解破學(xué)-總論優(yōu)選ppt資料

解破學(xué)總論(zǒnɡlùn)第一頁，共36頁。1Myofibril(肌原纖維)+核+橫小管+肌質(zhì)網(wǎng)+膜Myofilaments(肌絲)Amusclefiber肌纖維Myosin(肌球蛋白)

Actin(肌動(dòng)蛋白)Troponin(肌鈣蛋白)Tropomyosin(原肌球蛋白)Thinfilaments(細(xì)肌絲)

Thickfilaments(粗肌絲)Question:Whatarethestructureofthemuscularfibers?第二頁，共36頁。21.TheGeneralDescription.2.TheReferenceLinesandRegionsoftheAbdomen.PartIISplanchnologyContent第三頁，共36頁。3§⒈Thegeneraldescription⒈ThedefinitionSplanchnologyisthesciencethatdealswiththestudyofmorphologyandstructuresofthevisceral(內(nèi)臟(nèizàng)的)organs.SynonymSplanchnology：內(nèi)臟(nèizàng)學(xué)Viscera：內(nèi)臟(nèizàng)第四頁，共36頁。4VisceraincludesthefollowinggroupsViscera4SystemsOtherstructuresAlimentarysystemRespiratorysystemUrinarysystemGenitalsystemEndocrinesystemPleura胸膜(xiōngmó)Peritoneum腹膜Perineum會(huì)陰第五頁，共36頁。5⒉Perineum會(huì)陰(huìyīn)廣義會(huì)陰：是指盆膈以下封閉骨盆下口的全部(quánbù)軟組織。包括尿生殖區(qū)和肛區(qū)。恥骨(chǐgǔ)聯(lián)合下緣尾骨尖坐骨結(jié)節(jié)尿生殖區(qū)肛區(qū)ThemaleperineumThefemaleperineum第六頁，共36頁。6狹義會(huì)陰(huìyīn):在男性系指陰囊根與肛門之間的部分。陰囊(yīnnáng)肛門(gāngmén)會(huì)陰第七頁，共36頁。7狹義會(huì)陰:在女性系指陰道前庭后端與肛門之間的部分，又稱產(chǎn)科(chǎnkē)會(huì)陰，分娩時(shí)注意保護(hù)。胎頭大陰唇胎頭擴(kuò)張(kuòzhāng)時(shí)的會(huì)陰第八頁，共36頁。8⒊Themainfunctionsoftheviscera(內(nèi)臟(nèizàng))Performingthemetabolism.Reproducingoffspring.Secretingsomehormonestoregualatesomeactivities.第九頁，共36頁。9⒋Thegeneralstructureoftheviscera(內(nèi)臟(nèizàng))Accordingtotheirmorphologicalcharacteristics,thevisceralorganscanbedividedintotwoprincipaltypes:ThetubularorganTheparenchymatousorganVisceralorgans第十頁，共36頁。10Tubularorgan

中空性器官(qìguān)

Parenchymatous

organ實(shí)質(zhì)性器官(qìguān)Tubularwall

管狀壁

Tubularcavity

管狀腔Mucouslayer

粘膜(zhānmó)層

Submucosa

粘膜(zhānmó)下層

Muscularlayer

肌層

Serosalayer

外膜實(shí)質(zhì)：小葉(xiǎoyè)狀的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能部分間質(zhì)：分隔實(shí)質(zhì)成小葉(xiǎoyè)狀VisceraTypes第十一頁，共36頁。11TubularOrgan中空性器官第十二頁，共36頁。12Thetubularviscus(中空性器官)第十三頁，共36頁。13ParenchymatousOrgan實(shí)質(zhì)性器官(qìguān)第十四頁，共36頁。14Inordertoobserveanddescribetherelativelocationsandthearrangementsoftheinternalorgans,itisnecessarytomarkreferencelinesonthesurfaceofthethoraxandtosubdividetheabdomenintoregions.§⒉Thereferencelinesandregionsoftheabdomen第十五頁，共36頁。15ReferencelinesinthethoraxReferencelinesintheabdomenReferencelinesintheback⒈ThecommonusedreferencelinesTherearemorethan10referencelinesinthethoraxandabdominalregions.Referencelines第十六頁，共36頁。16MedianlinesAxillarylinesSternallinesHorizontallineMidclavicularline鎖骨中線Scapularline肩胛(jiānjiǎ)線Paravertebralline脊柱旁線Anteriormedianline前正中線(zhōngxiàn)Posteriormedianline后正中線(zhōngxiàn)Anterioraxillaryline腋前線(qiánxiàn)Midaxillaryline腋中線Posterioraxillaryline腋后線Lateralsternalline胸骨線Parasternalline胸骨旁線Subcostalline肋下線Transtubercularline齊髂結(jié)節(jié)線Referencelines第十七頁，共36頁。17②Thelateralsternalline胸骨(xiōnggǔ)線Verticallinejustthroughthelateralborderofthewidestpartofthesternum③Themidclavicularline鎖骨(suǒgǔ)中線Verticallinethroughthemidpointoftheclavicle.①Theanteriormedianline前正中線(zhōngxiàn)Verticallinethroughthemedianofthesternum④Theparasternalline胸骨旁線Verticallinethroughthemidwaybetweenthelateralsternallineandthemidclavicularline.第十八頁，共36頁。18★TheReferenceLineoftheThorax(胸部(xiōnɡbù)標(biāo)志線)①Anteriormedianline④③②①②Sternalline

