2014考研英語二真題及答案解析

2014年入學(xué)考試英語(二)試SectionIUseofA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave1thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeinerweightisactually2.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinamongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan

ofOfevengreater isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese. ,canbedividedintomoderayobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D][A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D][A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D][A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D][A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]in[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D][A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]in[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D][A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D][A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D][A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D][A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D][A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D][A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D][A][B]combined[C]settled[D][A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D][A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D][A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D][A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextWhatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridafortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelThesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostinvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnew old-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnpurchasesoften emorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersandlessofitwatchingevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayearng,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewarding[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar[D]AriealTheauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchinisMacribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawider egapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofThistextmainlydiscusseshowto[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent emorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusoryinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Weedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whiustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantthemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturethattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceof “It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.IfyoumakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethe inthepictureasthemselves,therefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,inlectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefound ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyillusorysuperiorityisbaselessourneedforleadershipisself-enhancingstrategiesareVisualrecognitionisbelievedtoberapidconsciousintuitiveautomaticself-Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedunderestimatetheirbelieveintheircoveruptheiroversimplifytheirTheword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto.

Itcanbeinferredthatisself-enhancer’sparadisebecause.presenttheirdishonestprofiles[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharetheirinlectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsidesText3Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely though nomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandchnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegaineda deeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,from striketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshave formillionsofyears sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlook atour species'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensintheedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalunion fortheConversationofNature( ),andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?A growingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion. example,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojecta clockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshePerhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology, anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit's perhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,a newpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.Buttakea longerviewandthereisa surprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepast holdsthekeytothe future:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshathehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-based situations findThislongmakesthepessimisticviewof ourprospects eemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwe arenow knowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedthe existenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetoOurvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredourdesireforlivesofourfaithinscienceandourawarenessofpotentialourbeliefinequal ’s“RedList”suggestthathumanbeing sustained threatentothetheworld’sdominant misplacedWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphArchelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalTechnologyofferssolutionstosocialTheinterestinsciencefictionisontheOurImmediatefutureishardtoToensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialexploreourplanet’sabundantadoptanoptimisticviewofthedrawonourexperiencefromthecurbourambitiontoreshapeWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheUncertaintyaboutOurEvolutionoftheHumanTheEver-brightProspectsofScience,TechnologyandHumanityText4Whentheernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityfortheernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntotheernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbeeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.TheauthorbelievesthatthehousinghasattractedmuchinvolvescertainpoliticalshoulderstoomuchhaslostitsrealvalueinItcanbelearnedthataffordablehousingincreaseditshomeofferedspending ernmentdisappointed AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsborne allow ernmentdebtforstoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildingpreparetoreducehousingstockreleasealiftedGDPgrowthItcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould [A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactof ernmentinterference[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilitiesTheauthorbelievesthatafter2015,the ernmentmay [A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsectorSectionIIITranslationPart Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefrom listA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWER1.(10Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfa socialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingboth insideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotoday’sglobalchallengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentand Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoartificialfertilizers Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganization ributionoffood,wealthand Thisisa shame—thecommunityshouldbegrastheopportunitytoraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.ysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincluding“environmentalchanged”or“climatechange” haveincreasedrapidlysince2004,(43)Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.Andwhetherthecommunity’sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailable(44)thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday’seconomicclimate.Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanunionFrameworkfundingprograms havelonghada categoryspecifically at year, changed:Horizon2020,anewprogramtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesucha category,Thishasresultedinsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.(45)Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalprobl couldbethatweareevolvinocommunitiesofsocialscientists:one thatis discipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,and thatisproblem- andpublishingewhere,suchaspolicyHowever,the numbersarestillsmall:in2010,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneof theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthebio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior.Allrequirebehavioralchange innovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,for example,isas muchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelocleanenergy. thesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuch problems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodrop specificfundingcategoryforsocial-sciencechandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelDuringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentf ernment,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate-variedfrom 4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itis TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’spsychologistswouldn’t mend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-thosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.abadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Finally,thereis,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.SectionIVWritingPartAJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoto1)lhimaboutyourlivinghabits,2)askforadviceaboutlivingYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.Donotuseyourownname.PartWriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15Youinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET. 年招生考試英語(二)答案詳SectionⅠUseof文章分本文是一篇關(guān)于肥胖與健康關(guān)系新說法的議。第一段引出作者對身材的看法：并不是越瘦就證明體的脂肪量，并不是說明身材好壞的指數(shù)。第四段中講述了整個社會其實會給肥胖者貼上消極，無論是在電視中還是在孩子們的心目中，胖人的形象總是與消極聯(lián)系起來。最后一段講述了人們試題解Thinnerisn'talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave thatnormalweightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthyconditionsforwhich erweightisactually 2.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen. 3,amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan ofgoodhealth.【譯文】太瘦也不總是好事。一些研究已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論：正常體重的人實際上比一些超重的人更c(diǎn)oncludeddoubled兩倍，加倍努ensured確【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨 超重的人”。根據(jù)句義，后面的部分實際上是研究結(jié)論，因此B項concluded符合題意。【命題思路】本題根據(jù)上下文所給信息判斷答案，同時也考查考生對相近含義的詞匯辨析protectivedangeroussufficienttroublesome麻煩【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“對于某些健康情況，超重事實上是有”。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)【命題思路】本題根據(jù)上下文所給信息判斷答案，同時也考查考生對形容詞的辨析【干擾排除】句首以And開頭，說明在語義上該句與上一句是并列相關(guān)的，強(qiáng)調(diào)肥胖對健康的好處。B項dangerous“的”，與文章意思相反；C項sufficient“充足的”，D項troublesome“麻煩的”，HoweverLikewiseTherefore因【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān) 項Instead和B項However表示逆接的句意關(guān)系，D項Therefore表示因果關(guān)系只有C項Likewise“同【命題思路】本題考查對上下文語義關(guān)系的理解的詞匯likewise。indicator指objective目example【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨 章內(nèi)容，已經(jīng)明確超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指標(biāo)。因此正確答案為A項?！久}思路】本題考查對上下文語義的正確把握Ofevengreater isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity, 8,canbedividedintomoderayobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.30以上視為肥胖。肥胖依次能夠分為中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。impactrelevanceassistance輔concern【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“需要更加是，很難對肥胖加以定義”。前文已經(jīng)說到肥胖事實上有利健康，但是又一個問題，到底如何去定義肥胖，因此需要更加關(guān)注的是對肥胖的定義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確答案為D項?！久}思路】本題考查對上下文語義的正確把握【干擾排除】A項impact“影響，效果”，Brelevance“相關(guān)性”，Cassistance“輔助”此處空格前有evengreater來修飾，將這幾個干擾項的名詞含義代入檢測，都與上文沒有必要的相關(guān)性，所以intermsofincaseof【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨 體質(zhì)指數(shù)，或稱為BMI來定義”。下文根據(jù)BMI指數(shù)的不同對肥胖進(jìn)行了分級由此可知，BMI是一種根據(jù)A項intermsof意“根據(jù)……就……而【命題思路】本題考查對句意的理解，并考查常見詞組的辨【干擾排除】Bincaseof“萬一，假設(shè)”，Cinfavorof“贊成，以……來取代”，Dinrespectof“關(guān)于”。將此三項代入文中，均不符合題意。這些短語的考查頻率非常高，有些已經(jīng)成為中常見的干擾項，在復(fù)習(xí)時要加強(qiáng)。measures測determines決equalsmodifies修【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨 體重除以身高的平方”。此處用文字?jǐn)⑹隽薆MI指數(shù)得出的方法，也就是一個數(shù)學(xué)公式，所以equals符合題意?！久}思路】本題考查對句意的理解，并考查動詞辨析【干擾排除】A項是強(qiáng)干擾項，有考生看到空格后面是一些計算BMI的方法，可能在不太清楚句意的incontrast相inpart【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“肥胖能夠分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖”。根據(jù)語境，C項inturn“依次”，D項inpart“部分地”，C項符合題意。【命題思路】本題考查對句意的理解，并考查相似介詞短語【干擾排除】此處需要一個語來順成上下文的關(guān)系，由于下文也沒有揭示肥胖構(gòu)成的事實，所A項不成立。上下文不存在對立關(guān)系，所以不能選B項。D項不符合語義Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem 9，theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit, otherswithalowBMImaybein 11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta 球運(yùn)動員被認(rèn)為很胖，但是身體脂肪量卻很低。相反，一些小個頭的胖子BMI值卻正常。complicated復(fù)雜的，難懂variable可變的，易變straightforward簡單的，直接【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“相比之下，這樣的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來，實際上不是的”。這里起來好像能反映與身材之間的關(guān)系而已。D項straightforward“直截了當(dāng)?shù)摹?，符合題意，因此為正確【命題思路】本題考查對上下文語義的理解，并考查形容詞【干擾排除】肥胖指數(shù)分為三類，而且算法比較簡單，所以Acomplicated“復(fù)雜的”不正確。B項conservative“保守的”，用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式，不恰當(dāng)。一名患者或一名受試者的BMI一般是確定的，因此Cvariable“可變的”也不符合題意。so所sinceunless除【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān)【直擊答空格所在句意一些人有很高的BMI，實際上身材正好，其他人有較低的BMI指數(shù)，可能”。從前半句可看出，有些人的BMI指數(shù)很高，應(yīng)該屬于體重肥胖的人，事實上身材正好，這里說明的是反常的現(xiàn)象，后半句是其他人的BMI指數(shù)較低，而較差。四個選項中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，其他選項均不符合題意，所以正確答案為B項。【命題思路】本題考查對上下文語義關(guān)系的正確shapespiritbalancetaste【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】本句可簡化為：Some…arefit,whileothers…maybeinpoor 義相反，且fit(體型健康的)與in 對應(yīng)，與之最相關(guān)是A項shape“外形”，故為正確答案【命題思路】本題考查對句意的正確startqualify使有資格，被認(rèn)retire退stay【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨答本順應(yīng)文意：些很，有些肥著說些專足運(yùn)動員 的們體肪量很B項qui符句正?！久}思路】本題考查對上下文句意的正確把握【干擾排除】將A、C、D項代入文中，“開始”、“退休”和“停留”不符合句strange奇怪changeablenormal正常constant【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】干擾排除本句不難理解，因為句首有conversely與上文構(gòu)成語義對立，講有些人個頭小，脂肪量過高，但是BMI卻 。所需詞匯明顯是積極方向的，C項“正常的”，為正確答【命題思路】本題考查對上下文句意的正確把握【干擾排除】根據(jù)句意，排除A、B項。D項屬于比較中性的詞，且不符合句意Todaywehavea(an) tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese. veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.【譯文】今天我們都有向肥胖貼的趨勢。中呈現(xiàn)肥胖者時通常把他們的臉蓋起來。與對肥胖偏見。甚至小孩子也看不起肥胖的者，在學(xué)校嘲笑身材體型不好的同學(xué)一直是一個存在的option選擇(權(quán)reason原opportunity機(jī)tendency趨【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】空格所在的后半句：tolabelobesitysdisgrace(給肥胖貼上丟人的)，作為空格處的后置定語。下文也在講述、老師、雇員、健康工作者和孩子們都傾向于鄙視肥胖癥的。D項符合句【命題思路】本題考查對上下文信息的理解【干擾排除】將A、B、C三個選項，“選擇(權(quán))”、“理由”、“機(jī)會”代入空格處，均與文意不符employed雇pictured描imitated模monitored【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】上句提到了我們都傾向于給肥胖貼上的，空格所在句提到了，中將肥胖者的面部成像都進(jìn)行了面部隱藏處理。根據(jù)語境，四個選項中，跟相關(guān)的詞匯只有C項picture【命題思路】本題考查對句意的理解，并考查動詞辨析雇傭的肥胖者”，但是后面的介詞應(yīng)該用by。C、D兩項代入后語義與全文不符。computed計combined聯(lián)settled固associated聯(lián)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊格所在會與原型包括懶惰、缺乏意志力和對成功的期望值不D項associated“聯(lián)系”，符合句意?！久}思路】本題考查對句意的理解，并考查動詞辨析大，可首先排除。B項強(qiáng)調(diào)“聯(lián)合”，與原文的“聯(lián)系”有細(xì)微的差別，語義上不能說“原型與某些Still仍【答案】【考點(diǎn)】邏輯關(guān)【直擊答案】空格所在句意為“是小孩子蔑視超重，而且對身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個問題”?？崭袢鄙僖粋€副詞，構(gòu)成與上文的聯(lián)系。上文講到了大人們都在肥胖(教師、雇員、健康工作者)。根據(jù)語境，此處應(yīng)該填入表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞匯，分析四個選項，只有AEven“即使”符合【命題思路】本題考查上下文的語義【干擾排除】B項Still表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系時其后一般要加逗號。CYet用表示上下文的對立關(guān)系中。DOnly引導(dǎo)條件關(guān)系，與原文語義不符。Negativeattitudestowardobesity, inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofantiobesity 19.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MiceObamahaslaunchedahighvisibilityn childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.議發(fā)起一些明確的對抗兒童發(fā)胖的活動，甚至表明它是我們國家最大的安全。despised蔑corrected修ignored忽【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】空格前講到對肥胖的態(tài)度，空格后講到對健康的關(guān)注 。本句沒有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞，說明空格前后所表達(dá)的意思是一致的，肥胖，是基于對健康的關(guān)注。分析四個選項，能夠表達(dá)此意思的詞匯，只有D項grounded“基于”?！久}思路】本題考查對上下文的語義的理解【干擾排除】此空是一個過去分詞構(gòu)成短語作語，修飾本句主語negativeattitudes，意為“……的businessespolicies政【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨的詞匯，如hospitalsystem，ban，manyemployersinstitute,指向的意思是一個系統(tǒng)中所出臺的政策的問題。瀏覽四個選項，D項policies符合題意，直接入選?！久}思路】本題考查對上下文的語義的理解【干擾排除】D項是強(qiáng)干擾項，代入原文與空格部分形成“對抗肥胖的研究”，但此含義與下文出現(xiàn)的語義場不吻合，因為“研究”一般多出自于機(jī)構(gòu)，科研院所等層面的場所，醫(yī)院是治病救人的without沒【答案】【考點(diǎn)】詞義辨【直擊答案】本段的是肥胖，本句話屬于細(xì)節(jié)的句子，用來支持，空格所在句講到米歇爾·奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個名度的活動兒童肥胖，甚至告訴奧茲博士，它代表了我們國家最大的安全?？崭裨~匯應(yīng)該含有“，反抗”的意思。縱觀四個選項，只有B項against符合【命題思路】本題考查對句子意思的詞obesityn.肥大，肥胖overweightn.超重definevt.給……下定釋；限定，規(guī)dividevt.劃分，除converselyad.相反地framen.disgracen.v．使……失寵，丟prospectn.前景；景teasevt.harborn.海港vt.庇護(hù)biasn.偏見，偏心，偏袒vt.使有偏stimulatevt.刺激，激facilityn.設(shè)施，工securityn.安全，保障；抵押品；[pl.]長難句分Anumberofstudieshaveconcludedthatnormalweightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.【分析】該句是一個復(fù)合句，句子的主干是studieshaveconcludedthat，賓語由that引導(dǎo)的從句從句主干是peoplearehigherrisk過去分詞短comparedtodiseases的后置定語，從句的后半部分還嵌套有一個定語從句whoareoverweight，該句的先行詞是those，指那些肥胖的人。PartAText文章分本文選自2013年6月22日TheEconomist(《》)一篇題為“MoneyandHappiness”的文章，第一段通過一位孤寡老人中的事件引出了本文的話題：金錢與。第二段給出了《》這本書的兩位作者的研究結(jié)果：往往我們認(rèn)為最有價值的消費(fèi)方式可能是與相反的。第三段這本書給很多工薪階層和贏得的人提供了一些獲得“物美價廉”的的小竅門。最后一段中，作者在重申的基礎(chǔ)上認(rèn)為這本書值得一買。試題解根據(jù)和諾頓的觀點(diǎn)，下面哪一項最具有價值豪宅特別的旅行名車豐盛的一餐【答案】【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第五ItisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiencessayMsDumnandMr.Norton,likeinterestingtripsuniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema。B項(一次特別的旅行)是原interestingtrips(有趣的旅行)的同義替換，因此為正確答案?！靖蓴_排除】A項和C項與原文信息不符。原文第二段第三句提到物質(zhì)性的東西所帶來的滿足感很快就會消耗殆盡，而“豪宅”和“名車”都屬于物質(zhì)性的東西。D項干擾性很強(qiáng)，雖然第二段第四句同樣也提到了“uniquemeals”，但D項中的“rich”，跟原文的“unique”是兩個概念，故排除。作者對人看電視持態(tài)度批評支持同情模糊【答案】【考點(diǎn)】態(tài)度【命題思路】本題考查的是作者對局部事例的態(tài)【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干可以回文定位到第三段第二句Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatching者對人看電視持否定的態(tài)度，因而答案為A項“批評的”。【干擾排除】第三段對看電視這件事情持否定態(tài)度，因B項“支持的”、C項“同情的”為表達(dá)肯文章第三段提到烤汁豬排骨的目的 質(zhì)量總是先于名市場帶來了后效匱乏一般會增加【答案】【考點(diǎn)】推理【命題思路】這是一道封閉式推理題，該題考查作者提到McRib(烤汁豬排骨)這個例子的目的【直擊答案】根據(jù)題干McRib定位到第三段最后一句話ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib——amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.。這句話提到了McRib(烤汁豬排骨)在麥當(dāng)勞風(fēng)靡一時，其指示代詞“this”表明了對應(yīng)D項中的“rarity”；“mostenjoyable”對應(yīng)該選項中的“increasespleasure”，因此D項為正確【干擾排除】第三段最后一句話說“市場把三明治變成了讓人著魔的一個東西”，但并B項屬于無中生有，故排除C項屬于過度推斷。原文第四句破折號之后的內(nèi)容表明當(dāng)時麥當(dāng)勞這一起作用了，但并不能說明所 都會奏效。且該處為例子本身的信息，并非其證明信息根據(jù)文章最后一段，《》這本 證明是值得的一本了人存在的巨大收入差【答案】【考點(diǎn)】推理【命題思路】這是一道封閉式推理題，需要對最后一段進(jìn)行鎖定，從而得出答案【直擊答案】最后一段最后一句Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoney好對應(yīng)B項中的“worthwhilepurchase”，都是值得一買的意思，故B項為正確答案。【干擾排除】A項中的criticism和這本書值得一買不符，故排除。第二句和第三句提到了窮人和富人對的感受程度有所不同，重點(diǎn)依然是圍繞著本文的話題金錢和，并未涉及C項中的收入差距(egap)，推理過度D項的錯誤在于該書本身沒有給讀者帶來成就感，而是書中提到的怎樣花錢這篇文章主要討論了如 平衡與花錢之間的關(guān)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】主旨【直擊答案】本文主要討論的是HappyMoney這本話題——與金錢。第一段通過中事件引出了這一話題，接下里的兩段作者介紹了怎樣花錢消費(fèi)才能獲得最實惠長久的，最后一段重申，并這本書值得一買。因而C項“從花錢消費(fèi)中獲得長久的滿足感”為正確選項?！靖蓴_排除】第一段中孤寡老人中的事件是本文話題的，在后文中再未提及，因而B項以偏A項與原文不符。D項是第三段的主要內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，故排除。長難句解ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84yearoldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tinroofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlottery