$3$1 光隔離器及其它微光學(xué)器件課件

光隔離器OpticalIsolator

光環(huán)行器OpticalCirculator

光梳狀濾波器OpticalInterleaver——磁光晶體、雙折射晶體的應(yīng)用——蔡志崗光電材料與技術(shù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中山大學(xué)激光與光譜學(xué)研究所11/28/20221Faraday磁光效應(yīng)11/28/20222線(xiàn)偏振光變成橢圓偏振光11/28/20223Faraday效應(yīng)光路圖Ingoingthroughaslabofmagneticmaterial,alinearly-polarizedbeamoflightwithitsE-fieldalongtheX-axisacquiresacomponentofpolarizationalongY.ThelinesofB-fieldshownwithinthemediumrepresenteitheranexternally-appliedmagneticfieldortheintrinsicmagnetizationofthemedium.11/28/20225Faraday效應(yīng)Theeffectisalsoobservedatobliqueincidence.Shownhereisap-polarizedincidentbeam,whichacquiresas-componentupontransmissionthroughthemagneticmedium.(Iftheincidentbeamweres-polarized,themagneto-opticallyinducedpolarizationwouldhavebeeninthep-direction.)Ingeneral,uponreversingtheB-fieldfrom+Zto–Zdirection,themagneto-opticallyinducedcomponentofpolarizationchangessign.

11/28/20226正入射The20mm-thickslab(e

=

5.5,e′

=

0.01i)ismagnetizedalongtheZ-axis.11/28/20227P偏振斜入射The20mm-thickslab(e

=

5.5,e′

=

0.01i)ismagnetizedalongtheZ-axis.11/28/20228S偏振斜入射The20mm-thickslab(e

=

5.5,e′

=

0.01i)ismagnetizedalongtheZ-axis.11/28/202210FaradaymediuminaFabry-PerotresonatorX-polarizedcomponentY-polarizedcomponentqFis-23o(black)to+63o(white)hFis-32o(black)to+42o(white).11/28/202212LongitudinalgeometriesexzInthelongitudinalcaseatnormalincidencenopolarizationrotationoccurs,buttheeffectbeginstoshowupwithanincreasingangleofincidence.11/28/202214TransversegeometriesThetransverseeffectisverydifferentfrombothpolarandlongitudinaleffects.Withs-polarizedincidentlight,wheretheopticalE-fieldisparalleltothedirectionoftheB-fieldintheslab,thereisnoMOeffectwhatsoever,butforp-polarizedlightthemediumexhibitsaneffectiverefractiveindexn

=

[e

+

(e′2/e)]?.Thusinthetransversecaseneithers-norp-polarizedbeamsundergopolarizationrotation,butthemagnitudeofthetransmittedp-lightshowsaweakdependenceonmagnetization,thatis,Tp

