畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)某五層框架結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)生宿舍設(shè)計(jì)含外文翻譯

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)--某五層框架結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)生宿舍設(shè)計(jì)（含外文翻譯）第八章柱的配筋計(jì)算8.1柱的剪跨比和軸壓比的驗(yàn)算表8.1柱的剪跨比和軸壓比的驗(yàn)算柱號(hào)層次b/mmh0/mm?c/(N/mm2Mc/kN?mVc/kNN/kNA柱550046016.7126.9154.24261.364.59＞20.06＜0.75450046016.7189.0594.64599.793.92＞20.14＜0.75350046016.7227121.06957.223.68＞20.23＜0.75250046016.7240.78142.791359.633.31＞20.33＜0.75150046016.7394.54159.171777.344.86＞20.43＜0.75B柱550046016.7154.7770.46299.344.31＞20.07＜0.75450046016.7184.35127.62675.322.83＞20.16＜0.75350046016.7287.84169.961086.493.88＞20.26＜0.75250046016.7335.97199.951536.903.45＞20.37＜0.75150046016.7420.37190.742002.454.32＞20.48＜0.758.2A柱正截面承載力計(jì)算一、彎矩最大時(shí)柱的配筋1>判斷A柱是否考慮附加彎矩的影響：表8.2是否考慮附加彎矩影響的判斷表層次M1/kNM2/kNM1/M234-12(M1/M2)N/kN是否考慮附加彎矩554.66101.530.54<0.927.54185.330.04<0.925.40否498.6151.240.65<0.926.18458.050.11<0.923.28否3179.13181.60.99>0.921.83765.780.18<0.923.28是2184.37192.630.96>0.922.511065.920.26<0.923.28是1200.1315.630.63<0.926.391421.900.34<0.928.57是M1/M2<0.9;<0.9;;三者有一個(gè)不滿足，則需要考慮附加彎矩的影響；；其中，；；ζc—截面曲率修正系數(shù)；；當(dāng)ζc>1.0時(shí)，取ζc=1.0.當(dāng)小于1.0時(shí)，取=1.0.其中都滿足則不考慮。M=M2表8.3附加彎矩層次M2/kN·mM1/M2N/kNea/mmCmζcηnsM/kN·m3181.60.99765.78201.0011.08194.672192.630.961065.92200.9911.10208.651315.630.631421.9200.8911.12315.632>初步判斷按大偏心受壓構(gòu)件計(jì)算還是小偏心受壓構(gòu)件計(jì)算：表8.4初步判斷構(gòu)件的偏心情況表層次MNE0=M/N偏心5101.53185.33547.8320567.83138大偏心4151.24458.05330.1820350.18138大偏心3194.67765.78254.2120274.21138大偏心2208.651065.92195.7520215.75138大偏心1315.631421.90221.9820241.98138大偏心因?yàn)?gt;則初步判斷A柱各層都按大偏心計(jì)算.表8.5A柱配筋表層次ξbh0/mmN/kN/mm/mm/mm（）/mm0.002bh/mm2實(shí)際配筋5238185.3322.2080567.83357.83500438.604Φ144238458.0554.8680350.18140.18500424.674Φ143238765.7891.7180274.21484.21500354.864Φ1422381065.92127.6680215.75425.75500208.514Φ1412381421.90170.2980241.98451.98500725.284Φ16=360，（即對(duì)稱配筋情況）可得 ①當(dāng)ξbh0時(shí)，按小偏心受壓破壞計(jì)算；②若，得③當(dāng)ξbh0時(shí)，將帶人如果所求得值小于最小配筋量ρ,則應(yīng)取≥ρ=0.002二、軸力最大時(shí)的A柱配筋計(jì)算表8.6判斷構(gòu)件的偏心情況表層次N/kN/mm/mm偏心5229.8627.53238大偏心4551.1666.01238大偏心3869.65104.15238大偏心21188.14142.29238大偏心11506.54180.42238大偏心當(dāng)時(shí)為大偏心受壓構(gòu)件。都為大偏心，全面考慮可不進(jìn)行最大軸力的配筋計(jì)算。8.2B柱正截面承載力計(jì)算一、彎矩最大時(shí)柱的配筋1>判斷B柱是否考慮附加彎矩的影響：8.7是否考慮附加彎矩影響的判斷表層次M1/kN·mM2/kN·mM1/M234-12(M1/M2)N/kN是否考慮附加彎矩578.53123.810.63<0.915.08164.650.07<0.925.40是4137.44147.480.93>0.921.12364.250.16<0.923.28是3218.43230.270.95>0.921.35490.130.24<0.923.28是2259.11268.770.96>0.921.55606.410.33<0.923.28是1281.41336.290.84<0.919.66732.440.41<0.928.57是三者有一個(gè)不滿足，則需要考慮附加彎矩的影響；；其中，；；ζc—截面曲率修正系數(shù)；；當(dāng)ζc>1.0時(shí)，取ζc=1.0.當(dāng)小于1.0時(shí)，取=1.0.表8.8附加彎矩層次M2/kN·mM1/M2N/kNea/mmCmζcηnsM/kN·m5123.810.63164.65200.8911.04123.814147.480.93364.25200.9811.07154.283230.270.95490.13200.9911.06240.302268.770.96606.41200.9911.06282.241336.290.84732.44200.9511.06339.612>初步判斷按大偏心受壓構(gòu)件計(jì)算還是小偏心受壓構(gòu)件計(jì)算表8.9初步判斷構(gòu)件的偏心情況表層次MN偏心5123.81164.65751.9620771.96138大偏心4154.28364.25423.5620443.56138大偏心3240.30490.13490.2820510.28138大偏心2282.24606.41465.4320485.43138大偏心1339.61732.44463.6720483.67138大偏心因?yàn)?gt;則B柱各層都按大偏心計(jì)算表8.10B柱配筋表層次N（）0.002bh實(shí)際配筋5238164.6519.7280771.96561.965006124Φ20(1256)4238364.2543.6280443.56233.565005634Φ20(1256)3238490.1358.7080510.28300.285009734Φ20（1256）2238606.4172.6280485.43275.4350011044Φ20（1256）1238732.4487.7280483.67693.6750013444Φ22（1520）=360，（即對(duì)稱配筋情況）可得 ①當(dāng)ξbh0時(shí)，按小偏心受壓破壞計(jì)算；②若，得③當(dāng)ξbh0時(shí)，將帶人如果所求得值小于最小配筋量ρ,則應(yīng)取≥ρ=0.002軸力最大時(shí)的A柱配筋計(jì)算表8.11判斷構(gòu)件的偏心情況表層次N/kN/mm/mm偏心5272.0932.59238大偏心4628.6075.28238大偏心3982.30117.64238大偏心21336.66160.08238大偏心11689.86202.38238大偏心都為大偏心，全面考慮可不進(jìn)行最大軸力的配筋計(jì)算。