③Parasternalline④Midclavicularline第十九頁，共36頁。19第二十頁，共36頁。20Thinfilaments(細(xì)肌絲)TheGeneralDescription.⒉Perineum會(huì)陰(huìyīn)第三十一頁，共36頁。TheparenchymatousorganInordertoobserveanddescribetherelativelocationsandthearrangementsoftheinternalorgans,itisnecessarytomarkreferencelinesonthesurfaceofthethoraxandtosubdividetheabdomenintoregions.第二十七頁，共36頁。Theparenchymatousorgan⑥Theposterioraxillaryline腋后線⑧Thescapularline肩胛(jiānjiǎ)線Horizontalplanesincludethesubcostalplaneandtranstubercularplane.肩胛(jiānjiǎ)線上水平線通過兩側(cè)肋弓最低點(diǎn)，下水平線通過兩側(cè)髂結(jié)節(jié)(jiéjié)；Viscera：內(nèi)臟(nèizàng)Thickfilaments(粗肌絲)Paravertebralline脊柱旁線⑤Theanterioraxillaryline腋前線(qiánxiàn)Verticallinethroughtheanterioraxillaryfold(襞、褶).⑥Theposterioraxillaryline腋后線Verticallinethroughtheposterioraxillaryfold(襞、褶).⑦Themidaxillaryline腋中線(zhōngxiàn)Verticallinethroughthemiddleoftheaxilla(腋).第二十一頁，共36頁。21①Anterioraxillaryline腋前線(qiánxiàn)②Middleaxillaryline腋中線(zhōngxiàn)③Posterioraxillaryline腋后線①②③第二十二頁，共36頁。22第二十三頁，共36頁。23⑧Thescapularline肩胛(jiānjiǎ)線Verticallinethroughtheinferiorangleofthescapula.⑨Theposteriormidianline后正中線(zhōngxiàn)Verticallinethroughthespines(脊柱)ofthethoracicvertebrae.Thescapular:[‘sk?pjul?]

a.肩的,肩胛骨的第二十四頁，共36頁。24①Posteriormedianline后正中線(zhōngxiàn)②Scapularline肩胛(jiānjiǎ)線①②第二十五頁，共36頁。25第二十六頁，共36頁。26⒉Theregionsoftheabdomen

Quadrantregions四分法

Nineregions九分法Therearetwowaystodividetheabdomenintoregions.Twoways第二十七頁，共36頁。27第二十八頁，共36頁。28★Quadrantregions四分法Theabdomenisdividedintofourquadrantsbytheverticalandhorizontalplanesthroughtheumbilicus(臍).第二十九頁，共36頁。29Umbilicalregion臍區(qū)

Lateralregion腹外側(cè)(wàicè)區(qū)

Pubicregion恥區(qū)

Epigastricregion上腹部區(qū)

Hypochondriacregion季肋區(qū)

Inguinal(iliac)region腹股溝區(qū)★Nineregions九分法Theabdomenisdividedintoninedifferentregionsbyhorizontalplanesandverticalplanes.Horizontalplanesincludethesubcostalplaneandtranstubercularplane.Nineabdomenalregions通過兩條水平線和垂直線形成的面將腹部分為9個(gè)區(qū)。上水平線通過兩側(cè)肋弓最低點(diǎn)，下