選擇小型農(nóng)用旋耕機(jī)機(jī)械外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

SelectingaRotaryGardenTillerTherightrotarytillercanmakethejobofgardeningmucheasier,butifyouchoosethewrongtillerforthejob,itcanmakeyourjobmoredifficult.Tillersrangeinsizefromsmallhand-heldmodelstothoseweighingseveralhundredpounds,withcorrespondingdifferencesincapacity.Thereareseveralfactorstoconsiderinselectingthebesttillerforyourjob.SizeSeveralcompaniesoffersmall,hand-heldrotarytillers,typicallywith2-cycleengines.Theselittletillershavestar-shapedbladesinsteadofseparatetines.Theyaresuitableforlight-dutytillingsuchascultivatingsmallvegetableorflowergardens.Theyarenarrowandcangetintotightplaces.Theywillnottilldeeply,norwilltheyhandlemuchsurfacetrash.Othergardentillersrangefrom3-5hpfront-tinemodelsto8-10hprear-tinemodels.Somesemi-commercialrear-tinemodelsareevenmorepowerful.Thelargerunitshavetillingwidthsof20-26inchesandcancut6-8inchesdeepunderidealconditions.FrontorRearTinesRotarytillerscanhavethetinesinfrontofthewheels(front-tine)orbehindthewheels(reartine).Thetwostylesoverlapinsize(horsepowerandtillingwidth).Thewheelsonfront-tinemodelsareusuallynotpowered,butthewheelsonrear-tinemodelsusuallyare.Thetinesareusuallycoveredwithashieldonarear-tinetiller,butexposedonafront-tinetiller.Largerrear-tinetillerswillhavetheendsofthetineassemblyaswellasthetopshielded.Mostrear-tinetillersprovideaflapordragatthereartokeepfeetoutofthetinesandtolevelthetilledsoil.Thepoweredwheelsontherear-tinetillershelpholdthetillerbackandprovideamoreuniformspeed,whileyouwillhavetocontrolthespeedoffront-tinemodelsbybruteforce.Depthcontrolisgenerallyeasierwitharear-tinetillersincethedepthcontroldragbarisgenerallyeffective.Onfront-tinemodelsadragbarisusuallyprovided,butmostdepthcontrolcomesfromhowyouholdthetiller.Withafront-tinetiller,itisalmostalwaysnecessarytowalkrightbehindthetillerinthefreshlytilledgroundwhilefightingtocontrolthemachine.Witharear-tinetiller,itisoftenpossibletowalktooneside,controllingthetillerwithonehand,andthusavoidwalkinginthetilledsoil.Soiltilthisalmostalwaysbetterwitharear-tinetiller.Rear-tinemodelsaremoreexpensivebutwellworththeextracost.DriveTypeTillertinescanbedrivenbyashaftorachain.Theclutchingmechanismcanbeanactualclutchorclutchingcanbeaccomplishedbyslackeningabeltdrive.Manyrear-tinetillerswillhavetwoormoreforwardspeedsaswellasreverse.Inmanycases,itisnecessarytoholdthereversecontrolinplacewhilegoingbackward,butsometillersallowyoutoshiftintoreverseandoperatejustasyouwouldinforward.Thelatterdesignislesssafe.ForwardorReverseTineRotationMosttillershavethetinesmovinginaforwarddirection;inotherwords,thetinesrotateinthesamedirectionasthewheels.Sometillersturnthetinesinreverse.Themanufacturerswhoofferreversetinesclaimthatthereverserotationismoreeffectiveatbreakingupsod;however,reversetinerotationshouldbeavoidedfromthesafetystandpoint.Withforward-rotatingtines,ifthetines"grab"onaroot,rock,stump,etc.,thetillerwilljumpforward-thusawayfromyou.Withreverserotation,ifthetines"grab"onanything,thetillerwilljumpbackward-withtherotatingtinescomingatyourfeetandlegs!Also,ifyouaremaneuveringintightquarters-inafencecornerornexttoabuildingthetillercancomebackatyou,pinyouagainsttheobstacleandinjureyou.Forwardrotationismuchsafer,andyoushouldnotpurchaseoruseareverse-rotationmodel.Reversetinerotationshouldbeusedonlyontractor-mountedtillers.QualityTillers,likeotherlawnandgardenequipment,areavailableindifferentlevelsofqualityfromdifferentmanufacturers.Aqualitytillercaneasilycosttwotothreetimesasmuchasacomparablysizedcheaptiller.Sincetillersareworkhardunderadverseconditions,ahighqualitymodelisgenerallyagoodinvestment.ErgonomicsTherearebigdifferencesintheergonomicsoftillers.Sometillersthatatfirstseemtobesimilarmay,infact,havedifferentergonomics.Someclutchesaremucheasiertousethanothers,somereversemechanismsaremucheasiertoengagethanothers,somedepthcontrolsareeasytomoveandsomerequiretoolsandastruggle,someoperatorpresencecontrols(OPCs)areeasytouseandsomearenot.Tryoutatillerortalktoanownerbeforebuyingatiller.Itishardtoevaluateergonomicswhilelookingatatillerinastore(oracatalog);ittakespersonalexperiencetoseparatethegooddesignsfromtheawkwarddesigns.Remember,ifyouhaveasmallgardenyoumaybebetteroffwithagoodgardenspadeandascufflehoe,andthuseliminatethecostandmaintenancehasslesofatiller.Ifyoureallydoneedatiller,arear-tinemodelismucheasiertouseanddoesabetterjob.Asmall,hand-heldtillermaybesatisfactoryforsmalljobs.UseofaRotaryGardenTillerWhetheryoubuy,rentorborrowatiller,youwillfindthatithasmanyuses.Insomecountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiawherefarmsaresmall,arotarytillerisageneralpurposefarmtool.Itcanbeageneralpurposegardentoolforyou.AttachmentsSometillerscanbefittedwithattachmentstodojobsotherthangardentilling.Someofthesmallhand-heldmodelscanbeequippedwithdethatchingtinesorrotarybrushes.Someofthelargerrear-tinetillerscanhandleasnow/dirtbladeoramiddlebuster(lister);andcanhavetheentiretillerassemblyreplacedwithasicklebarmower,ashredder/grinderorevenagenerator.Theseattachmentscanbeuseful,butmaynotworkaswellasseparatemachines.Youhavetodecidewhetherthiscapabilitywillbeusefulforyou.Pre-paringtheGardenRotarytillerscanbeusedforprimarytillage(workingupthegardeninthespring),secondarytillage(breakingupclodsandpreparingthesoilforplanting)andforcultivationwhilethecropisgrowing.Underidealconditions,onepasswiththetillermayprovidebothprimaryandsecondarytillage,leavingagoodseedbed.Underotherconditions,multiplepassesmaybeneededtochopupexistingvegetationandthenpreparetheseedbed.Ifvegetationisheavy,itisoftenhelpfultomakeoneortwopassesandthenleaveitaloneuntilafterthenextrainbeforetillingagain.Thisprocesswillhelpthevegetationtobreakdown.Primarytillagerequirestheslowestspeed(lowestgear)available,butyoucansometimesuseahighergearforsecondarytillage.Youshouldalwaysrunyourtilleratfullenginerpmandthenshiftupordownasneeded.GardenCultivationTillerscanbeeffectiveatcultivatingaroundcrops,andthecultivationcanusuallybedoneatahighergroundspeedthanyouwoulduseforprimaryorsecondarytillage.Becarefultouseaveryshallowdepthsettingwhencultivatingtoavoiddamagingcroproots.Itisbesttoavoidwalkingonthecultivatedgroundsinceweedswillgerminateand/orre-establishbetterinyourfootprints.GrowingandIncorporatingOrganicMatterArotarytillercancontributetothehealthofyourgardensoilbyincorporatingcovercropsandgreenmanurecrops.Inourclimate,itisdifficulttoincreaseorganicmatterpermanenly,butyoucanimprovestructureandtilthbyincorporatingvegetationand/orcompost.Atillercanalsobeusedinplantingcovercrops.Afteraseedbedisprepared,youcanbroadcastseedandthenrunthetilleroverthegroundathighspeedandminimumdepthtocovertheseeds.Atillerismosteffectiveatcoveringlargerseedssuchaspeas.Smallcovercropseedssuchasryegrassmaybecoveredtoodeeplybyatiller;rakingordraggingismoreeffectiveforsmallseeds.MiddlebustingProbablythemostusefulaccessoryforyourtillerisawidesweepormiddlebuster(sometimescalleda"furrower").Thistoolattachestotherearofthetiller(withthetinesstillinplace)andallowsyoutodigashallowfurrow.Twoadjacentpasseswithasweepormiddlebusterwillthrowuparaisedbed,whichcanbeimportantinmanypartsofLouisiana.Youcanthenlevelthetopoftheraisedbedandplantyourcropsthere.ThefurrowfromasinglepassisidealforplantingIrishpotatoes.Youcanthenrunthesweepbesidetherowtocoverthepotatoseedandagainlatertothrowsoilupontheplants.Youcanthrowsoilonsweetcornrootsthesameway.TrenchingTillersalsohaveusesoutsideofthegarden.Atillercanbehelpfulwhendiggingaditchortrench.Justrunthetillerovertheditchlinetoloosenthesoil,thenshovelouttheloosenedsoilandrepeatuntilyoureachthedesireddepth.Tillersareusefulgardenhelpers.Itisdifficulttomanagealargegardenwithoutone.Properusecanmakeyourgardeningexperiencemorepleasantandproductive.RotaryTillerSafetyandMaintenanceTogetthebestperformanceandlongevityfromyourtiller,youneedtomaintainitproperly.Youalsoneedtobeawareofsomeofthedangersinvolvedinusingatillerandtakestepstoprotectyourselfandothers.EngineMaintenanceYouwillneedtomaintaintheengineonyourtillercarefully.Becauseyourtilleroperatesindustanddirt,oilandfilterchangesaremorecriticalthanforlawnmowersandmostotherlawnandgardenmachines.Attheveryminimum,youshouldchangetheoilafter50hoursofuseoratleastonceayear.Iftheoillooksdirty,changeitmoreoften.Keepanygreasefittingsproperlylubricated.Checktheoilinthegearcaseorchaincase,andaddasneeded.Youraircleanerwillneedtobecleanedorreplaceoften-perhapsasoftenasafter1-2hoursofuseindustyconditions.Occasionally,youwillneedtobloworbrushthedustanddirtoutofthecoolingfinsontheengineandflywheel.TillerMaintenanceOneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoforyourtilleristokeepitclean.Washthetiller,particularlythetinesandhousing,aftereachuse(becarefulnottospraywateronahotengine!).Forcontinuedeffectiveness,youwillneedtoreplacethetineswhentheybecomeworndown.Youmayoccasionallyneedtoadjustthecontrollinkages.Seeyourowner’smanualforinstructions.Yourtiresshouldbemaintainedattherecommendedpressure.End-of-seasonStorageLikemanypiecesoflawnandgardenequipment,tillersareusedseasonallyandthenstoredforthewinter.Itisagoodideatochangetheoilbeforestoringthem.Youshouldeitherrunthegasolinetankdryorfillitwithfreshgascontainingastabilizer.Checkthesparkplugandregaporreplaceifneeded.Ifyouarestoringthetillerforseveralmonths,itisagoodideatosquirtateaspoonfulorsoofcleanengineoilintothesparkplugholeandthenpullthestarterropetorotatethecrankshaftatimeortwobeforereplacingthesparkplug.Besuretouseatorquewrenchtotightenthesparkplugs.Manysmallenginesaremadeofaluminum,anditisveryeasytostripthethreadswhentighteningthesparkplug.Cleanorreplacetheairfilter.Checktheoilinthegearcaseorchaincaseandrefill(orreplaceifdirty).Besurethetilleriscleanbeforestorage,thenstoreitoutoftheweather.Besureitisnotstoredindirectsunlight,becausetheUVlightwilldegradethetires.SafetyTillertinesareaggressive!Theycanchewupahandorfootjustaseasilyasapatchofbermudagrass.Stayawayfromrotatingtines!Keepbystanders,particularlychildren,awayfromtillers.Watchoutforroots,stumps,rocks,buriedpipes,etc.thatmightcausethetillerto"grab"andjump.Evenifitjumpsawayfromyou,itcancauseasprainedback.A200-poundtillerleapingforwardcanreallyjerkanoperator.Avoidareaswhereelectricorgaslinesmightbeburied.Mosttillersnowhaveoperatorpresencecontrols(OPCs)whichconsistofaleverorhandlethatmustbeheldinplacewhileoperatingortheenginewilldie(orthetinesstoprotating).Don’ttrytodefeattheOPConatiller.Itistheretoprotectyou.Remember,yourtillerworkshardundersomedirtyconditions.Youwillneedtobeconscientiousaboutmaintenancetoovercometheeffectsofthetillingenvironment.Remember,too,thattillersarepotentiallydangerous.Treatthemwithrespect.選擇小型農(nóng)用旋耕機(jī)選擇了合理的旋耕機(jī)能使你的田間作業(yè)事半功倍，相反，如果你選擇了不合適的旋耕機(jī)，那么你的田間工作只能事倍功半了。旋耕機(jī)的尺寸系列從手扶式小型農(nóng)用旋耕機(jī)到幾百磅的大型農(nóng)用旋耕機(jī)種類(lèi)繁多，并且各有各的用途，你應(yīng)當(dāng)從多方面考慮選擇對(duì)你最有幫助的旋耕機(jī)。尺寸很多公司提供了小型、手提式、及典型2-循環(huán)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)旋耕機(jī)，這些小型旋耕機(jī)用星形刀片代替齒狀刀片。它們適合輕負(fù)載的耕種，例如，在小菜園或花園里耕作。它們耕作時(shí)既不會(huì)耕太深也不揚(yáng)起很大的塵土。其它的小型旋耕機(jī)系列從3-5馬力的前置式到8-10馬力的后置式旋耕機(jī)不一。一些半貿(mào)易型后置式旋耕機(jī)的馬力甚至更大。大型旋耕機(jī)的耕寬為20-26英寸，并且在理想條件下耕深能達(dá)到6-8英寸。前置或后置式旋耕機(jī)旋耕機(jī)有的彎刀在輪子前面，有的在輪子后面，這兩種樣式在參數(shù)（馬力和耕寬）上重疊。輪子在前刀軸上的通常動(dòng)力不大，而在后刀軸上的動(dòng)力卻很大。彎刀經(jīng)常被后置的防護(hù)罩遮擋，相反，前置式卻暴露在外面。大型后置式旋耕機(jī)將刀柄像防護(hù)罩一樣集中在一起，大部分后置式旋耕機(jī)帶有防護(hù)罩和拖板，以防止腿腳受傷或泥土濺出。當(dāng)你通過(guò)蠻力來(lái)控制前置式旋耕機(jī)后退時(shí)，后置式旋耕機(jī)刀軸上的動(dòng)力輪幫助你拉著機(jī)器以一個(gè)恒定的速度后退。