8.3柱的截面受剪承載力計(jì)算以第一層A柱為例進(jìn)行計(jì)算。查橫向框架A柱剪力組合表得當(dāng)N=833.08kN故該層柱應(yīng)按構(gòu)造配置箍筋。柱端加密區(qū)的箍筋選用4肢Φ8@100,由柱的軸壓比表可得一層A柱底的軸壓比0.35,由柱箍筋加密區(qū)的箍筋最小配箍特征值表查得則最小體積配箍率取Φ8，，則167mm，根據(jù)構(gòu)造要求，取加密區(qū)箍筋為4Φ8@100，加密區(qū)長(zhǎng)為max（1.5hb，500），位置按規(guī)范要求確定。非加密區(qū)還應(yīng)滿足表8.12配箍計(jì)算表柱號(hào)層次/kN/kNN/kNkN/%實(shí)配箍率加密區(qū)非加密區(qū)A柱554.70960.25171.021252.5<00.4954Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)497.59960.25377.461252.5<00.4954Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)3123.79960.25552.771252.5<00.4954Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)2145.70960.25702.321252.5<00.4954Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)1152.82960.25833.081252.5<00.5264Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)B柱569.78960.25205.811252.5<00.4954Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)4128.46960.25428.081252.5<00.4954Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)3171.15960.25612.661252.5<00.4954Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)2201.21960.25758.001252.5<00.4954Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)1182.21960.25888.321252.5<00.5574Φ8@100（1.97）4Φ8@150（1.31)注：柱箍筋加密區(qū)的體積配箍率，二級(jí)不應(yīng)小于0.6%；第九章罕遇地震作用下彈塑性變形驗(yàn)算9.1罕遇地震作用下的樓層剪力1.仍?、彷S線的框架進(jìn)行計(jì)算。罕遇地震的地震影響系數(shù)最大值多遇地震作用下罕遇地震與多遇地震的影響系數(shù)之比為0.9/0.16=5.625.按照建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范，計(jì)算8度罕遇地震作用時(shí)，特征周期比多遇地震作用用時(shí)曾架0.05s，故將多遇地震層間剪力乘以，得到的罕遇地震作用下的樓層剪力，見表9.1表中表示⑨軸線框架的層間剪力。表9.1罕遇地震作用下的樓層剪力層次多遇地震作用下的樓層剪力/kN罕遇地震作用下的樓層剪力/kN/kN51066.86671.770.120803.7242030.112696.250.1201519.0132747.917185.370.1202056.1023243.320283.600.1202426.781351721995.320.1312877.799.2樓層受剪承載力計(jì)算（1）構(gòu)件實(shí)際正截面承載力。按框架梁、柱的實(shí)際配筋面積及材料強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值（柱還包括對(duì)應(yīng)于重力荷載帶表值得軸向力），分別按式梁柱來計(jì)算構(gòu)件端部的實(shí)際正截面承載力。下面以框架底層為例進(jìn)行說明，其中。AB框梁：左端同理得右端BC跨梁：左（右）端A柱查橫向框架A柱軸力組合表可求的B柱表9.2其余各層的計(jì)算結(jié)果層次AB跨梁BC梁A柱B柱左端右端左（右）端5115.7877.18115.7877.1879.6053.06147.85211.854195.26146.50195.26146.50165.79124.34198.45266.553301.44180.86241.15180.86165.79124.34243.12349.242376.32282.82282.82282.82207.24165.79286.54393.401361.73301.44301.44301.44207.24207.24358.61496.15第i層柱的相對(duì)彈性剛度k(i).式中為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層柱的線剛度。此處以2～4層為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層，設(shè)其相對(duì)線剛度為1，則1層，5層9.3樓層受剪承載力計(jì)算采用簡(jiǎn)化的柱底塑性鉸法計(jì)算，由式可以計(jì)算出各柱的受剪承載力，進(jìn)而按式確定樓層的受剪承載力。計(jì)算過程見下表9.3。表9.3樓層受剪承載力計(jì)算（kN)樓層12345邊柱A、D141.13148.87155.62172.62121.29143.2199.95109.2073.7886.44中柱B、C207.02207.02224.62232.16182.49200.99148.30165.41112.16133.52Vy(i)704.4785.01647.98522.87405.909.4薄弱層彈性層間變形驗(yàn)算由式可以計(jì)算出樓層的區(qū)服強(qiáng)度系數(shù)ξy，見下表。把這些值分別代入式來判斷薄弱層的位置。經(jīng)計(jì)算選出1、2層為薄弱層，其彈塑性層間位移計(jì)算結(jié)果見下表。有下表可見，最大層間彈塑性位移角發(fā)生在第層，,故滿足規(guī)范要求。表9.4樓層區(qū)服強(qiáng)度系數(shù)樓層123450.30.320.320.340.51表9.5彈塑性層間位移驗(yàn)算樓層22426.7889943.626.981.7753.961/6112877.7970476.440.81.8073.441/55第十章框架梁柱節(jié)點(diǎn)核芯區(qū)截面抗震驗(yàn)算框架梁柱節(jié)點(diǎn)核芯區(qū)截面抗震驗(yàn)算以一層節(jié)點(diǎn)為例。由節(jié)點(diǎn)兩側(cè)梁的受彎承載力計(jì)算節(jié)點(diǎn)核心區(qū)的剪力設(shè)計(jì)值，因節(jié)點(diǎn)兩側(cè)梁不等高，計(jì)算時(shí)取兩側(cè)梁的平均高度，即本例框架為二級(jí)抗震等級(jí)，其中為柱的計(jì)算高度，取節(jié)點(diǎn)上、下柱反彎點(diǎn)間的距離，即剪力設(shè)計(jì)值因?yàn)楸?0.1計(jì)算節(jié)點(diǎn)核心區(qū)的剪力設(shè)計(jì)值層次/mkN·m/kN53.04144.06359.4543.24394.24997.0233.135319.23801.8523.135445.821119.8313.1485674.421695.57節(jié)點(diǎn)核心區(qū)的受剪承載力計(jì)算，N取二層柱底軸力N=785.24kN，和兩者中的最小值，故取N=785.24kN。