高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題優(yōu)練2 閱讀理解 記敘文（解析版）

閱讀閱讀理解（記敘文）大題優(yōu)練2優(yōu)選例題優(yōu)選例題【例題】（2020·全國II卷）Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higherincomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskill.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperimental?A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)益智游戲是認(rèn)知的一個重要預(yù)測因素。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段“...foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.”，故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段“Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.”（萊文說，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家長對話量的差異后，益智游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是認(rèn)知能力的一個顯著預(yù)測因素。），故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息，定位到最后一段“However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls...”，故選D。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，益智游戲是認(rèn)知的一個重要預(yù)測因素。故選B。模擬優(yōu)練模擬優(yōu)練（一）Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonlyfemaleinanexplorationgroupofmorethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmericanhistory.In1803,PresidentThomasJeffersonboughtmorethan825,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.Toexplorethisnewpartofthecountry,JeffersonsentLewisandWilliamClarkonatwo-yearjourneytoreportonwhattheyfound.Theyneededlocalguidestohelpthemthroughthisunknownterritory.BorntoaShoshonechiefaround1788,Sacagaweahadbeenkidnapped(綁架)byanenemytribewhenshewasabout12,thensoldtoaFrench-Canadiantrapper.WhenthetrapperwashiredasaguideforLewisandClark'sexpeditionin1804,SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNative-Americanpeopleontheir8,000-milejourney.Sacagaweasoonbecamearespectedmemberofthegroup.Shewasskilledatfindingplantsforfoodandmedicinetohelpkeeptheexplorersalive.Whenaboatcapsized(翻)ontheMissouriRiverastheywerecrossingintowhatisnowMontana,Sacagaweasavedimportantbooksandmuch-neededsupplies.Whentheyneededhorsestocrossrougharea,sheconvincedaShoshonetribe—ledbyherlong-lostbrother—togivethemsome.ShewassoesteemedbyLewisandClarkthatwhentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort(營地).SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.Astheypassedthroughherhomeland,SacagawearememberedShoshonetrailsfromherchildhoodandhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.ShereceivednopayforherservicesanddiedonDecember20,1812.ButSacagawea'sbraveryandskillliveonintheexpedition'sjournals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16-year-oldShoshonegirlwhoguidedthemostfamousAmericanexpeditionofalltime.5．WhydidtheexplorershireSacagawea?A．Todotrade. B．Tofighttheenemy.C．Tobesafer. D．Tohelpcommunicate.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“esteemed”inParagraph4mean?A．Respected. B．Suspected.C．Influenced. D．Promoted.7．WhatdoyouthinkofSacagawea'sroleintheexpedition?A．Active. B．Irreplaceable.C．Tricky. D．Unreliable.8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aspecialhonor. B．Agreatexpedition.C．Anoutstandinggirl. D．Anunknownterritory.【答案】5-8DABC【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述女孩Sacagawea幫助探險隊(duì)成功探險的故事。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNative-Americanpeopleontheir8,000-milejourney.可知，探險家雇傭Sacagawea目的是幫助他們和當(dāng)?shù)赜〉诎踩私涣?。故選D。6．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后半句whentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort.當(dāng)他們在1805年11月到達(dá)太平洋時，Sacagawea被要求投票決定他們應(yīng)該在哪里建造營地?？赏浦?，Sacagawea受到Lewis和Clark

的尊敬，他們才會要求Sacagawea決定在哪里露營；由此可知，劃線單詞“esteemed”的意思是repected“尊敬”之意，故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段描述SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.…andhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.Sacagawea再次證明了自己的能力，她的團(tuán)隊(duì)選擇了一條不同的路線，穿過現(xiàn)在的愛達(dá)荷州回家。當(dāng)他們經(jīng)過她的家鄉(xiāng)時，Sacagawea想起了她童年時在Shoshone部落留下的足跡，并幫助探險隊(duì)找到了道路。Clark甚至稱贊她是他的“領(lǐng)航員”。可知，Sacagawea在探險活動的地位是無可替代的。故選B。8．主旨大意題。本文講述女孩Sacagawea幫助探險隊(duì)成功探險的故事，由此可知，Anoutstandinggirl.一個杰出的女孩。切題。故選C。(二)AfellowspeakerfromCalifornianamedGeriflewtoJapan,inherfavoritejeansandacasualjacket,togiveherfirstspeech.Fourteenhourslater,fourperfectlydressedJapanesegentlemengreetedheratNaritaAirport.Smilingandbowinglow,theyhandedhertheirbusinesscards.Withherbaginonehand,Geritooktheircardswiththeother.Shethankedthem,glancedbrieflyatthecards,andputthemintoherjeanspocketquickly.Whenthefiveofthemarrivedatthehotel,theyinvitedGeritoteainthelobby(大廳).Whilesippingtea,thegentlemenpresentedherwithasmallgiftwhichsheeagerlyopened.Shewasthrilledwiththegiftandshoutedexcitedly,“Oh,it’sbeautiful!”Atthispoint,thefourJapanesegentlemenstoodupand,bowingonlyveryslightly,said“Sayonara”andleftimmediately.PoorGeriwasleftastonished.Whatdidshedowrong?Everything!Herjeanswerethefirstgaffe.Evenifyou’recomingoffabicycleinJapan,youdonotmeetc1ients(客人)casuallydressed.ThesecondmistakewasGeri’shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.InJapan,thebusinesscardisoneofthemostimportantcommunicativetools.Itisalwayspresentedandacceptedrespectfullywithbothhands.However,Geriputtheircardsawaymuchtooquickly.InJapan,peopleusebusinesscardsasaconversationstarter.Youchatabouteachother’scardsandworkanddonotputtheirsawayuntiltheygentlyandrespectfullyplaceyoursinsafekeeping.Puttingitcarelesslyintoherjeanspocketwastheultimatedisrespect.Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.Whatisworse,Gerihadn’tevengiventhemagift!9．InthefourJapanesegentlemen’seyes,Geritooktheircards_____________.A．excitedly B．embarrassingly C．politely D．disrespectfully10．WhydidthefourJapanesegentlemenleaveGerisuddenly?A．Becausetheycouldn’tbearGeri’sbehavioranylonger.B．Becausetheyhadfinishedthetask.C．BecauseGerihadsomethingmoreimportanttodo.D．BecauseGerifeltembarrassed.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gaffe”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Ignorance. B．Sadness. C．Mistake. D．Carelessness.12．Whatlessoncanwedrawfromthisstory?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Thinktwicebeforeyoutakeanyaction.C．WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.D．Don'tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．C【解析】這是一篇記敘文，主要講述了一個叫格瑞的美國人來到日本，因?yàn)椴涣私馊毡镜亩Y儀文化而做的一些不合時宜的事。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.”可知，第二個錯誤是格瑞粗魯?shù)靥幚硭麄兊拿?，由此可推斷，在四位日本紳士的眼里，格瑞十分不恭敬地接過了他們的名片。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.Whatisworse,Gerihadn’tevengiventhemagift!”可知，然后，第四個可怕的事情是，格瑞不應(yīng)該在她的客戶面前打開禮物。在一個面子至關(guān)重要的國家，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)他們送的禮物沒有收到的那么好，那就很尷尬了。更糟糕的是，格瑞甚至沒有給他們禮物！由此判斷出，這些男士認(rèn)為格瑞的做法極為不禮貌，已經(jīng)無法忍受，所以離開了，故選A。11．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段最后的“Whatdidshedowrong？”（她哪里做的不對）以及第四段“Thesecondmistake”（第二個錯誤）可知，劃線詞的意思是“錯誤”，指的是她的牛仔褲是第一個錯誤。故選C。12．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了一個叫格瑞的美國人來到日本，因?yàn)椴涣私馊毡镜亩Y儀文化而做的一些不合時宜的事。由此判斷出，我們從故事中學(xué)到要入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。故選C。（三）Formostpeople,graduationisanexcitingdaythecelebrationofyearsofhardwork.Mygraduationday...wasnot.Irememberthatweekendtwoyearsago.Familyandfriendshadflowninfromacrossthecountrytowatchourclasswalkacrossthatstage.Butlikeeveryoneelseinmygraduatingclass,Ihadwatchedtheeconomyturnfrombadtoworse.WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwoandthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,Ifoundmyselfintheexactsamespotas1wasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanswascreepingevercloser.Youknowthatfeelingwhenyouwakeupandyouarejustconsumedwithfear?Fearaboutsomethingyoucan'tcontrol—thatsenseofapproachingfailurethatremainsoveryouasyouhopethateverythingthathappenedtoyouthusfarwasjustabaddream?Thatfeelingbecameaconstantinmylife.Andthemostfrustratingpartwasnomatterhowmuch1tried,1justcouldn'tseemtomakeanyprogress.SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity(理智)?Iwrote.Somethingaboutputtingwordsonapagemadeeverythingseemalittleclearer—alittlebrighter.Somethingaboutwritinggavemehope.Andifyouwantsomethingbadlyenough.Sometimesalittlehopeisallyouneed!SoIchanneledmyfrustrationintoachildren'sbook.Andthenoneday,withoutanysortofwritingdegreeorcontactsinthewritingworld—justalotofhardworkandperseverance—Iwasofferedapublishingcontractformyfirstbook!Afterthat,thingsslowlybegantofallintoplace.1wasofferedasecondbookdeal.Then,afewmonthslater,IgotaninterviewwithTheWaltDisneyCompanyandwashiredshortlyafter.Themoralofthisstoryis...don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.Thingschangeifyouworkhard,giveittime,anddon'tgiveup,thingswillalwaysgetbetterOftentimesallweneedisthecouragetopushbeyondtheriver.13．FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthattheauthorprobably.A．washavinganexcitinggraduationB．wasgettingintofinancialdifficultiesC．missedthelifeintheuniversityD．hadjustappliedforthestudentloans14．Howdidtheauthorchangethefrustratingsituation?A．Bysendingapplications. B．Byofferingcontracts.C．Bykeepingwriting. D．Bypublishingbooks.15．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“bleak”inthelastparagraph?A．Unattractive. B．Hopeless.C．Thrilling. D．Promising.16．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Successbelongstothepersevering.B．Acontentedmindisaperpetual（長久的）feast.C．Asmoothseanevermakesaskillfulmariner.D．Misfortunestelluswhatfortuneis.【答案】13.B 14.C 15.B 16.A【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。主要介紹了作者在畢業(yè)后經(jīng)歷了失敗和恐懼，然后依靠堅(jiān)持寫作走出困境的勵志文章。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四、五句“WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwo,andthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,IfoundmyselfintheexactsamespotasIwasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanswascreepingevercloser.”可知，作者在畢業(yè)后難以找到工作，而學(xué)生貸款還款期限日益逼近，作者無力償還，由此可知作者陷入經(jīng)濟(jì)困難。故選B項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一、二句“SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity(理智)?Iwrote.”以及第六句“SoIchanneledmyfrustrationintoachildren'sbook.”可知，作者通過堅(jiān)持寫作來改變自己的令人沮喪的處境。故選C項(xiàng)。15．猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一、二句“Themoralofthisstoryis…don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.”可知，能夠?qū)е履銓σ患虑榈姆艞?，這件事可能是無望的或者是糟糕的，所以能夠替換bleak的詞是hopeless。故選B項(xiàng)。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Themoralofthisstoryis...don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.ThingschangeIfyouworkhard,giveittime,anddon'tgiveup,thingswillalwaysgetbetterOftentimesallweneedisthecouragetopushbeyondtheriver.”可知，本文主要談?wù)摰氖浅晒儆趫?jiān)忍不拔的人。故選A項(xiàng)。(四)Igrewupwithafour-yeargap(差距)betweenmyselfandmyyoungerbrother.Itwasanenoughdistanceinagetokeepuscloseaswegotolder,butalsoenoughofanagegaptomakesurewelivedourownlivesincompletelydifferentways.HavingayoungerbrotherwhileIwasagirlwasalotofworkfortherewasalotoffighting.However,aswe'vegotolder,we'vebecomecloser,andI'velearnedseveralthingsinlifefrommyyoungerbrotherthatIdidn'trealizeIneededbefore.MyyoungerbrotherisoneofthemosttalentedandcreativesoulsI'veknown.He'sconstantlyfeedinghiscreativitywithnewartforms,newinstruments.Healwaysseekstounderstandandlearnmoreabouttheworldaroundhim.He'shelpedremindmethroughhisactionsandwordsthatgivinguponcreativityissomethingapersonshouldneverdo.Myyoungerbrotherhasalwaysbeenamoreintrovertedtype,andifyouspeaktohim,you'reluckytogetoverthreewordsoutofhimatatime.Becauseofthis,he'scertainlylearnedthewhole“actionsspeaklouderthanwords”thing.But,I'verealizedfrommybrotherthatIneedn'tspeaktofillthesilence.Sometimes,it'snecessarytospendsomeofyourtimeinsilenceandreflectinit.Myyoungerbrotherhasalsobeenthroughhardtimes,buthe'sabletofocusonlearningfromthehardtimes,unlikeme,whotendstoholdontoeverylittlethingfrommylife.It'salwaysbeendifficultformetoletthingsgoandmoveon,butmyyoungerbrotherhasbeenaninspirationformetotryharderatlettinggo.17．