=

|tp|2becomesafunctionofthestrengthoftheB-field.qB

=

66.9o11/28/202215實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置測(cè)量磁場(chǎng)的分布測(cè)量電流磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的關(guān)系分別測(cè)量?jī)蓚€(gè)偏振的光強(qiáng)測(cè)量偏振面的旋轉(zhuǎn)與橢偏度11/28/202216光路安排11/28/202217樣品位置11/28/202218磁場(chǎng)分布Flux-densitydistributionbetweenthepolepiecesfordifferentcoilcurrents.11/28/202220磁場(chǎng)線(xiàn)圈Meanfluxdensitybetweenthepolepiecesasafunctionofthecoilcurrent.11/28/202221Angleofrotationofthepolarization-planeasafunctionofthemeanflux-densityforλ=505nm.11/28/202223Angleofrotationofthepolarization-planeasafunctionofthemeanflux-densityforλ>595nm.11/28/202225Rotationanglevs.magneticfielddependence11/28/202226Magneto-opticalfilms11/28/202227磁光薄膜AnumberofdifferentmaterialshavebeenappliedasindicatorsinMOimaging:cerousnitrate-glycerol,variouseuropiumcompounds(EuS,EuSe)[H.Kirchner,Phys.Lett.26A,651(1968)]andbismuth-substitutedirongarnets[A.A.Polyanskiietal.Sov.Tech.Phys.Lett.15,872(1989)].Today,themostpopularindicatoristheferri-magneticBi:YIGfilmwithin-planespontaneousmagnetization.Applicationofaperpendicularmagneticfieldcreatesanout-of-planecomponentofthemagnetizationresponsiblefortheFaradayrotation.Asingle-crystalfilmwithtypicalthicknessofafewmicronscanbegrownbyliquid-phaseepitaxyonagadolinium-gallium-garnet(GGG)substrate.11/28/202228Verdet'sconstantasafunctionofthewavelength11/28/202230電流傳感器11/28/202231Magneto-opticalsetupTheMOindicatorisplacedinthelightbeampathbetweenapolarizerandananalyzercrossedby90degrees.Ifamagneticfieldispresentperpendicularlytothefilm,themagnetizationoftheBi:YIGwillbetiltedoutoftheplane.TheperpendicularcomponentofthemagnetizationwillcauseaFaradayrotationofthelight.Therotationanglewillbesmallwherethemagneticfieldissmall,andlargeinregionsofhighfields.Afterleavingtheanalyzerthelightwillthereforehaveanintensitydistributionthatreflectsthemagnitudeofthefieldintheplaneoftheindicatorfilm.11/28/202232magneto-opticalmicroscope

spatialresolution1micron,fieldresolution1Gausstemporalresolution10ms.11/28/202233磁光顯微鏡在超導(dǎo)中的應(yīng)用11/28/202234雙向-轉(zhuǎn)角加倍11/28/202235光隔離器11/28/202236光隔離器11/28/202237隔離度11/28/202238雙折射Birefringentcrystals

tComparedtoCalcite,YVO4hasbettertemperaturestabilityandphysicalandmechnicalproperties.Calciteishardtoobtainhighopticalqualitybecauseofitslowsusceptibilitytomoistureandlowhardness.tComparedtoRutile(TiO2)whichexhibitstoohighhardness,YVO4iseasiertobehandledforopticalsurfaceprocessingthatgreatlyreducescostoffabrication,especiallyforbatchproduction.tComparedtoLiNbO3,althoughtheyhavesimilarmechanicalandphysicalproperties,YVO4hasmorethanthreetimeslargerbirefringence,thatmakesyourdesignmorecompact.11/28/202239YVO4Crystals

TransparencyRange

hightransmittancefrom0.4to5mm

TransparencyCurveofYVO4(Thickness=1mm)

CrystalSymmetry

ZirconTetragonal,spacegroupD4hCrystalCell

a=b=7.12Å;c=6.29?Density:4.22g/cm3HygroscopicSusceptibility:Non-hygroscopicThermalExpansionCoefficient

aa=4.43x10-6/K;ac=11.37x10-6/KThermalConductivityCoefficient

ïïC:5.23W/m/K;^C:5.10W/m/KCrystalClass:Positiveuniaxialwithno=na=nb,ne=ncRefractiveIndices,Birefringence(Dn=ne-no)andWalk-offAngleat45o(r):

no=1.

9929,ne=2.2154,Dn=0.2225,r=6.04oº:at0.63mm

no=1.9500,ne=2.1554,Dn=0.2054,r=5.72o

º:at1.30mm

no=1.9447,ne=2.1486,Dn=0.2039,r=5.69o

º:at1.55mmSellmeierEquation(linmm):

no2=3.77834+0.069736/(l2-0.04724)-0.0108133l2

no2=4.59905+0.110534/(l2-0.04813)-0.0122676l2ThermalOpticalCoefficient:dna/dT=8.5x10-6/K;dnc/dT=3.0x10-6/K11/28/202240TransparencyCurveofa-BBO11/28/202241TransparencyCurveofCalcite

11/28/202242Glan-Taylor

Polarizer偏振器WavelengthRange:

190-3500nm(a-BBO),

350-2300nm(Calcite),

450-5000nm(YVO4)

SurfaceQuality:20-10scratchanddig

DimensionsTolerance:±0.1mm

BeamDeviation:<3arcminutes

Coating:SinglelayerMgF2onInputandoutputsurface

Housing:BlackAnodizedAluminum11/28/202243Glan-Laser

Polarizer

偏振器WavelengthRange:

190-3500nm(a-BBO),

350-2300nm(Calcite),

SurfaceQuality:20-10ScratchandDig

DimensionsTolerance:±0.1mm

BeamDeviation:<3arcminutes

TransmissionWavefrontDistortion:

<l/4@632.8nmfora-BBO

<l/2@632.8nmforCalcite

EscapeWindow:Double

Coating:SingleLayerMgF2onInputandOutputSurface

DamageThreshold:>1GW/cm2at1064nmfora-BBO

Housing:BlackAnodizedAluminum11/28/202244Glan-Thompson

Polarizer

偏振器Material:Calcite

WavelengthRange:350-2300nm

SurfaceQuality:60-40scratchanddig

DimensionsTolerance:±0.1mm

BeamDeviation:<3arcminutes

Coating:SinglelayerMgF2ARCoating@633nm

Housing:BlackAnodizedAluminum11/28/202245Wollastom

Polarizer偏振器Material:Calcite

WavelengthRange:350-2300nm

SurfaceQuality:60-40scratchanddig

DimensionsTolerance:±0.1mm

Coating:SinglelayerMgF2ARCoating@633nm

Housing:BlackAnodizedAluminum11/28/202246Rochon

Polarizer偏振器Material:a-BBO

WavelengthRange:190-3500nm

ExtinctionRatio:<10-6

Parallelism:<1'

SurfaceQuality:20-10ScratchandDig

TransmissionWavefrontDistortion:<l/4@632.8nm

Coating:SingleLayerSiO2onInputandOutputSurface

DamageThreshold:>500MW/cm2at1064nm11/28/202247窄帶偏振分離器Material:BK7GradeAOpticalGlass

DimensionTolerance:±0.2mm

SurfaceQuality:60-40scratchanddig

BeamDeviation:3arcminutes

ExtinctionRatio:>100:1

PrincipalTransmittance:Tp>99%andTs<1%

PrincipalReflectance:Rs>95%andRp<5%

Coatings:

Polarizationbeamsplittercoating:onhypotenuse

ARcoating:R<0.25%perfacefor4faces11/28/202248窄帶分束器Material:BK7GradeAOpticalGlass

DimensionTolerance:±0.2mm

Flatness:l/4@632.8nm

SurfaceQuality:60/40scratchanddig

T/R:

50/50±5%fornatruallight

T=(Ts+Tp)/2,R=(Rs+Rp)/2

BeamDeviation:<3arcminutes

Coatings:

Singlewavelengthpartialreflectance:onhypotenuseface

"V"AR-coatings:onallinputandoutputface11/28/202249LaserLinePolarizationBeamsplitterCoatings(LPS)11/28/202250偏振無(wú)關(guān)窄帶

分束器Material:BK7GradeAOpticalGlass

DimensionTolerance:±0.2mm

SurfaceQuality:60-40scratchanddig

BeamDeviation:3arcminutes

PrincipalTransmittance:Tp=Ts=50%±5%

PrincipalReflectance:Rs=Rp=50%±5%

Coatings:

Non-Polarizationbeamsplittercoating:onhypotenuse

ARcoating:R<0.25%perfacefor4faces11/28/202251窄帶BeamspitterPlateMaterial:BK7GradeAOpticalGlass

DimensionTolerance:±0.2mm

ThicknessTolerance:±0.2mm

Flatness:

l/4@632.8nmper25mm

SurfaceQuality:60/40scratchanddig

Parallelism:1arcminute

T/R:

50/50±5%,fornatruallight

T=(Ts+Tp)/2,R=(Rs+Rp)/2

Coatings:(Incidenceangle:45degree)

S1:Singlewavelengthpartialreflectance

S2:"V"AR-coatings11/28/202252寬帶BeamspitterPlateMaterial:BK7GradeAOpticalGlass

DimensionTolerance:±0.2mm

ThicknessTolerance:±0.2mm

Flatness:

l/4@632.8nmper25mm

SurfaceQuality:60/40scratchanddig

Parallelism:1arcminute

T/R:

50/50±5%,fornatruallight

T=(Ts+Tp)/2,R=(Rs+Rp)/2

Coatings:(Incidenceangle:45degree)

S1:Broadbandpartialreflectance

S2:BBAR-coatings11/28/202253寬帶偏振分離器Material:SF2OpticalGlass

DimensionTolerance:±0.2mm

SurfaceQuality:60-40

BeamDeviation:3arcminutes

PrincipalTransmittance:Tp>99%andTs<1%

PrincipalReflectance:Rs>95%andRp<5%

Coating:

BBARcoating:onallinputandoutputface

Broadbandpolarizationbeamsplittercoating:onhypotenuse11/28/202254寬帶分束器Material:BK7GradeAOpticalGlass

DimensionTolerance:±0.2mm

Flatness:

l/4@632.8nm

SurfaceQuality:60/40scratchanddig

T/R:

50/50±5%

T=(Ts+Tp)/2,R=(Rs+Rp)/2

BeamDeviation:<3arcminutes

Coatings:

Broadbandpartialreflectance:onhypotenuseface

BBAR-coatings:onallinputandoutputface11/28/202255偏振無(wú)關(guān)寬帶

分束器Material:BK7GradeAOpticalGlass

DimensionTolerance:±0.2mm

SurfaceQuality:60-40scratchanddig

BeamDeviation:3arcminutes

PrincipalTransmittance:Tp=Ts=45%±5%

PrincipalReflectance:Rs=Rp=45%±5%

Coatings:

BBARcoating:onallinputandoutputface

BroadbandNon-polarizationbeamsplittercoatingonhypotenuse11/28/202256BroadbandPolarizationBeamsplitterCoatings(BPS)11/28/202257DichroicBeamsplittersMirrors(DBS)11/28/202258偏振分離器11/28/202259光隔離器11/28/202260BirefringentMicro-Wedges11/28/202261楔形雙折射晶體偏振分束器11/28/202262偏振無(wú)關(guān)型光隔離器Wedge型偏振無(wú)關(guān)型光隔離器結(jié)構(gòu)11/28/202263偏振無(wú)關(guān)型光隔離器結(jié)構(gòu)二11/28/202264偏振無(wú)關(guān)型光隔離器結(jié)構(gòu)三11/28/202265BirefringentWedgesforFiber-OpticIsolatorsSpecifications

MaterialYVO4,LiNbO3CrystalAperture1.0×1.0mm2to2.0×2.0mm2DimensionTolerance±0.03mmWedgeAngleTolerance±0.1°OpticalAxisOrientation±0.1°Flatnessλ/4@632.8nmSurfaceQuality10/5ARCoatingR<0.2%atspecifiedWavelength11/28/202266楔型晶體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸CrystalXYZθφAR@YVO4XS=0.5mm2229.5°0°/90°1400～1500nmYVO4XL=0.89mm1.41.411.33°0°/90°1420～1495nmYVO4XS=0.5mm2.02.05°45°1550±40nmYVO4XL=0.5mm1.82.04°52.5°1520～1580nmYVO4XL=0.4mm1.261.268°0°/45°1500～1600nmYVO4XL+XS=2mm2.02.09.7°45°1570±50nmYVO4XL+XS=2mm2.02.018.1°45°1570±50nmLiNbO3XL=05mm1.251.2513°22.5°1550nm11/28/202267華科光電/福建華科光電有限公司（OCLI-CASIX）成立于1992年，現(xiàn)是跨國(guó)企業(yè)JDSUniphase的全資子公司，是