設(shè)節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)的配箍率為4Φ8@100，則表10.2節(jié)點(diǎn)核心區(qū)的受剪承載力計(jì)算層次N/kN/kN節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)的配箍率/kN5205.812087.52Φ8@100205.814235.512087.52Φ8@100235.513455.312087.52Φ8@100455.312639.892087.52Φ8@100639.891785.242087.54Φ8@100785.24框架梁柱節(jié)點(diǎn)核芯區(qū)截面抗震滿足要求。 第十一章基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)11.1尺寸的確定已知條件1.地質(zhì)資料：本工程地質(zhì)情況自上而下依次為：（1）雜填土，層厚1.5米，地基承載力fk=100kpaEs=6.0Mpa(2)黃土狀粉土，層厚5米，fk=130kpaEs=9.0Mpa；(3)卵石，勘探范圍內(nèi)未見底，fk=450kpa，Es=32Mpa，樁端端阻力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值fk=3300kpa，本工程以該層為持力層。2.水文資料：勘探范圍內(nèi)未見地下水，最大凍土深度1.03米。本工程選用直徑為1000mm的大直徑單樁，施工工藝為灌注樁。已知本工程地質(zhì)情況自上而下依次為：雜填土，層厚1.5米；黃土狀粉土，層厚5米；卵石，勘探范圍內(nèi)未見底，本工程以該層為持力層。水文資料：勘探范圍內(nèi)未見地下水，最大凍土深度1.03米。由建筑樁基技術(shù)規(guī)范可得，樁端全斷面進(jìn)入持力層的深度，碎石類土，不宜小于1d。則樁長(zhǎng)；取。對(duì)于持力層承載力較高、上覆土層較差的抗壓樁和樁端以上有一定厚度較好土層的抗拔樁，可采用擴(kuò)底；擴(kuò)底端直徑與樁身直徑之比D/d，應(yīng)根據(jù)承載力要求及擴(kuò)底端側(cè)面和樁端持力層土性特征以及擴(kuò)底施工方法確定；挖孔樁的D/d不應(yīng)大于3，則取D=2000mm。得a=500mm擴(kuò)底端側(cè)面的斜率應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際成孔及土體自立條件確定，a/hc可取1/4～1/2，則可取hc=1200mm?？箟簶稊U(kuò)底端底面宜呈鍋底形，矢高h(yuǎn)b可?。?.15～0.20）D，則取hb=300mm。11.2樁身配筋樁身混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)取C30。灌注樁主筋的混凝土保護(hù)層厚度40mm。灌注樁應(yīng)按下列規(guī)定配筋：配筋率：當(dāng)樁身直徑為300～2000mm時(shí)，正截面配筋率可取0.65％～0.2％，對(duì)于受水平荷載的樁，主筋不應(yīng)小于8φ12。本工程取，，取12φ22，。鋼筋間凈距=則滿足要求。圖11.1樁身配筋圖筋應(yīng)采用螺旋式,直徑不應(yīng)小于6mm，間距宜為200～300mm；本工程采用Φ8@200.受水平荷載較大樁基、承受水平地震作用的樁基以及考慮主筋作用計(jì)算樁身受壓承載力時(shí)，樁頂以下5d范圍內(nèi)的箍筋應(yīng)加密，間距不應(yīng)大于100mm；本工程在樁頂以下5m范圍內(nèi)的箍筋應(yīng)加密，加密區(qū)采用箍筋φ8@100的。因?yàn)殇摻罨\長(zhǎng)度超過4m時(shí)應(yīng)每隔2m設(shè)一道直徑不小于12mm的焊接加勁箍筋。則取φ12@2000的焊接加勁箍筋。11.3樁基承載力以軸力最大的⑨軸線的B柱下的樁為例。確定大直徑樁單樁極限承載力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，可按下式計(jì)算：查規(guī)范可得—樁身周長(zhǎng)?！獦抖嗣娣e。=3.14粉土卵石=3300kPa——地震作用效應(yīng)和荷載效應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合下，基樁或復(fù)合基樁的平均豎向力；——地震作用效應(yīng)和荷載效應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合下，基樁或復(fù)合基樁的最大豎向力(滿足（滿足）單樁水平承載力特征值：─樁的水平變形系數(shù)，；m─樁側(cè)土水平抗力系數(shù)的比例系數(shù),取m=75MN/m2，EI─樁身抗彎剛度，對(duì)于鋼筋混凝土樁─為樁身換算截面慣性矩：圓形截面為=─樁身換算截面受拉邊緣的截面模量，圓形截面為為扣除保護(hù)層厚度的樁直徑；，為鋼筋彈性模量與混凝土彈性模量的比值；.圓形樁：當(dāng)直徑d≤1m時(shí)，.─樁身配筋率?！獦督孛婺Ａ克苄韵禂?shù)，圓形截面；樁的換算埋深查規(guī)范的，ζN——樁頂豎向力影響系數(shù),─樁身換算截面積，圓形截面為N——在荷載效應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組合下樁頂?shù)呢Q向力。(滿足要求）11.4樁身承載力以軸力最大的⑨軸線的B柱下的樁為例。N——荷載效應(yīng)基本組合下的樁頂軸向壓力設(shè)計(jì)值；——基樁成樁工藝系數(shù)，。——混凝土軸心抗壓強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)值；——為樁身截面面積；。（滿足要求）第十二章板的計(jì)算12.1AB跨間板的計(jì)算板按考慮塑性內(nèi)力重分布計(jì)算。取1m寬度為計(jì)算單元。CDAB圖12.1A-B軸線間板的計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖混凝土采用C25(）鋼筋選用HPB300級(jí)鋼筋如圖12.1屋面板的計(jì)算取1m寬度帶為計(jì)算單元。B區(qū)格板的計(jì)算：計(jì)算跨度：截面配筋計(jì)算（1）確定截面的有效高度：假定鋼筋選用Φ8，短邊方向跨中截面長(zhǎng)邊方向跨中截面的支座截面（2）截面設(shè)計(jì)用彎矩設(shè)計(jì)值：由樓蓋四周板的支承簡(jiǎn)支考慮，邊區(qū)格板B的跨中彎矩和支座彎矩可減少20%。則跨中的彎矩折減系數(shù)為0.8。（3）受拉鋼筋的計(jì)算：近似取內(nèi)力壁系數(shù)按下式計(jì)算受拉鋼筋截面面積：，板內(nèi)一般配筋率較低，值較大，故是片安全的。12.1截面的配筋結(jié)果間表截面（mm）m/kN·m/mm2配筋實(shí)配（mm2)跨中長(zhǎng)邊7337Φ6@200142短邊8570Φ6@200142支座A-B85139Φ6@150189B-C8580Φ6@200142樓面板的計(jì)算取1m寬度帶為計(jì)算單元。B區(qū)格板的計(jì)算：計(jì)算跨度：截面配筋計(jì)算（1）確定截面的有效高度：假定鋼筋選用Φ8，短邊方向跨中截面長(zhǎng)邊方向跨中截面的支座截面（2）截面設(shè)計(jì)用彎矩設(shè)計(jì)值：由樓蓋四周板的支承簡(jiǎn)支考慮，邊區(qū)格板B的跨中彎矩和支座彎矩可減少20%。則跨中的彎矩折減系數(shù)為0.8。（3）受拉鋼筋的計(jì)算：近似取內(nèi)力壁系數(shù)按下式計(jì)算受拉鋼筋截面面積：，板內(nèi)一般配筋率較低，值較大，故是片安全的。12.2截面的配筋結(jié)果間表截面（mm）m/kN·m/mm2配筋實(shí)配（mm2)跨中長(zhǎng)邊7341Φ6@200142短邊8576Φ6@200142支座A-B85152Φ6@150189B-C8587Φ6@200142 結(jié)論通過為期兩個(gè)月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，總的體會(huì)可以用一句話來表達(dá)，紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行！。