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgrowingupastheoldersister?A．Itisagreatadvantage.B．Ittendstobeenjoyable.C．Itistroublingbutinspiring.D．Itisn'talwaysfunandeasy.18．Whatdoestheauthor'syoungerbrother'sactionssuggesttoher?A．SheshouldfocusonthepastandthepresentB．Sheshouldneverstopfeedinghercreativity.C．Sheshouldmoveonwiththepastkeptinmind.D．Sheshouldexplaineverylittledetailofsomething.19．Whatmighttheintrovertedpeoplebelikeaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Theyarequiet.B．Theyarequick.C．Theyarenoisy.D．Theyarefriendly.20．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheGoodRelationshipsbetweenMyBrotherandMeB．TheInspirationsMyYoungerBrotherwasGivenC．LessonsMyLittleBrotherHelpedMeLearnD．TheGreatQualitiesofMyLittleBrother【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文，作者作為一個姐姐，從弟弟那學(xué)習(xí)到了很多。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“HavingayoungerbrotherwhileIwasagirlwasalotofworkfortherewasalotoffighting.”當(dāng)我還是個小女孩的時候，有個弟弟對我來說是件很辛苦的事，因?yàn)榻?jīng)常會吵架。第二段進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折“However,aswe'vegotolder,we'vebecomecloser,andI'velearnedseveralthingsinlifefrommyyoungerbrotherthatIdidn'trealizeIneededbefore.”然而，隨著我們年齡的增長，我們的關(guān)系越來越親密，我從弟弟身上學(xué)到了很多以前我不知道自己需要的東西。所以作者作為一個姐姐，覺得麻煩但是鼓舞人心。故選C項(xiàng)。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“He'shelpedremindmethroughhisactionsandwordsthatgivinguponcreativityissomethingapersonshouldneverdo.”他用行動和言語提醒我，放棄創(chuàng)造力是一個人永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng)該做的事。所以弟弟給姐姐的建議是永遠(yuǎn)不要停止創(chuàng)造。故選B項(xiàng)。19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Myyoungerbrotherhasalwaysbeenamoreintrovertedtype,andifyouspeaktohim,you'reluckytogetoverthreewordsoutofhimatatime.”我弟弟一直比較內(nèi)向，如果你跟他說話，能一次說出三個字就很幸運(yùn)了。可知introvertedpeople指的是很內(nèi)向安靜的人，故選A項(xiàng)。20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“andI'velearnedseveralthingsinlifefrommyyoungerbrotherthatIdidn'trealizeIneededbefore.”在生活中，我從弟弟那里學(xué)到了很多以前我不知道自己需要的東西。作者在此展開敘述，講述弟弟的優(yōu)點(diǎn)對自己的影響，所以本文的主旨是我從弟弟那里學(xué)到的課程。故選C項(xiàng)。(五)Lastyear,myoldestsonMatthewwentofftocollege.Thingsathomewerenotas“busy”astheyusedtobe.Westillhadour15-year-oldsonGabrielwithus,butwemissedhavingMatthewaround.Mywifesoonhadacrazyidea.“Let’sgetadog.”shesuggested.Iwasn’texactlythrilledwiththeidea,butIagreed.Imean,whatbetterwaytoreplaceakidthathasgoneofftocollegethantogetadog.Whenwegottotheanimalshelter,itseemedlikeeverydogwasapitbull(比特犬).I’dhadmanybadexperienceswithpitbullsasachild,soIdidn’twanttotakeoneofthemhomewithme.WhileIwalkedalongtherowsandrowsofcoldmetalcages,adogcaughtmyeye.Hewasscared,andlookedlikehe’dgivenuponlife.Therewasonlyoneproblem:hewasapitbull.Ashelookedatmewithhisbig,beautifuleyes,Icouldseeintohissoul.Icouldseehowscaredhewasandthathejustwantedahappylife.Icouldn’tjustwalkaway—Ihadtoatleastgooverandlookathim.Iapproachedhiscage,andhejustsatthere,lookingatme.Istuckmyfingerthroughtheholeinthecageandpettedhimonthehead.Iexpectedhimtogetmad,buthedidn’t.Iknewthatthisdoghadneverfeltlovebefore,andthathewasenjoyingeverybitoftheloveIcouldgivehiminthatmoment.TearsbegantostreamdownmyfacebecauseIfelteverythingthatthispoorcreaturewasfeelingrightthen.Hejustwantedtobeloved;hejustwantedahomeandafamily.It’sbeenayearsincewetookthedoghome,andourliveshavebeenchanged