耕深的控制對(duì)于后置式旋耕機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)非常容易，它通過(guò)控制拉桿來(lái)有效的控制耕深。前置式旋耕機(jī)也有拉桿，但是耕深往往要你自己來(lái)完成。用前置式旋耕機(jī)，你需要努力的控制機(jī)器并且走在合適的地方，以免踩到剛耕過(guò)的土地。用后置式旋耕機(jī)，需要你走在一邊單手扶著它，這樣是為了避免踩到剛耕過(guò)的土地上，用后置式耕過(guò)的土地比前置式耕過(guò)的要好。多花點(diǎn)錢(qián)買(mǎi)一臺(tái)貴一點(diǎn)的后置式旋耕機(jī)是很劃算的。驅(qū)動(dòng)類(lèi)型旋耕機(jī)的彎刀是通過(guò)聯(lián)軸器傳動(dòng)到刀軸或鏈上的動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)的。很多后置式旋耕機(jī)有2個(gè)或更多的前進(jìn)或倒退速度，在很多情況下，旋耕機(jī)要前進(jìn)時(shí)必須靠人操縱倒退，但是很多旋耕機(jī)有換檔裝置，可以換成反轉(zhuǎn)就像前進(jìn)時(shí)一樣，但是后一種設(shè)計(jì)部適很安全。彎刀的正轉(zhuǎn)與反轉(zhuǎn)很多旋耕機(jī)只能向前進(jìn)方向移動(dòng)，換言之，彎刀的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向與輪子旋轉(zhuǎn)方向一致。一些旋耕機(jī)能把彎刀旋轉(zhuǎn)方向改變。那些能提供反轉(zhuǎn)彎刀的制造商宣稱(chēng)反向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)對(duì)打碎草地很有效，然而，反向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該避免安全的問(wèn)題。用正向旋轉(zhuǎn)彎刀時(shí)，如果碰到石塊、樹(shù)根、殘茬等，旋耕機(jī)可能避開(kāi)。用反轉(zhuǎn)式旋耕機(jī)時(shí)，如遇到什么東西，旋耕機(jī)將會(huì)彈回傷到你的你的腿腳，也或許你在一個(gè)較窄的地方或有籬笆的地方或墻角，旋耕機(jī)或許能彈回來(lái)傷著你。正轉(zhuǎn)旋耕機(jī)較安全，你不必非買(mǎi)一個(gè)帶反轉(zhuǎn)的旋耕機(jī)，翻轉(zhuǎn)式的旋耕機(jī)只用拖拉機(jī)牽引的形式。質(zhì)量旋耕機(jī)與其它農(nóng)具一樣隨制造商的不同它們的質(zhì)量也不同。一臺(tái)質(zhì)量高的旋耕機(jī)，通常是同尺寸的普通旋耕機(jī)的價(jià)錢(qián)的兩到三倍。用于相同的工作條件下，一臺(tái)高質(zhì)量的旋耕機(jī)通常是一項(xiàng)不錯(cuò)的投資項(xiàng)目。人機(jī)工程學(xué)旋耕機(jī)的人機(jī)工程學(xué)有很大的不同。一些旋耕機(jī)一眼看上去很相似，但實(shí)際上由不同人機(jī)工程學(xué)的運(yùn)用，一些是扶手好用，一些是反轉(zhuǎn)比其它的好用，一些是深度控制器比其它的好用，一些是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制器比其它的好用。在你買(mǎi)之前最好能試一下或詢問(wèn)一下又旋耕機(jī)的人。在商場(chǎng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)很難評(píng)價(jià)一臺(tái)旋耕機(jī)的性能，它只能憑借著個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)去識(shí)別好的設(shè)計(jì)和不好的設(shè)計(jì)。記著如果你有塊小田地你最好用鐵鍬或鋤頭，這樣既可以避免花銷(xiāo)又可避免麻煩的維護(hù)工作。如果你覺(jué)得你需要一臺(tái)旋耕機(jī)，買(mǎi)后置式的它很容易操作并且耕地也很好，小型手扶的旋耕機(jī)適合小塊地的工作。使用小型農(nóng)用旋耕機(jī)無(wú)論你是買(mǎi)、租還是借一臺(tái)旋耕機(jī)，你都發(fā)現(xiàn)它的用途很廣。在很多國(guó)家，尤其是在農(nóng)場(chǎng)很小的東南亞，一臺(tái)小型旋耕機(jī)是用途廣泛的農(nóng)場(chǎng)工具，它也能成為用途廣泛的田園農(nóng)具。附件一些旋耕機(jī)能與附件配合做很多工作，比園林翻土機(jī)更有效。一些手扶式旋耕機(jī)能夠和彎刀等裝配在一起。一些大型后置式耕作機(jī)具能帶動(dòng)中間破土犁，并且整個(gè)旋耕機(jī)的組合能集割草機(jī)、碎土機(jī)甚至是發(fā)電機(jī)的功能于一身，雖然這些附件很有用，但是它們工作起來(lái)可能稍遜色于單獨(dú)的成型機(jī)。你應(yīng)該注意一下這些附件的功用是否適合你。準(zhǔn)備田園旋耕機(jī)用于初耕（春天在土地上耕種）、復(fù)耕（打碎土塊并且準(zhǔn)備耕種）及種莊稼時(shí)的耕作，在理想條件下旋耕機(jī)一次耕作可擁有初耕、復(fù)耕及平整的壟，在其它條件下，復(fù)合耕作或許需要去去除存在的草本植物，然后呈現(xiàn)出壟。假如草本植物旺盛的話，來(lái)兩次的耕作很有益，然后，擱置起來(lái)等到下完雨后再耕作，這個(gè)過(guò)程能夠幫你打碎那些草本植物。雖然初耕需要合適的低速，但常常你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常是你的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)處在最大馬力上，一旦你需要什么速度是你就可以隨心所欲了。田園耕作旋耕機(jī)在耕種莊稼時(shí)比什么時(shí)候都有效，這是耕種往往比初耕、復(fù)耕時(shí)速度要高，這時(shí)耕作務(wù)必用淺耕裝置，以免毀壞了莊稼的根部。最好不要走在剛耕過(guò)的地方，以免草的種子、草被踩實(shí)后重新生長(zhǎng)。生成有機(jī)物質(zhì)旋耕機(jī)通過(guò)