以往的課程設(shè)計(jì)都是單獨(dú)的構(gòu)件或建筑物的某一部分的設(shè)計(jì)，而畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)則不一樣，它需要綜合考慮各個(gè)方面的工程因素，諸如布局的合理，安全，經(jīng)濟(jì)，美觀，還要兼顧施工的方便。這是一個(gè)綜合性系統(tǒng)性的工程，因而要求我們分別從建筑，結(jié)構(gòu)等不同角度去思考問題。在設(shè)計(jì)的過程中，遇到的問題是不斷的。前期的建筑方案由于考慮不周是，此后在指導(dǎo)老師及教研室各位老師和同學(xué)們的幫助下，通過參考建筑圖集，建筑規(guī)范以及各種設(shè)計(jì)資料，使我的設(shè)計(jì)漸漸趨于合理。在計(jì)算機(jī)制圖的過程中，我更熟練操作AutoCAD、天正建筑等建筑設(shè)計(jì)軟件。在此過程中，我對(duì)制圖規(guī)范有了較為深入地了解，對(duì)平、立、剖面圖的內(nèi)容、線形、尺寸標(biāo)注等問題上有了更為清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)。中期進(jìn)行對(duì)選取的一榀框架進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)手算更是重頭戲，對(duì)各門專業(yè)課程知識(shí)貫穿起來加以運(yùn)用，比如恒載，活載與抗震的綜合考慮進(jìn)行內(nèi)力組合等。開始的計(jì)算是錯(cuò)誤百出，稍有不慎，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)與規(guī)范不符的現(xiàn)象，此外還時(shí)不時(shí)出現(xiàn)筆誤，于是反復(fù)參閱各種規(guī)范，設(shè)計(jì)例題等，把課本上的知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為自己的東西，使其更接近于實(shí)際工程。后期的計(jì)算書電腦輸入，由于以前對(duì)各種辦公軟件應(yīng)用不多，以致開始的輸入速度相當(dāng)?shù)穆?，不過經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的練習(xí)，日趨熟練。緊張的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)終于劃上了一個(gè)滿意的句號(hào)，從四月份至今，回想起過去兩個(gè)多月的設(shè)計(jì)收獲是很大的，看到展現(xiàn)在眼前的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)成果，不僅使我對(duì)四年來大學(xué)所學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)的進(jìn)行了一次比較系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習(xí)和總結(jié)歸納，而且使我真正體會(huì)了設(shè)計(jì)的艱辛和一種付出后得到了回報(bào)的滿足感和成就感。同時(shí)也為以后的工作打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，也為以后的人生作好了鋪墊。因此，通過本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，掌握了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容、步驟、和方法，全面了解設(shè)計(jì)的全過程；培養(yǎng)正確、熟練的結(jié)構(gòu)方案、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、構(gòu)造處理及繪制結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖的能力；培養(yǎng)我們?cè)诮ㄖこ淘O(shè)計(jì)中的配合意識(shí)；培養(yǎng)正確、熟練運(yùn)用規(guī)范、手冊(cè)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖集及參考書的能力；通過實(shí)際工程訓(xùn)練，建立功能設(shè)計(jì)、施工、經(jīng)濟(jì)全面協(xié)調(diào)的思想，進(jìn)一步建立建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)工程師的責(zé)任意識(shí)。通過近三個(gè)月的辛苦奮戰(zhàn)，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)工作已近尾聲。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是學(xué)生即將完成學(xué)業(yè)的最后一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié),它既是對(duì)學(xué)校所學(xué)知識(shí)的全面總結(jié)和綜合應(yīng)用,又為今后走向社會(huì)的提供實(shí)戰(zhàn)演戲的機(jī)會(huì)。是我們對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)理論的檢驗(yàn)和總結(jié)，能夠培養(yǎng)和提高獨(dú)立分析實(shí)際問題和解決問題的能力.致謝本設(shè)計(jì)在選題和整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過程中都得到了丁小軍老師的悉心指導(dǎo)。在此深表感謝，同時(shí)還要感謝在設(shè)計(jì)過程中給與我?guī)椭耐瑢W(xué)。在此學(xué)士論文完成之際，要感謝老師從一開始的論文方向的選定，到最后的整篇論文的完成，都非常耐心的給予我指導(dǎo)。同時(shí)給我提供了大量數(shù)據(jù)資料和建議，告訴我應(yīng)該注意的細(xì)節(jié)問題，細(xì)心的給我指出錯(cuò)誤，修改論文。在此，謹(jǐn)向老師們致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感謝！在論文的寫作過程中我學(xué)到了做任何事情所要有的態(tài)度和心態(tài)，首先我明白了做學(xué)問要一絲不茍，對(duì)于出現(xiàn)的任何問題和偏差都不要輕視，要通過正確的途徑去解決，在做事情的過程中要有耐心和毅力，不要一遇到困難就打退堂鼓，只要堅(jiān)持下去就可以找到思路去解決問題的。在工作中要學(xué)會(huì)與人合作的態(tài)度，認(rèn)真聽取別人的意見，這樣做起事情來就可以事倍功半?？傊?，此次論文的寫作過程，我收獲了很多。此次論文的完成既為大學(xué)四年劃上了一個(gè)完美的句號(hào)，也為將來的人生之路做好了一個(gè)很好的鋪墊。再次感謝在大學(xué)傳授給我知識(shí)以及給我?guī)椭凸膭?lì)的老師，同學(xué)和朋友，謝謝你們！參考文獻(xiàn)[1].王曉鵬、仲崇梅主編，簡(jiǎn)明建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè)，北京：冶金工業(yè)出版社，2000年5月[2].楊杰主編，框架結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算分析與設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例，北京：中國(guó)水利水電出版社，2008年7月[3].郭繼武主編，建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)，北京：高等教育出版社，2002年6月[4].梁興文、史慶軒主編，土木工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)，北京：科學(xué)出版社，2002年7月[5].朱顏鵬主編，鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)指南，北京：中國(guó)建筑出版社，2010年6月[6].孫維東主編，混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社。2003年3月[7].馬哲主編，房屋工程概論，北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，北京交通大學(xué)出版社，2009年8月[8].董軍主編，土木工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指南，北京：中國(guó)水利水電出版社，2002年3月[9].余志武、袁錦根主編，混凝土與砌體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，北京：中國(guó)鐵道出版社，2003年12月[10].莫海鴻、楊小平主編，基礎(chǔ)工程，北京：中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社，2008年9月[11].楊霞林、丁小軍主編，混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)原理，北京：中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社，2004年8月CivilengineeringintroductionpapersAbstract:thecivilengineeringisahugediscipline,butthemainoneisbuilding,buildingwhetherinChinaorabroad,hasalonghistory,long-termdevelopmentprocess.Theworldischangingeveryday,butthebuildingalsoalongwiththeprogressofscienceanddevelopment.Mechanicsfindings,materialofupdate,evermorescientifictechnologyintothebuilding.Butbeforearoomwithatiletocoverthetopofthehouse,nowforcomfort,differentideas,differentscientific,promotedthedevelopmentofcivilengineering,makingitmoreperfect.[keywords]:civilengineering;Architecture;Mechanics,Materials.Civilengineeringisbuildvariousprojectscollectively.Itwasmeanttobeand"militaryproject"corresponding.InEnglishthehistoryofCivilEngineering,mechanicalEngineering,electricalEngineering,chemicalEngineeringbelongtotoEngineering,becausetheyallhaveMinYongXing.Later,astheprojectdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,mechanical,electrical,chemicalhasgraduallyformedindependentscientific,toEngineeringbecameCivilEngineeringofspecializednouns.Sofar,inEnglish,toEngineeringincludewaterconservancyproject,portEngineering,Whileinourcountry,waterconservancyprojectsandportprojectsalsobecomeverycloseandcivilengineeringrelativelyindependentbranch.Civilengineeringconstructionofobject,bothreferstothatbuiltontheground,undergroundwaterengineeringfacilities,alsoreferstoappliedmaterialsequipmentandconductoftheinvestigation,designandconstruction,maintenance,repairandotherprofessionaltechnology.Civilengineeringisakindofwithpeople'sfood,clothing,shelterandtransportationhascloserelationoftheproject.Amongthemwith"live"relationshipisdirectly.Because,tosolvethe"live"problemmustbuildvarioustypesofbuildings.Tosolvethe"line,foodandclothes"problembothdirectside,butalsoaindirectside."Line",mustbuildrailways,roads,Bridges,"Feed",mustbewelldrillingwater,waterconservancy,farmirrigation,drainagewatersupplyforthecity,thatisdirectrelation.Indirectlyrelationshipisnomatterwhatyoudo,manufacturingcars,ships,orspinningandweaving,clothing,orevenproductionsteel,launchsatellites,conductingscientificresearchactivitiesareinseparablefrombuildvariousbuildings,structuresandbuildallkindsofprojectfacilities.Civilengineeringwiththeprogressofhumansocietyanddevelopment,yethasevolvedintolarge-scalecomprehensivediscipline,ithasoutmanybranch,suchas:architecturalengineering,therailwayengineering,roadengineering,bridgeengineering,specialengineeringstructure,waterandwastewaterengineering,portengineering,hydraulicengineering,environmentengineeringdisciplines.