高考英語二輪復(fù)習語法精講精練專題十三：虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞（含解析）

高考必考語法精講精練虛擬語氣三大板塊含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句名詞性從句賓語從句S.+wish（wouldrather）+賓語從句S.+suggest（demand…）+賓語從句主語從句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do表語從句S.+isthat+s.+(should)+do同位語從句S.+that+s.+(should)+do定語從句Itishigh/abouttimethat+s.+shoulddosth.(didsth)兩種形式1.時態(tài)后退型用一般過去表示現(xiàn)在用過去完成表示過去用過去將來表示將來2.should+動詞原形型語法專題十三：虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣是高考重要考點，《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱》附錄語法項目表中列出了虛擬語氣以及情態(tài)動詞。2015年高考全國卷Ⅰ第79題（短文改錯）考查了情態(tài)動詞must后面接動詞原形。2016年高考全國卷Ⅰ沒有考查情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣。2017年高考全國卷Ⅰ沒有考查情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣。知識框架一.含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句(以do為例;S=主語)時間條件狀語從句主句現(xiàn)在If+S+did(were)S+would/should/could/might+do過去If+S+haddoneS+would/should/could/might+havedone將來did(were)If+SshoulddoweretodoS+would/should/could/might+do例如:=1\*GB3①IfIwereyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.

=2\*GB3②IfIhadthemoney,Iwouldbuyit.=3\*GB3③IfIweregivenanotherchance，Iwoulddoitbetter.

=4\*GB3④IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadegreatprogress.=5\*GB3⑤Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedtheworksoeasily.=6\*GB3⑥Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathomeallday.=7\*GB3⑦Ifyouweretocometomorrow,Icouldwaitforyouathome.注意：在書面語中，條件從句可以不用連詞if，而將謂語中的were，had或should等移至主語之前構(gòu)成倒裝句。例如：=1\*GB3①WereIyou,Iwouldapplyforthejob.=2\*GB3②HadItakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadegreatprogress.

=3\*GB3③Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathomeallday.二、錯綜時間的條件句虛擬條件句中的主句和從句涉及的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時主句和從句的謂語形式應(yīng)按照各自動作發(fā)生的實際時間來表達。例如：=1\*GB3①Ifyouhadn'twatchedTVyesterday,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.（從句yesterday說明過去，主句now說明現(xiàn)在）=2\*GB3②Iftheyhadlefthomeearlythismorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.（從句說明過去，主句說明將來。）=3\*GB3③Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinthefuture.（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明將來）三、含蓄條件句非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句有三種情況：1．條件暗含在單詞短語中：常見介詞有with假如有,without假如沒有,butfor要不是因為；連詞有or/otherwise（前句用陳述語氣，后句用虛擬）；but（前句為虛擬，后句陳述）例如：=1\*GB3①Hewouldnotgetsucharesultwithoutyourhelp.(條件暗含在介詞短語withoutyourhelp=ifyouhadn’thelpedhim中)=2\*GB3②Butforyou,Icouldnotberecoveredsosoon.(條件暗含在Butforyou=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme中)=3\*GB3③Hemusthavebeenthere,orhenevercouldknowtheplacesowell.(暗含條件是連詞or；后句為虛擬)=4\*GB3④Iwouldhavebeentoyourplace,butIwasreallytoobusy.=Iwasreallytoobusy,or/otherwiseIwouldhavebeentoyourplace.=5\*GB3⑤Shewasill,otherwiseshewouldhavebeenpresentatthemeeting.（條件通過連詞otherwise/or表示出來Ifshehadnotbeenill...）2．條件可根據(jù)上下文推理出=1\*GB3①Theycouldhavewon.(條件可能是iftheyhadbeenpatient)=2\*GB3②Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.（條件可能是ifyouhadbeenmorecareful）=3\*GB3③Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutitIshouldhavehelpedyou.（條件可能是ifyouhadtoldmeaboutit）=4\*GB3④--Didyougotoseehimyesterday?--Iwouldhave,butsomeonecometovisitme.（條件是ifnoonehadcometovisitme）3．條件用其他形式來表示=1\*GB3①Supposeyouwereinmyshoes,whatwouldyoudo?（用suppose/supposing/providing等詞表示if）=2\*GB3②Totalkwithher,youwouldknowshecouldnothearwell.（不定式有假設(shè)的意思，相當于Ifyoushouldtalkwithher...）=3\*GB3③Lefttohimself,hecouldnothavefinishedthework.（動詞的-ed形式表示條件Ifhehadbeenlefttohimself...）二.虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中sb.did（were）…（表現(xiàn)在）1.wish+thatsb.haddone…（表過去）sb.would/coulddo…（表將來）例如：=1\*GB3①IwishIknewhisaddress.=2\*GB3②Iwishhehadn’tbeenrudetohisparents.=3\*GB3③Hewisheswewouldgowithhim.2.wouldrather后的從句要用虛擬語氣。時間從句對現(xiàn)在的虛擬were,did(一般過去時)對過去的虛擬haddone(過去完成時)對將來的虛擬were,did(一般過去時)例如：=1\*GB3①I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(現(xiàn)在)=2\*GB3②I’dratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.（過去）=3\*GB3③I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrow.（將來）3.表示“堅持、建議、決定、要求、命令”（“堅決要命”）等主觀意向的動詞之后的賓語從句，謂語用should＋do，should可省略(注意：被動語態(tài)用should+be+done)。這類詞有：insist，suggest，advise，recommend，propose，decide，determine，demand，request，require，desire，order，command等。例如：=1\*GB3①TheexpertproposedthatTVshouldbeturnedoffatleastonehoureveryday.=2\*GB3②Experimentsdemandthataccuratemeasurementsbemade.=3\*GB3③Sheinsistedthatweshouldtakeupthematteratthemeeting.

