomy<inrecoveringournationaleconomy;inrestoringournationaleconomy>.55. 我們把英語(yǔ)作為學(xué)習(xí)西方先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)的一種工具。55. WeuseEnglishasatoolinlearningWesternadvancedscienceandtechnology.56. 沒(méi)有黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),我國(guó)的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。56. Itisimpossibletoaccomplish<carryout,fulfill,materialize>thesocialistmodernizationofourcountry<oursocialistmodernization>withouttheleadershipoftheParty.1981年考研英語(yǔ)這門(mén)課我們?cè)綄W(xué)越喜歡。ThemoreIstudythesubject,themoreIlikeit.49. 這家工廠只能供應(yīng)我們所需要的百分之三十。49. Thefactorycanonlysupplythirtypercentofwhatweneed.50. 他們一直談到入睡。50. Theydidnotstoptalkinguntiltheyfellasleep.51. 許多人以為電是燃料,但事實(shí)上并非如此。51. Manypeoplethinkthatelectricityisafuel;but,asamatteroffact,itisnot.52. 我國(guó)的社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化是一項(xiàng)我們必須努力完成的任務(wù)。52. Thesocialistmodernizationofourcountryisanimportanttaskthatwemuststrivetofulfill.1982年考研英語(yǔ)隨著時(shí)間的過(guò)去,他將會(huì)懂得我所講的話。Astimegoeson,hewillunderstandwhatIsaid.48. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)那個(gè)地區(qū)的工廠比1970年增加了兩倍。48. Wehavebeentoldthattherearenowthreetimesasmanyfactoriesinthatdistrictasin1970.49. 在這個(gè)季節(jié)保持蔬菜新鮮可不容易。49. Itishardworkkeepingvegetablesfreshinthisseason.50. 只要我們繼續(xù)努力工作,我們就能提前完成任務(wù)。50. Solongaswecontinuetoworkhard,wecanfinishthetaskaheadofschedule.51. 盡管我們的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)制度存在著巨大差異,我們兩國(guó)在許多方面有著共同的利益。51. Despitethegreatdifferencesbetweenourpoliticalandeconomicsystems,ourtwocountriesshareawiderangeofcommoninterest.1983年考研英語(yǔ)我們不同意他剛才說(shuō)的話。Wedonotagreewithwhathehasjustsaid.57. 在老師再解釋一遍后,同學(xué)們才聽(tīng)懂這句子的意思。57. Thestudentsdidnotunderstandthemeaningofthesentenceuntiltheteacherhadexplaineditasecondtime.58. 我們很高興他如期完成任務(wù)58. Weareverygladthathehasfulfilledthetaskintime.59. 我們對(duì)他解決問(wèn)題的方法很感興趣。59. Weareinterestedinthewayhesolvedtheproblems.60. 我們雖然引進(jìn)新技術(shù)和設(shè)備,但是我們將主要依靠自己來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)個(gè)現(xiàn)代化。60. Althoughweimportsomenewtechniquesandequipment,wewillrelymainlyonourselvestorealizethefourmodernizations.1984年考研英語(yǔ)Electricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheradio.81.電在我們的日常生活中所占的地位是這樣的重要,而且現(xiàn)在人們還認(rèn)為有電是完全理所當(dāng)然的事,所以我們?cè)陂_(kāi)電燈或開(kāi)收音機(jī)時(shí)就很少會(huì)再去想一想電是怎么來(lái)的。Evenwhenweturnoffthebedsidelampandarefatasleep,electricityisworkingforus,drivingourrefrigerators,heatingourwater,orkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.82. 即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入睡鄉(xiāng)時(shí),電也在為我們工作,它幫我們開(kāi)動(dòng)冰箱,幫我們燒水或使我們房間里的空調(diào)機(jī)保持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。Werarelybothertoconsiderwhyorhowtheyrununtilsomethinggoeswrong.83. 在車(chē)輛出毛病之前,我們就不會(huì)去費(fèi)腦筋想一下它們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)開(kāi)動(dòng)或怎樣開(kāi)動(dòng)。liftsstoppedworking,sothatevenifyouwereluckyenoughnottobetrappedbetweentwofloors,youhadtheunpleasanttaskoffindingyourwaydownhundredsofflightsofstairs.84. 電梯停了,因此即使你幸而沒(méi)有被困在兩個(gè)樓層的中間,你也得去完成一項(xiàng)不愉快的任務(wù)：即摸黑往下走幾百級(jí)樓梯。Peoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhouses,foralthoughthepolicehadbeenorderedtostandbyincaseofemergency,theywerejustasconfusedandhelplessasanybodyelse.85. 盡管警察都已接到命令,要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況,但人們還是不敢出門(mén),因?yàn)榫煲餐渌魏稳艘粯痈械讲恢牒蜔o(wú)能為力。PeoplesatimpatientandfrightenedinthedarkasifanunseenenemyhadlandedfromMars.86. 人們焦急不安、驚惶失措地坐在黑暗中,好象有一名來(lái)自火星的看不見(jiàn)的敵人已登上了地球。Oneofthestrangethingsthatoccurredduringthepower-cutwasthatsomefiftyblindpeopleleadmanysightedworkershome.87. 停電期間所發(fā)生的事件中有過(guò)這樣一件怪事：大約有五十名盲人給許多有視力的職工帶路,把他們送回家。Whenthelightscameonagain,hardlyapersoninthecitycanhaveturnedonaswitchwithoutreflectinghowgreataservanthehadathisfingertips.88. 當(dāng)電燈再亮?xí)r,城里的人在撳電燈開(kāi)關(guān)之前,幾乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)人不仔細(xì)想一想,他隨時(shí)都能有一個(gè)多么能干的個(gè)人來(lái)為他服務(wù)啊。Inotherwordsmineralsubstanceswhicharefoundontheearthmustbeextractedbydigging,boringholes,artificialexplosions,orsimilaroperationswhichmakethemavailabletous.89. 換言之,礦物就是存在于地球上的而且必須經(jīng)過(guò)挖掘、鉆孔、人工爆炸或類(lèi)似作業(yè)才能獲得的物質(zhì)。Coalandoilaretheremainsofplantsandanimals.Crudemineraloresandcrudeoilmustbepurifiedbeforetheycanbeused.90. 煤和油是植物和動(dòng)物的殘?bào)w。原礦石和原油必須加以精煉才能使用。Astageinhumancivilizationisoftencalledbythenameofthesubstancemainlyusedatthatstage:theStoneAge,theIronAge,andsoon.91. 人類(lèi)文明的各個(gè)時(shí)期通常是根據(jù)從們?cè)诟鱾€(gè)時(shí)期所主要使用的物質(zhì)名稱(chēng)而命名的,例如石器時(shí)代、鐵器時(shí)代,等等。Thecapacitytousearawmaterialdependsonvariousfactors,suchasmeansofaccess,methodsofextraction,andtechniquesofprocessing.92. 使用原料的能力大小取決于各種因素,例如,獲取原料的手段、開(kāi)采方法和加工技術(shù)。Plantswhichrefinecrudeoresareoftenlocatedincountriesotherthanthoseinwhichthecrudeoresaremined.93. 提煉原礦石的廠房設(shè)備通常不是設(shè)在開(kāi)采原礦石的國(guó)家而是設(shè)在其他國(guó)家。itwasnotuntilsixtyyearsagothatamethodofextractingaluminumorewasfoundwhichcouldleadtoacheaplarge-scaleprocess.94. 直到六十年前人們才發(fā)現(xiàn)一種開(kāi)采鋁礦石的方法,從而有可能從中得出一種成本低廉、大規(guī)模提煉的煉鋁法。Inthepastfewdecadesmenbehavedasiftheirsuppliesofmineralswereinexhaustible.95. 在過(guò)去的幾十年間,人們對(duì)待礦物的態(tài)度是：仿佛他們可以永遠(yuǎn)不斷地得到礦物供應(yīng)。Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimited,anditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheir"expectationoflife,"thetimeitwilltaketoexhaustallknownsourcesandreservesofthesematerials.96. 可是現(xiàn)在他們認(rèn)識(shí)到,其中有些礦物的蘊(yùn)藏是很有限的,他們甚至還是可較合理地估計(jì)出這些礦石"可望存在多少年",也就是說(shuō),經(jīng)過(guò)多少時(shí)間之后,這些礦物的全部書(shū)籍礦源和蘊(yùn)藏量將被耗盡。1985年考研英語(yǔ)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃和原來(lái)的計(jì)劃比起來(lái),要完整得多。Comparedwiththeoriginalone,thisplanisfarmorecomplete.62. 只有這樣我們才能趕上世界的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。62. Onlyinthiswaycanwecatchupwiththeworld'sadvancedlevelsinscienceandtechnology.你對(duì)下一步該做些什么,清楚了嗎？Areyouclearaboutwhatyoushoulddonext?在舊中國(guó),幾乎沒(méi)有什么機(jī)器制造工業(yè),更不用說(shuō)電子工業(yè)了。InoldChina,therewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustry,tosaynothingofanelectronicindustry.他在這次旅行中的所見(jiàn)所聞給他留下了深刻的印象。Whathesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.譬如,對(duì)于一個(gè)四口之家,舒舒服服地坐在家里收看電視,就能看到幾乎是數(shù)不清的娛樂(lè)節(jié)目,這比到外面別的地方去消遣便宜得多,方便的多。Theydonothavetopayforexpensiveseatsatthetheatre,thecinema,ortheopera,onlytodiscover,perhaps,thattheshowisdisappointing.67. 他們不必花錢(qián)去戲院、電影院,或歌劇院買(mǎi)價(jià)錢(qián)很高的戲票,結(jié)果他們也許還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所演出的節(jié)目很令人失望。Alltheyhavetodoispressabutton,andtheycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionpoliticaldiscussionsandthelatestexcitingfootballmatch.68. 他們所要做的只是按一下電鈕,就能看到各種戲劇、電影、歌劇和各式各樣的演出,更不用說(shuō)各種政治辯論和最近舉行的激動(dòng)人心的足球賽。Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisispreciselywherethedangerlies.69. 可是,有些人則堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為這恰恰是危險(xiǎn)的所在。Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverythingpresentedtohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.70. 看電視的人是完全被動(dòng)的,他可以毫不費(fèi)力就能看到所播放的每一個(gè)節(jié)目。Television,itisoftensaid,keepsoneinformedaboutcurrentevents,allowsonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpolitics,andoffersandendlessseriesofprogramswhicharebothinstructiveandentertaining.71. 人們常說(shuō),電視能使一個(gè)人對(duì)時(shí)事了如指掌,隨時(shí)了解科學(xué)和政治方面的最新發(fā)展。同時(shí)還能源源不斷地為觀眾提供各種既有教育意義又帶有娛樂(lè)性的節(jié)目。Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisservicejustaswell;butontelevisioneverythingismuchmoreliving,muchmorereal.72. 可能會(huì)有人提出無(wú)線電廣播也同樣能做到這一點(diǎn)；但在電視屏幕上,每個(gè)節(jié)目都顯得更加生動(dòng),更加真實(shí)。Itistheusestowhichitisputthatdetermineitsvaluetosociety.73. 電視對(duì)社會(huì)的價(jià)值取決于我們?cè)鯓尤ダ盟?。Inanoffice,figures,listsandinformationarecompiledwhichtellthemanagersorheadsofthebusinesswhatishappeningintheirshopsorfactories.74. 在辦公室里,人們將各種數(shù)據(jù)、表格和資料〔信息加以匯編以便讓經(jīng)理們或企業(yè)的主管人員了解他們的商店或工廠目前正在發(fā)生的情況。〔75Itispartofthejoboftheclerkstocollectandclassifythatinformationandtoputitintosuchaformthatitiseasilyinterpretedandunderstood.75. 職員們的一部分任務(wù)就是手機(jī)這種資料〔信息將它分類(lèi)并制成這樣一份表格,這份表格要能是這種資料〔信息易于解釋,易于理解。Classificationalwaysrequiresthearrangementofthesamekindofinformation,oftenintolistsorcolumns.76. 分類(lèi)工作始終需要將同樣的資料加以整理,往往是將它們列成表格或?qū)凇orthiswork,correctness,accuracyandspeed,asinallofficework,areessential.77. 對(duì)于這種工作來(lái)說(shuō),像所有的辦公室工作一樣,正確性、準(zhǔn)確性和速度是必不可少的。Theinterpretationofinformationandoftablesshouldtelluswheresuccessorfailurelies,whereprofitcanbehadandwherelossesoccur.78. 對(duì)資料〔信息和報(bào)表所做的解釋,應(yīng)能給我們顯示出成敗之所在哪里可以有盈利以及哪里出現(xiàn)了虧損。Onthiskindofinformationandfromtheknownfigures,achoiceismadeandaseriesofsuchchoicesmaymakeapolicy.79. 根據(jù)這種資料〔信息和那些已知的數(shù)據(jù),就能作出一種選擇,而一系列這樣的選擇就能形成一項(xiàng)決策。Itisclearthatadecisionleadingtoapolicycanonlybeasgoodastheinformationonwhichitisbased.80. 很顯然,形成決策的那個(gè)決定的好壞,只能取決于它所依據(jù)的資料〔信息的好壞。Managerswillwanttohaveallthenecessaryfactsbeforetheycanmakethebestdecisionanditisnormalforthemtoseekformoreandmoreinformation.81. 經(jīng)理們必定需要在掌握一切必要的情況之后才能作出最佳的決定。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),要求得到越來(lái)越多的資料〔信息是很正常的。1986年考研英語(yǔ)去年的好收成是由于農(nóng)場(chǎng)管理的改進(jìn)和有利的氣體條件。Thegoodcroplastyearwasduetotheimprovementoffarmmanagementandfavorableweathercondition.67. 他在科研上取得的成就要比預(yù)期的大。67. Thesuccesshehasachievedinscientificresearchisgreaterthanexpected.68. 我們現(xiàn)在必須做的是把情況作一番仔細(xì)的調(diào)查。68. Whatwemustdonowistomakeacarefulinvestigationofthesituation.69. 很難說(shuō)哪個(gè)方案更為切實(shí)可行。69. It’shardtosaywhichplanismorepracticable.70. 昨晚如果他來(lái)了,問(wèn)題也許已得到解決。70. Ifhehadcomeyesterdayevening,thequestionmighthavebeensolved.<71>Ifoneconsiderstheenormousvarietyofcoursesoffered,itisnothardtoseehowdifficultitisforastudenttoselectthecoursemostsuitedtohisinterestsandabilities.71. 如果想一想那些為學(xué)生設(shè)置的門(mén)類(lèi)繁多的課程,我們就不難發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)一個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),要選一門(mén)符合他的興趣和能力的課程是多么困難。<72>Ifastudentgoestouniversitytoacquireabroaderperspectiveoflife,toenlargehisideasandtolearntothinkforhimself,hewillundoubtedlybenefit.72. 如果一個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)大學(xué)是為了想獲得一個(gè)對(duì)生活前景更廣泛的認(rèn)識(shí),為了擴(kuò)大思想境界和學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立思考,那么毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),進(jìn)大學(xué)對(duì)他是有好處的。<73>Schoolsoftenhavetoorestrictinganatmosphere,withitstimetablesanddisciplines,toallowhimmuchtimeforindependentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.73. 學(xué)校由于受課程表和紀(jì)律的約束,氣氛往往令人感到過(guò)于拘束,使學(xué)生沒(méi)有充分時(shí)間對(duì)規(guī)定要他做的事情有獨(dú)立的見(jiàn)解。Moststudentswould,Ibelieve,profitbyayearofsuchexplorationofdifferentacademicstudies,especiallythose"allrounders"withnoparticularinterest.74. 我認(rèn)為大多數(shù)學(xué)生,尤其是那些沒(méi)有偏重某一門(mén)課程的"全面發(fā)展的學(xué)生",經(jīng)過(guò)一年左右的時(shí)間對(duì)各門(mén)不同學(xué)科的鉆研,將會(huì)從中獲益。<75>Thereis,ofcourse,anothersidetothequestionofhowtomakethebestuseofone’stimeatuniversity.75. 當(dāng)然,關(guān)于一個(gè)人如何最充分地利用上大學(xué)的時(shí)間,還有另外一個(gè)方面。Thisisthecaseofthestudentwhoexcelsinaparticularbranchoflearning.76. 某一學(xué)科中出類(lèi)拔萃的學(xué)生就屬于這種情況。<77>HeisimmediatelyacceptedbytheUniversityofhischoice,andspendshisthreeorfouryearsbecomingaspecialist,emergingwithafirst-classHonourDegreeandverylittleknowledgeofwhattherestoftheworldisallabout.77. 他一畢業(yè)馬上就被一所他自己選中的大學(xué)所接受,再花三、四年時(shí)間,以?xún)?yōu)異的成績(jī)?nèi)〉脴s譽(yù)學(xué)位,成為一名專(zhuān)家,但對(duì)外界的一切卻幾乎一無(wú)所知。Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.78. 因此,如果要學(xué)生好好利用他們上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì),就應(yīng)該為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程方面更為詳盡的信息和更多的指點(diǎn)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題顯得越來(lái)越重要了。1987年考研英語(yǔ)所有那些努力工作的人都應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)。66.Allthosewhoworkhardshouldbeencouraged.我們懇切希望你早日給我們一個(gè)答復(fù)。Wesincerelyhopethatyougiveusanearlyreply.即使你說(shuō)服不了他,也不要灰心喪氣。Don’tfeeldiscouragedevenifyoushouldfailinpersuadinghim.這件事至今還沒(méi)有得出正確的結(jié)論。Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasbeendrawnonthematter.你講英語(yǔ)時(shí),發(fā)音要準(zhǔn),否則人家就聽(tīng)不懂你的意思。WhenyouspeakEnglish,yourpronunciationshouldbecorrect.Otherwiseyoucan’tmakeyourselfunderstood.Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletous,butactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.71. 對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),生活要是沒(méi)有廣大的城市地區(qū)似乎是不可想象的,但實(shí)際上城市還是比較按期才發(fā)展起來(lái)的。<2分>Historically,citylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.72. 從歷史上看,城市生活始終是文明的一個(gè)組成部分。<2分>Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversities,hospitals,largebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.73. 如果沒(méi)有城市的支持,簡(jiǎn)直難以想象會(huì)有大學(xué),醫(yī)院,大企業(yè),甚至連科學(xué)技術(shù)也不會(huì)有。<3分>Inrecentyears,however,peoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.74. 可是,近幾年來(lái)人們開(kāi)始意識(shí)到城市也是問(wèn)題成堆的地方。<2分>Butonebasicdifferenceofopinionconcernsthequestionofwhetherornotthecityassuchistobepreserved.75. 但是,一個(gè)最主要的分歧意見(jiàn)是,像目前這樣的城市是否還要保存下去。<3分>Andthereisalsotheobjectionthatthecityhasalwaysbeenthecorefromwhichculturaladvancementhasradiated.76. 同時(shí)也有人反對(duì)說(shuō),文化方面的進(jìn)步,始終是以城市為中心而向外輻射的。<3分>Tobesure,agreatrebuildingprojectwouldgivejobstomanyofthosepeoplewhoneedthem.77. 誠(chéng)然,一個(gè)宏偉的重建計(jì)劃也許能為許多需要工作的人提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。<2分>Fromagreementonthisgeneralgoal,wehave,unfortunately,inthepastproceededtodisagreementonspecificgoals,andfromtheretototalinaction.78. 遺憾的是,過(guò)去我們?cè)诳偰繕?biāo)方面意見(jiàn)是一致的,但涉及到各個(gè)具體目標(biāo)時(shí),意見(jiàn)就不一致,因而也就根本沒(méi)有什么行動(dòng)。<3分>..1988年考研英語(yǔ)惡劣的天氣使他無(wú)法按時(shí)動(dòng)身去北京。BadweatherpreventedhimfromstartingoutforBeijingontime.請(qǐng)先把事故的原因查清楚再向主任匯報(bào)。Pleasemakesureofthecauseoftheaccidentandthenreporttothedirector.直到演出已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,他才匆匆趕到。Hearrivedinahurryaftertheperformancehadalreadystarted.經(jīng)當(dāng)?shù)卣鷾?zhǔn)后,他們?nèi)∠嗽ǖ捻?xiàng)目。Withtheapprovalofthelocalgovernment,theycancelledtheoriginalproject.他聽(tīng)到這意外消息,吃驚得連一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。60. Uponhearingtheunexpectednews,hewassosurprisedthathecouldn’tutteraword.Clearly,thiswasapersonwhotookconsiderableprideinpersonalappearance.61. 他顯然,他是個(gè)對(duì)自己的儀表感到相當(dāng)自豪的人。Justasalltruckdriversandconstructionworkersarenolongernecessarilymen,allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen.62. 正像卡車(chē)司機(jī)和建筑工人再?zèng)]必要都是男的一樣,秘書(shū)和接待員再也不一定都是女的。Thesechangesarehelpingtoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando--buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemenwhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.63. 這些變化正影響著長(zhǎng)期存在的傳統(tǒng)觀念中關(guān)于男女各可以干哪幾類(lèi)工作的看法,但這對(duì)于進(jìn)入原先以婦女為主的那些的男人來(lái)說(shuō),無(wú)疑也帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題。"Idon’tknowofanydefiniteanswersI’dbecomfortablewith,"64. 我還沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)有任何使我感到滿(mǎn)意的確切答案。"Ifoundthatworkveryinteresting."herecalled,"andwhenIgotoutoftheserviceitjustseemednaturalformetogointosomethingmedical.65. 他回憶說(shuō)："我覺(jué)得那種工作十分有趣,當(dāng)我退役時(shí),對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),去干某種醫(yī)務(wù)工作,似乎是極其自然的。"Inotherwords,menenter"female"jobsoutofthesameconsiderationforpersonalinterestandeconomicnecessitythatmotivatesanyonelookingforwork.66. 換句話說(shuō),男人干起了"女人干的"工作,其動(dòng)機(jī)是同任何找工作干的人一樣,既出于個(gè)人的興趣,也出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要的考慮。Tochoosesuchalineofworkistoinviteridicule.67. 選定這一類(lèi)工作是會(huì)惹人笑話的。Canweanticipateadaywhensecretarieswillbeanevenmixofmenandwomen--orwhenthementionofamalenursewillnolongerraiseeyebrows?68. 我們是否能預(yù)見(jiàn)到這么一天：那時(shí)當(dāng)秘書(shū)的男女各占一半或有人提到某個(gè)男人當(dāng)護(hù)士時(shí),人們不會(huì)再感到吃驚?1989年考研英語(yǔ)請(qǐng)乘客們系好安全帶,以防碰傷。Alltravellersareadvisedtofastentheirsafety-beltstoavoidbeingbumped.除非安裝一條新的裝配線,否則提高產(chǎn)量是沒(méi)有指望的。Noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.有人提出,暑假期間安排一次到XX島的考察旅行。ItissuggestedthatanexplorationtourtotheHainanIsland<should>bearrangedduringthesummervacation.為了把課文中的難點(diǎn)解釋清楚,他舉了許多例子。Hegavelotsofexamplesinordertogetthedifficultpointsinthetextfullyexplained.護(hù)士們通常畢生致力于照顧病人。60. Nursesoftendevotetheirwholelivestotendingthesick.shelabouredoveramicroscope,hand-weldingtinyelectroniccomputersandturnedout18perhour.61. 她吃力地伏在顯微鏡上干活,手焊體積很小的電子計(jì)算機(jī),每小時(shí)能焊好18個(gè)。Aplantfollow-upsurveyshowedthatoneyearafterthelayoffsonly38%ofthereleasedworkersfoundnewemploymentatthesameorbetterwages.62. 一家工廠的跟蹤調(diào)查表明,被解雇的工人中一年后只有38%的人找到了與原工資相等或優(yōu)于原工資的工作。Itsbeginningsobscuredbyunemploymentcausedbytheworldeconomicslow-down,thenewtechnologicalunemploymentmayemergeasthegreatsocio-economicchallengeoftheendofthe20thcentury.63. 它〔新技術(shù)的采用導(dǎo)致失業(yè)上升一開(kāi)始被全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退所引起的失業(yè)所掩蓋,但到20世紀(jì)末,新技術(shù)所引起的失業(yè)問(wèn)題可能會(huì)構(gòu)成對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。"It’shumiliatingtobedoneoutofyourjobbyamachineandthereisnowaytofightback,butitistheefforttofindanewjobthatreallyhurts."64. 被一臺(tái)機(jī)器搶走你的工作是很傷自尊心的,可又沒(méi)法還擊,但真正傷我心的是要費(fèi)很大的勁去尋找新的工作。Theoldworkers,trappedbytheirlimitedskills,oftenneverregaintheiroldstatusandemployment.65. 老工人由于處于技術(shù)掌握得很有限的困境,往往不能重新獲得其原有的地位和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。Thesocialcostsgofarbeyondthewelfareandunemploymentpaymentsmadebythegovernment.Unemploymentincreasesthechancesofdivorce,childabuse,andalcoholism,anewfederalsurveyshows.66. 要付出的社會(huì)代價(jià)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)政府在福利與失業(yè)救濟(jì)方面的開(kāi)支。ButfuturologistHymenSeymoursaystheastonishingefficiencyofthenewtechnologymeanstherewillbeasimpleanddirectnetreductionintheamountofhumanlaborthatneedstobedone.67. 未來(lái)學(xué)家海曼·西摩說(shuō),新技術(shù)所具有的驚人效率意味著所需要的勞力將出現(xiàn)一個(gè)絕對(duì)的和直接的凈減數(shù)。Federallyfundedtrainingandfreeback-to-schoolprogramsforlaid-offworkersareunderway,butfewexpertsbelievetheywillbeabletokeepupwiththepaceofthenewtechnology.為失業(yè)工人提供的由聯(lián)邦政府幫助的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃和免費(fèi)重返學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的計(jì)劃目前都在實(shí)施中,但專(zhuān)家中幾乎沒(méi)有認(rèn)為這些計(jì)劃能跟得上新技術(shù)的發(fā)展步伐。1990年考研英語(yǔ)你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)核對(duì)全部資料,以避免嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。Youshouldcheckallthedatacarefullysoastoavoidseriousmistakes.盡管這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)復(fù)雜,他們決心按時(shí)把它完成。Althoughtheexperimentiscomplicated,theyaredeterminedtofinishitontime.一切跡象表明這個(gè)人對(duì)這里發(fā)生的情況毫無(wú)所知。Allsignsshowedthatthemanknewnothingofwhathadhappenedhere.只有那些不怕困難的人,才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。Onlythosewhoarenotafraidofanydifficultieshavethechanceofachievingoutstandingresultsintheirwork.這篇作品與其說(shuō)是短篇小說(shuō),不如說(shuō)更像是新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)。Thispieceofwritingismorelikeanewsreportthanashortstory.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.61. 他們想要說(shuō)明,為什么我們具有某些性格特征和表現(xiàn)出某些行為。Thosewhosupportthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.62. 在這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論中,贊成"天性"一方的那些人認(rèn)為,我們的性格特征和行為模式大多是由生物因素所決定的。Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.63. 這種理論的核心是,我們的環(huán)境同我們的才能、性格特征和行為即使有什么關(guān)系的話,也是微不足道的。Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.64. 行為主義者堅(jiān)信,人象機(jī)器一樣,對(duì)環(huán)境的刺激作出反應(yīng),這是他們行為的基礎(chǔ)。Supportersofthe"nature"theoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.65. 支持"天性"論的人堅(jiān)持說(shuō),我們生來(lái)就具有一定的學(xué)習(xí)才能,這是由生物因素決定的。Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.66. 行為主義者的看法是,如果一個(gè)兒童在有許多刺激物的環(huán)境里成長(zhǎng),而這些刺激物能夠發(fā)展其作出適當(dāng)反應(yīng)的能力,那么,這個(gè)兒童將會(huì)有更高的智力發(fā)展。IntheUnitedStates,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.67. 在美國(guó),黑人在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化智力測(cè)試中的成績(jī)常常低于白人。Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.68. 相反,行為主義者認(rèn)為,成績(jī)的差異是由于黑人往往被剝奪了白人在教育及其它環(huán)境方面所享有的許多有利條件。1991年考研英語(yǔ)Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytime,andinanycase,theoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse.71. 石油供應(yīng)可能會(huì)隨時(shí)中斷；不管怎樣,以目前這種消費(fèi)速度,只需30年左右,所有的油井都會(huì)枯竭。Newsourcesofenergymustbefound,andthiswilltaketime,butitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestorethatsenseofcheapandplentifulenergywehavehadinthetimespast.72. 必須找到新的能源,這需要時(shí)間；而過(guò)去我們感覺(jué)到的那種能源價(jià)廉而充足的情況將不可能再出現(xiàn)了。Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthis,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.73. 食品供應(yīng)的增加將趕不上人口的增長(zhǎng),這就意味著我們?cè)诩Z食的生產(chǎn)和購(gòu)銷(xiāo)方面正陷入危機(jī)。Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.74. 這種困境將是確定無(wú)疑的,因?yàn)槟茉吹膮T乏使農(nóng)業(yè)無(wú)法以高能量消耗這種美國(guó)耕種方式繼續(xù)下去了,而這種耕種方式使投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可獲得高產(chǎn)成為可能。Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore"unnaturalfood".75. 除非人類(lèi)終于意識(shí)到要把人口減少到這樣的程度：使地球能為所有人提供足夠的飲食,否則人們將不得不接受更多的"人造食品"。1992年考研英語(yǔ)<71>Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.71. 人們對(duì)智力這個(gè)詞所指的不同表現(xiàn)意見(jiàn)比較一致,而對(duì)這些表現(xiàn)如何解釋或分類(lèi)則有不同的看法。<72>Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.72. 批評(píng)智力測(cè)試不反映上述情況,猶如批評(píng)溫度計(jì)不能測(cè)風(fēng)速一樣。<73>Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa"valid"or"fair"comparison.73. 既然對(duì)智力的評(píng)估是比較而言的,那么我們必須確保,在對(duì)我們的對(duì)象進(jìn)行比較時(shí),我們所用的尺度能提供"有效的"或"公平的"比較。<74>Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcompared,ifanycomparisonintermsofintelligenceistobemade.74. 如果要從智力方面進(jìn)行任何比較的話,那么對(duì)所有被比較者來(lái)說(shuō),前兩個(gè)因素必須是一樣的。<75>Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidence,butonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherswithwhomheisbeingcompared,andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.75. 總的來(lái)說(shuō),得出這種結(jié)論是有一定程度把握的,但是必須具備兩個(gè)條件：能夠假定這個(gè)孩子對(duì)測(cè)試的態(tài)度和與他比較的另一個(gè)孩子的態(tài)度相同；他也沒(méi)有因?yàn)槿狈e的孩子所具有的有關(guān)知識(shí)而受影響。1993年考研英語(yǔ)Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.71. 科學(xué)研究的方法不過(guò)是人類(lèi)思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式,也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.72. 這并不是說(shuō)面包師或賣(mài)肉者所用的磅秤和化學(xué)家所用的天平在構(gòu)造原理或工作方式上存在差別,而是說(shuō)與前者相比,后者是一種更精密得多的裝置,因而在計(jì)量上必然更準(zhǔn)確得多。Youhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinduction<歸納法>anddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromNaturecertainnaturallaws,andthatoutofthese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.73. 你們都多次聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò),科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的,他們用這些方法,在某種意義上說(shuō),力求從自然界找出某些自然規(guī)律,然后他們根據(jù)這些規(guī)律,用自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng),建立起他們的理論。Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.74. 許多人以為,普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程相比,認(rèn)為這些思維過(guò)程必須經(jīng)過(guò)某種專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練才能掌握。<75>Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning,oftheverysamekind,thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.75. 在座的諸位中,大概不會(huì)有人一整天都沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行一連串復(fù)雜的思考活動(dòng),這些思考活動(dòng)與科學(xué)家在探索自然現(xiàn)象原因時(shí)所經(jīng)歷的思考活動(dòng),盡管復(fù)雜程度不同,但在類(lèi)型上是完全一樣的。1994年考研英語(yǔ)Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.71. 他們<新學(xué)派科學(xué)家們>說(shuō),科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說(shuō)源于天才偉人的真知灼識(shí),不如說(shuō)源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普通的東西。"