[1]Civilengineeringasanimportantbasicdisciplines,andhasitsimportantattributesof:integrated,sociality,practicality,unity.Civilengineeringforthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyandtheimprovementofpeople'slifeprovidesanimportantmaterialandtechnicalbasis,formanyindustrialinvigorationplayedaroleinpromoting,engineeringconstructionistheformationofafixedassetbasicproductionprocess,therefore,constructionandrealestatebecomeinmanycountriesandregions,economicpowerhouses.Constructionprojectishousingplanning,survey,design,constructionofthefloorboard.Purposeisforhumanlifeandproductionprovideplaces.Houseswillbelikeaman,it'slikeaman'slifeplanningenvironmentisresponsiblebytheplanners,Itslayoutandartisticprocessing,correspondingtothebodyshapelooksandtemperament,isresponsiblebythearchitect,Itsstructureislikeaperson'sbonesandlifeexpectancy,thestructuralengineerisresponsible,Itswater,heatingventilationandelectricalfacilitiessuchasthehumanorganandthenerve,isbytheequipmentengineerisresponsiblefor.Alsolikenatureintactshapedlikepeople,inthecityIdistrictplanningbasedonbuildhouses,andistheconstructionunit,reconnaissanceunit,designunitofvariousdesignengineersandconstructionunitscomprehensivecoordinationandcooperationprocess.Afterall,butisstructuralstressbodyreactionforceandtheinternalstressandhowexternalforcebalance.Buildingtotackle,alsomustsolvetheproblemismechanicalproblems.Wehavetosolvetheproblemofdisciplinecalledarchitecturalmechanics.Architecturalmechanicshavecanbedividedinto:statics,materialmechanicsandstructuralmechanicsthreemechanicalsystem.Architecturalmechanicsisdiscussionandresearchbuildingstructureandcomponentinloadandotherfactorsaffectingtheworkingconditionof,alsoisthebuildingofintensity,stiffnessandstability.Inload,bearloadandloadofstructureandcomponentcancausethesurroundingobjectsintheirfunction,andtheobjectitselfbytheloadeffectanddeformation,andthereisthepossibilityofdamage,butthestructureitselfhascertainresistancetodeformationanddestructionofcompetence,andthebearingcapacityofthestructuresizeisandcomponentofmaterials,crosssection,andthestructuralpropertiesofgeometrysize,workingconditionsandstructurecircumstancerelevant.Whiletheserelationshipscanbeimprovedbymechanicsformulasolvedthroughcalculation.Buildingmaterialsinbuildingandhasapivotalrole.Buildingmaterialiswithhumansocietyproductivityandscienceandtechnologyimprovesgraduallydeveloped.Inancienttimes,thehumanlives,thelineUSESistherocksandTrees.The4thcenturyBC,12~hascreatedatileandbrick,humansareonlyusefulsyntheticmaterialsmadeofhousing.The17thcenturyhadcastironandShouTielater,untiltheeighteenthcenturyhadPortlandcement,justmakelaterreinforcedconcreteengineeringgetvigorousdevelopment.Nowallsortsofhigh-strengthstructuralmaterials,newdecorationmaterialsandwaterproofmaterialdevelopment,criterionand20thcenturysincemidorganicpolymermaterialsincivilengineeringarecloselyrelatedtothewidelyapplication.Inallmaterials,themostmainandmostpopularissteel,concrete,lumber,masonry.Inrecentyears,byusingtwokindsofmaterialadvantage,willmakethemtogether,thecombinationofstructurewasdeveloped.Now,architecture,engineeringqualityfitandunfitqualityusuallyadoptedmaterialsquality,performanceandusingreasonableornothavedirectconnection,inmeetthesametechnicalindicatorsandqualityrequirements,underthepreconditionofchoiceofdifferentmaterialisdifferent,usemethodofengineeringcosthasdirectimpact.Inconstructionprocess,buildingconstructionisandarchitecturalmechanics,buildingmaterialsalsoimportantlinks.Constructionistothemindofthedesigner,intentionandideaintorealisticprocess,fromtheancientholeJuChaoplacetonowskyscrapers,fromruraltourbancountryroadelevatedroadallneedthrough"construction"means.Aconstructionproject,includingmanyjobssuchasdredgingengineering,deepfoundationpitbracingengineering,foundationengineering,reinforcedconcretestructureengineering,structuralliftingproject,waterproofing,decorateprojects,eachtypeofprojecthasitsownrules,allneedaccordingtodifferentconstructionobjectandconstructionenvironmentconditionsusingrelevantconstructiontechnology,inwork-site.wheneverwhile,needandtherelevanthydropowerandotherequipmentcompositionofawhole,eachprojectbetweenreasonableorganizingandcoordination,betterplayinvestmentbenefit.Civilengineeringconstructioninthebenefit,whilealsoissuedbythestateinstrictaccordancewiththerelevantconstructiontechnologystandard,thusfurtherenhanceChina'sconstructionleveltoensureconstructionquality,reducethecostfortheproject.Anybuildingbuiltonthesurfaceoftheearthallstrata,buildingweighteventuallytostratum,havetobear.FormationSupportbuildingtherockswerereferredtoasfoundation,andthebuildingsonthegroundandundertheupperstructureofself-respectandliabletoloadtransfertothefoundationofcomponentsorcomponentcalledfoundation.Foundation,andthefoundationandthesuperstructureisabuildingofthreeinseparablepart.Accordingtothefunctionisdifferent,butinload,undertheactionofthemarerelatedtoeachother,istheinteractionofthewhole.Foundationcanbedividedintonaturalfoundationandartificialfoundation,basicaccordingtotheburieddepthisdividedintodeepfoundationandshallowfoundation.,foundationandfoundationistheguaranteeofthequalityofthebuildingsandnormaluseclosebutton,wherebuildingsfoundationinbuildingunderloadsofbothmustmaintainoverallstabilityandifthesettlementoffoundationproduceinbuildingscopepermittedinside,andfoundationitselfshouldhavesufficientstrength,stiffnessanddurability,alsoconsiderrepairmethodsandthenecessaryfoundationsoilretainingretainingwaterandrelevantmeasures.[3]Aspeoplelivingstandardriseceaselessly,thepeopletotheirplaceofbuildingspacehasbecomenotonlyfromthenumber,andputforwardhigherrequirementfromqualityareputcarhigherdemandsthattheenvironmentisbeautiful,havecertaincomfort.Thisneedstodecorateabuildingtobenecessary.Ifarchitecturemajorengineeringconstitutestheskeletonofthebuilding,thenafteradornmentbuildinghasbecometheflesh-and-bloodorganism,finalwithrich,perfectappearanceinpeople'sinfront,thebestarchitectureshouldfullyembodyallsortsofadornmentmaterialrelatedproperties,withexistingconstructiontechnology,themosteffectivegimmick,toachieveconceptionmustexpresseffect.Buildingoutfitfixtoconsiderthearchitecturalspaceuserequirement,protectthesubjectinstitutionsfromdamage,giveapersonwithbeautifulenjoying,satisfytherequirementsoffireevacuation,decorativematerialsandschemeofrationality,constructiontechnologyandeconomicfeasibility,etc.Housingconstructiondevelopmentandatthesametime,likehousingconstructionasaffectingpeoplelifeofroads,Bridges,tunnelshasmadegreatprogress.Ingeneralcivilengineeringisoneoftheoldestsubjects,ithasmadegreatachievements,thefutureofthecivilengineeringwilloccupyinpeople'slifemoreimportantposition.Theenvironmentworseningpopulationincrease,peopletofightforsurvival,tostriveforamorecomfortablelivingenvironment,andwillpaymoreattentiontocivilengineering.Inthenearfuture,somemajorprojectsextimatedtobuild,insertrollerskyscrapers,acrosstheoceanBridges,moreconvenienttrafficwouldnotdream.Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andtheearthisdeterioratingenvironmentwillbepromptedcivilengineeringtoaerospaceandMarinedevelopment,providemankindbroaderspaceofliving.Inrecentyears,engineeringmaterialsmainlyisreinforcedconcrete,lumberandbrickmaterials,inthefuture,thetraditionalmaterialswillbeimproved,moresuitableforsomenewbuildingmaterialsmarket,especiallythechemistrymaterialswillpromotetheconstructionoftowardsahigherpoint.Meanwhile,designmethodofprecision,designworkofautomation,informationandintelligenttechnologyofintroducing,willbepeoplehaveamorecomfortablelivingenvironment.Theword,andthedevelopmentofthetheoryandnewmaterials,theemergenceoftheapplicationofcomputer,high-techintroductiontowaittowillmakecivilengineeringhaveanewleap.Thisisadoorneedscalmandagreatdealofpatienceandattentiveprofessional.Becausehundredsofthousands,evenhundredsofthousandsoflinestobuildingeachplacestructureclearlyreflected.Withoutagentlestateofmind,dowhatthingjustfloatingonthesurface,toanyabuildingstructure,tobeengagedinbusinessandcouldnothavehadaclear,accurateandprofoundunderstandingof,thenatureisnogood.Inthisbusiness,probablynotburnthemidnightoilofcourage,nottoreachthegoalofspiritnottogiveup,willonlybecompanieseliminated.Thisisaresponsibleandcaringindustry.Shouldhaveasingleresponsibleheart-Ione'slifeinmyhand,thousandsoflifeinmyhand.Sincethecivil,shouldchoosedependablyshouldertheresponsibility.Finally,thisisaconstantpursuitofperfectindustry.Pyramid,spectacularnow:TheGreatWall,themajestic...Butifnogenerationsofthepursuitoftoday,wemayalsousethesortoftheoldestwaytobuildthissamearchitecture.Designabuildingstructureisnumerous,butthisisallexperiencedcenturiesofclarification,throughcontinuousaccumulation,keepimproving,innovationobtained.Andsuchpursuit,notconfinedinthepast.Justthink,ifthedesignofabuildingcanbelikecalculationoneplusoneequalstwoassimpleandeasytograsp,thatwasnotforwhat?Therefore,acivilengineerisinconstantofinformation.Oneofthemostsimplestructure,theleastcost,thebiggestfunction.Choosecivil,choosingasteadfastdiligence,innovation,pursuitofperfectpath.Reference:[1]LuoFuWueditor.Civilengineering(professional).Introductiontowuhan.Wuhanuniversityoftechnologypress.2007[2]WangFuChuan,palacericeexpensiveeditor.Constructionengineeringmaterials.Beijing.Scienceandtechnologyliteraturepress.2002[3]jiangseewhales,zhimingeditor.Civilengineeringintroductionofhighereducationpress.Beijing..1992土木工程概論摘要：土木工程是個(gè)龐大的學(xué)科，但最主要的是建筑，建筑無論是在中國(guó)還是在國(guó)外，都有著悠久的歷史，長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展歷程。整個(gè)世界每天都在改變，而建筑也隨科學(xué)的進(jìn)步而發(fā)展。力學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，材料的更新，不斷有更多的科學(xué)技術(shù)引入建筑中。以前只求一間有瓦蓋頂?shù)姆课?，現(xiàn)在追求舒適，不同的思想，不同的科學(xué)，推動(dòng)了土木工程的發(fā)展，使其更加完美。[關(guān)鍵詞]：土木工程；建筑；力學(xué)；材料。土木工程是建造各種工程的統(tǒng)稱。它的原意是與“軍事工程”相對(duì)應(yīng)的。在英語中，歷史上土木工程、機(jī)械工程、電氣工程、化工工程都屬于CivilEngineering，因?yàn)樗鼈兌季哂忻裼眯?。后來，隨著工程科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，機(jī)械、電氣、化工都已逐漸形成獨(dú)立的科學(xué)，CivilEngineering就成為土木工程的專門名詞。至今，在英語中，CivilEngineering還包括水利工程、港口工程；而在我國(guó)，水利工程和港口工程也成為與土木工程十分密切的相對(duì)獨(dú)立分支。土木工程既指建設(shè)的對(duì)象，即建造在地上，地下，水中的工程設(shè)施，也指應(yīng)用的材料設(shè)備和進(jìn)行的勘測(cè)，設(shè)計(jì)施工，保養(yǎng)，維修等專業(yè)技術(shù)。

土木工程是一種與人們的衣、食、住、行有著密切關(guān)系的工程。其中與“住”的關(guān)系是直接的。因?yàn)?，要解決“住”的問題必須建造各種類型的建筑物。而解決“行、食衣”的問題既有直接的一面，也有間接的一面。要“行”，必須建造鐵路、道路、橋梁；要“食”，必須打井取水、興修水利、進(jìn)行農(nóng)田灌溉、城市供水排水等，這是直接關(guān)系。而間接關(guān)系則不論做什么，制造汽車、輪船也好，紡紗、織布、制衣也好，乃至生產(chǎn)鋼鐵、發(fā)射衛(wèi)星、開展科學(xué)研究活動(dòng)都離不開建造各種建筑物、構(gòu)筑物和修建各種工程設(shè)施。

土木工程隨著人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步而發(fā)展，至今已經(jīng)演變成為大型綜合性的學(xué)科，它已經(jīng)出許多分支，如：建筑工程，鐵路工程，道路工程，橋梁工程，特種工程結(jié)構(gòu)，給水排水工程，港口工程，水利工程，環(huán)境工程等學(xué)科。土木工程作為一個(gè)重要的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科，有其重要的屬性：綜合性，社會(huì)性，實(shí)踐性，統(tǒng)一性。土木工程為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活的改善提供了重要的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)眾多產(chǎn)業(yè)的振興發(fā)揮了促進(jìn)作用，工程建設(shè)是形成固定資產(chǎn)的基本生產(chǎn)過程，因此，建筑業(yè)和房地產(chǎn)成為許多國(guó)家和地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱之一。建筑工程就是興建房屋規(guī)劃，勘測(cè)，設(shè)計(jì)，施工的總稱。目的是為人類的生