注意：1.suggest表示“暗示、表明”時，用陳述語氣。2.insist表示“堅持說、堅持認為（某個事實）”時，用陳述語氣。例如：=1\*GB3①Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.=2\*GB3②Heinsistedthathehadn’tstolenthemoney.三.虛擬語氣用在主語從句中Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，謂語動詞用shoulddo，should可省略。(注意：被動語態(tài)用should+be+done)。It+be可用的詞有三類thatS+(should)dosuggested，ordered，required，proposed，demanded,requested，insisted等（“堅決要命”）important,necessary,natural,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等例如：=1\*GB3①Itisrequiredthatthestudentsshouldnotusemobilephonesintheirschool.=2\*GB3②It’snecessarythatcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage.四．虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中。表示“堅持、建議、決定、要求、命令”（“堅決要命”）等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為should＋do，should可以省略(注意：被動語態(tài)用should+be+done)。這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation等。例如：=1\*GB3①Hegaveordersthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.=2\*GB3②Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoff．五．虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。表示“堅持、建議、決定、要求、命令”（“堅決要命”）等主觀意向的的名詞作主語時，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為should＋do，should可省略(注意：被動語態(tài)用should+be+done)這類名詞主要有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation等。例如：=1\*GB3①Mysuggestionisthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizes.=2\*GB3②Hisplanisthatheshouldpasstheexamfirst.六．虛擬語氣用在定語從句中Itis（about/high）time＋thatsb.didsth/shoulddosth.（注意：本句型中should不可省略）例如：=1\*GB3①It'sabouttimethatwewenthome.=2\*GB3②It’shightimethatweshouldgohome.注：在It/This/That+be+thefirsttime／secondtimethat．．．句型中，從句中謂語動詞用完成時態(tài)。例如：=1\*GB3①ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedHongkong.=2\*GB3②Thatwasthethirdtimethathehadmadethesamemistake.七.虛擬語氣用在讓步、方式、目的、不用if的條件狀語從句中1．在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。例如：=1\*GB3①Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.=2\*GB3②Iwouldn’tbuyiteventhoughIhadmoney.2.由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“had十過去分詞”。例如：=1\*GB3①HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.=2\*GB3②Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.3．虛擬語氣用在lest（唯恐、免得），forfearthat及incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中。在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動詞多由“should＋動詞原形”構(gòu)成，should也可省略。例如：=1\*GB3①Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain．=2\*GB3②Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfear(that)itshouldbedamaged.

=3\*GB3③Takesomemoremoneywithyouincaseyoushouldneedit.=4\*GB3④Hecanusethecaronconditionthatheshouldreturnittomorrow.八．虛擬語氣用情感語言中Ifonlysb./sth.+時態(tài)后退型的謂語。例如：=1\*GB3①Ifonlyyouwereherenow.=2\*GB3②IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.九．情態(tài)動詞+havedone的其他用法1.musthavedone：肯定/一定做過（某事）。例如：=1\*GB3①Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.=2\*GB3②Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktosuchafool.=3\*GB3③Hisi-phonemusthavebeenstolenbysomeone,hecould’tfinditanywhere.2.can’t/couldn’thavedone:不可能做過（某事）；一定沒做過（某事）。例如：=1\*GB3①Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Shecouldn’thaveattendedthemeeting.=2\*GB3②Hecan’thavegoneabroad，Isawhimamomentago.3.may/might/couldhavedone:可能做過（某事）。例如：=1\*GB3①Hemay/couldhavebrokenupwithhisgirlfriend.=2\*GB3②Hemighthavegivenyouhelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.4.may/mightnothavedone：可能沒做過（某事）。例如：=1\*GB3①Hemaynothaveseenthatfilm.=2\*GB3②Theymaynothaveknownitbeforehand.5.shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本來應(yīng)該做某事（而沒做）。例如：=1\*GB3①Youshouldhavefinishedyourworkontime.=2\*GB3②IoughttohavegonehomelastSunday.6.should’thavedone/ought’ttohavedone：本不應(yīng)該做某事（而做了）。例如：=1\*GB3①Youshouldn’thaveputyourbookonthebed.=2\*GB3②Heought’ttohaveblamedyou,it’snotyourfault.7.couldhavedone：本來可以做某事（而沒做）。例如：=1\*GB3①Youcouldhavepassedtheexam,youweretoocareless.=2\*GB3②HecouldhaveworkedinWuhanaftergraduation,buthedecidedtoworkintheremotecountryside.8.needn’thavedone：本來沒必要做某事（而做了）。例如：=1\*GB3①Youneedn’thavecomesoearly.=2\*GB3②Youneedn’thavetakenmyumbrellaonsuchafineday.9.wouldhavedone：本來會做某事；就已經(jīng)......例如：=1\*GB3①Hewouldhavecometohelpme,buthewastoobusythen.=2\*GB3②IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadegreatprogress.高考短文改錯及語法填空分析與訓(xùn)練·虛擬語氣與情態(tài)動詞考點規(guī)律分析：短文改錯及語法填空對虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞的考查主要涉及情態(tài)動詞的選擇、情態(tài)動詞的否定表達、情態(tài)動詞后面接動詞原形、should+動詞原形構(gòu)成的虛擬語氣以及時態(tài)后退型的虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣短文改錯及語法填空真題訓(xùn)練：1．(2016·全國Ⅰ，閱讀A)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchoolin1952,she________notfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.2．(2016·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯)Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.3．(2016·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯)Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.4．(2016·北京，31)Ilovetheweekend,becauseI________getupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.5．(2016·浙江，17)George________(go)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.6．(2015·北京，29)—Can'tyoustayalittlelonger?—It'sgettinglate.Ireally________gonow.Mydaughterishomealone.7．(2015·浙江，4)Itwassonoisythatwe________nothearourselvesspeak.8．(2015·重慶，12)You________beCarol.Youhaven'tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.9．(2015·陜西，21)You________feelallthetrainingawasteoftime，butI'mahundredpercentsurelateryou'llbegratefulyoudidit.10．(2015·四川，2)You________becarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts!11．(2015·福建，27)—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.You________havemadefullpreparations.12．(2015·天津，7)I________haveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.13．(2014·北京，27)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.14．(2014·湖南，25)—I'vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwe________(not)bringanythingwithus?15．(2014·江蘇，31)Itwassadtomethatthey，sopoorthemselves，________bringmefood.16．(2014·江西，30)Lifeisunpredictable；eventhepoorest________becometherichest.虛擬語氣短文改錯專項訓(xùn)練：1.ItishightimethatyouleaveforShanghai.2.Shesuggeststhatherbrothernotgoestocollege.3.Thejudgeinsistedthatthespywasputinprison.4.HowIwishIamasstrongasyou.5.Itisnecessarythatthepatient