Inshort,"aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,"thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections."72. 新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說(shuō)："簡(jiǎn)而言之,我們所稱(chēng)謂的科學(xué)革命,主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用,這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無(wú)所不及。"Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.73. 工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來(lái)在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.74. 伽里略的最光輝的業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谟谒?609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空,以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn),而不是圍繞地球。<75>WhethertheGovernment’sshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa<反之>oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.75. 政府究竟是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來(lái)增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入,還是相反,這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量。1995年考研英語(yǔ)71>Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.71. 把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試作為抨擊目標(biāo)是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)樵谂険暨@類(lèi)測(cè)試時(shí),批評(píng)者不考慮其弊病來(lái)自人們對(duì)測(cè)試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。72>Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.72. 這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí),這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性,以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.73. 因此,在某一特定情況下,究竟是采用測(cè)試還是其他種類(lèi)的信息,或是兩者同時(shí)使用,須憑有關(guān)相對(duì)效度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)依據(jù)而定,也取決于諸如費(fèi)用和有無(wú)來(lái)源等因素。Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined.74. 一般地說(shuō),當(dāng)所要測(cè)定的特征能很精確地界定時(shí),測(cè)試最為有效；而當(dāng)所要測(cè)定或預(yù)測(cè)的東西不能明確地界定時(shí),測(cè)試的效果則最差。75>Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.75. 例如,測(cè)試并不彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公；因此,它們不能說(shuō)明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人,如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話,會(huì)有多大才干。1996年考研英語(yǔ)Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.71. 在這些原因中,有些完全是自然而然地來(lái)自社會(huì)需求；另一些則是由于科學(xué)在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生某些特定發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果。72>ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.72. 這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無(wú)法詳盡預(yù)見(jiàn)的。73>Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.73. 給某些與當(dāng)前目標(biāo)無(wú)關(guān)但將來(lái)可能產(chǎn)生影響的科研以支持,看來(lái)通常能有效地解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。However,theworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld’smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.74. 然而,世界就是如此,完美的體系一般而言是無(wú)法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。75>Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.75. 同過(guò)去一樣,將來(lái)必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對(duì)象,給完美以新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1997年考研英語(yǔ)71>Actually,itisn’t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.71. 事實(shí)并非如此,因?yàn)檫@種問(wèn)法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同認(rèn)識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的,而這種共同認(rèn)識(shí)并不存在。72>Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements