詩詞中的地理風(fēng)光

ThesunriseriverChinesepear-leafcrabapplevictoryfire,springcomestheriverducklikeblue.【唐】白居易《憶江南》?(TangDynasty) RecalledChiangnanbyBaiJuyi江南風(fēng)景美到什么程度呢？太陽出來映得江邊的花比火還要紅， 春天來了，江水像藍(lán)草一樣綠。HowbeautifulonearthisthesceneryinJiangnan?Whenthesunrises,theflowersonthebankseemtoberedderthanfire.Whenspringcomes,thewaterintheChangjiangRiverisasgreenasgrass.這種紅綠映襯的色彩既形象又生動(dòng) ，展現(xiàn)了江南色彩斑斕的畫面！Thiscombinationofthecolorredandgreenisquitebrightandvivid,whichshowsacolorfulpictureofJiangnanseenery.二、北方風(fēng)光Northernscenes我們這里說的北方，是指中國長(zhǎng)城以北的地區(qū)。由于氣候寒冷，那里的風(fēng)光呈現(xiàn)出和江南截然相反的景象。遼闊的草原、曠遠(yuǎn)的大漠、凜冽的寒風(fēng)、大片的雪花 ”在古代，那里多有征戰(zhàn)之事，國家每年征派男丁去戍守邊防， 很多詩歌反映了戍邊將士思念家鄉(xiāng)的情緒。ThenorthoftenmentionedreferstotheareawhichistothenorthoftheGreatWall.Becauseofthecoldweather,thescenerythereisjustoppositetothatinJiangnan.Inthenorth,youcanseevastgrasslandsanddeserts,andexperiencethebriskwindandheavysnow.Intheancienttime,quitealotofwarsbrokeoutinthenorth.Everyyear,thecountrywouldsendsomementodefendtheborder.Soduringthatperiod,manypoemsdescribingthesoldiers'homesicknessappeared.北方草原Thenortherngrasslands天蒼蒼，野茫茫，風(fēng)吹草低見牛羊。Theskyissoblueandthesteppeissowide,Aswindlowersgrasslivestockcannothide.――北朝民歌《敕勒川》(NorthernDynasties)ChiLeSong譯文：天空是青蒼蔚藍(lán)的顏色，草原無邊無際，一片茫茫。清風(fēng)吹過，草浪動(dòng)蕩起伏，在牧草低伏下去的地方，才有牛羊閃現(xiàn)出來。Version:theskyisblueandthegrasslandisboundless.Withthebreezeblowing,thegrassiswaving.Whilethewindlowersthegrass,allthelivestockturnup.詩的題目叫《敕勒川》，敕勒是古代一個(gè)游牧民族，活動(dòng)在今天中國甘肅、內(nèi)蒙一帶。這首古代民歌，歌詠了北國草原壯麗富饒的風(fēng)光，抒寫敕勒人熱愛家鄉(xiāng)熱愛生活的豪情。ThenameofthepoemisChiLeSong.ChiLewasnomadicpeopleintheancienttime.AndthepeoplenowmainlyliveinGangsuProvinceandInnerMongoliaofChina.Thispoempraisedthesceneryofmagnificentandfertilegrasslandsinthenorth,andexpressedChelepeoplefortheirhometownandtheirfreelife.北方大漠Thedesertinthenorth大漠孤煙直，長(zhǎng)河落日?qǐng)A。Asmokehangsstraightonthevastdesert,Aroundsunsitsontheendlessstream.——【唐】王維《使至塞上》(TangDynasty)OnaMissionTowardstheFrontiersbvWangWei譯文：浩瀚沙漠中醒目的烽煙挺拔而起，長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的黃河上西下的太陽圓圓的。Version:asmokestraightrisesfromthevastdesert,andthesettingsunissoroundagainstthelongYellowRiver.邊塞，邊疆地區(qū)的要塞，泛指邊疆。這句詩寫了進(jìn)入邊塞后所看到的大漠奇特壯麗的風(fēng)光，畫面開闊，意境雄渾。邊疆沙漠，浩瀚無邊，所以用了“大”漠；邊塞荒涼，沒有什么奇觀異景，烽火臺(tái)燃起的那一股濃煙就顯得格外醒目， 孤”字寫出了景物的單調(diào)。 直”字，卻又表現(xiàn)了它的勁拔、 堅(jiān)毅之美。沙漠上沒有山巒林木，那橫貫其間的黃河，只有用一個(gè)長(zhǎng)”字才能表達(dá)詩人的感覺。落日，本來容易給人以感傷的印象，這里用一 圓”字，卻給人以親切溫暖而又蒼茫的感覺。 詩人把自己的孤寂情緒巧妙地溶化在廣闊的自然景象的描繪中。 被稱為寫邊塞風(fēng)光千古壯觀”的名句。Frontierfortressreferstothethroatofacountry.Thispoetdescribedthepeculiarandsplendidsceneryofthedesertinthepoem,afterenteringthefrontierfortress.Thedesertatthefrontierseemedendless.Sothepoetused “big”tomodifythedesert.Anditwasquitedeserttherewithnothingexcitingtosee,sothesmokefromthebeacontowerseemedespeciallystriking.Thepoetused “Ionely”toshowthatthescenerytherewasdull,whileheused emphasize “straight”tothebeautyofitsfirmnessandtenaciousness.Thesettingsunalwaysmakespeoplefeelupset.However,thepoetused “round”tochangetheimpression,whichmadeth^e^eladermandclose,aswellasthefeelingofbeingboundless.ThepoetexpressedhisIonelinesswhiledescribingthenaturalseenery.Andthesetwolinesareregardedasthemostfamouslinesforfrontierfortress.北方雪景TheSnow-coveredIandscapeinthenorth忽如一夜春風(fēng)來，千樹萬樹梨花開。Itislikeaspringgale,comeupinthenight,Blowingopenthepetalsoftenthousandpeartrees.――【唐】岑參《白雪歌送武判官歸京》(TangDynasty)Asongofwhitesnowinfarewelltofield-clerkWugoinghomdayCenCan塞外苦寒，北風(fēng)一吹，大雪紛飛。詩人以春風(fēng)”使梨花盛開，比擬北風(fēng)”使雪花飛舞，極為新穎貼切。南方人見過梨花盛開的景象，那雪白的花不僅是一朵一朵，而且是一團(tuán)一團(tuán)，花團(tuán)錦簇，壓枝欲低，與塞外雪壓冬林的景象極為神似。 千樹萬樹梨花開”的壯美意境，頗富有浪漫色彩。ItwasveryhardtolivebeyondtheGreatWall.Whenthewindblowsfromthenorth,snowwillcomesoon.Sothepoetdescribedthat aspringgaleblowsopenthepetals”，whichactuallydescribedthewindblowoffthesnow.Peoplelivinginthenorthhaveseenthesceneofpearflowersblooming,whichareaswhiteassnowandalsowiththeshapeofsnow.ThelineBlowingopenthepetalsoftenthousandpeartrees.isreallyromantic.觀賞了地域風(fēng)光，讓我們走進(jìn)中國的名山大川。

Afterenjoyingthedifferentregionalseenery,let'stepintotheworldofthegreatmountainsandriversinChina.(二)名山大川Thegreatmountainsandrivers一、名山Greatmounatins東岳泰山Thesouthernsacredmountain——MountTai會(huì)當(dāng)凌絕頂，一覽眾山小。Trytoascendthemountain 'screst,Itdwarfsallpeaksunderourfeet.――【唐】杜甫《望岳》(TangDynasty)GazingonMountTaibyDuFu譯文：一定要登上泰山的頂峰，周圍的其它山峰便都在腳下了。Version:you'betterclimbtothetopofMountTai.Whenyoureachthere,youwillfindalltheothermountainsarejustunderyou.泰山，有“天下第一山”之美譽(yù)。 又稱東岳，泰山位于山東省中部，自然景觀雄偉高大，有數(shù)千年精神文化的滲透和渲染， 中國古代先后有十二位皇帝來泰山封禪。 孔子留下了“登東山而小魯，登泰山而小天下”的贊嘆， 意思是：登上東山看魯國就變小了，登上泰山看天,whichisalso下都變小了。借此來說明泰山之高。,whichisalsoMountTaienjoysthenameof “ThefirstofChina'sFiveSacredMountainscalled“DongYue”.MountTaiislocatedinthemiddlepartofShandongProvinee,withmagnificentnaturalseenery.Ithasacultureofthousandsofyears.InChinesehistory,therewere12emperorscomingtoMountTaitosealtheChan,whichwasakindofritesthattheancientrulertoldtheworldhewasinpower.Confuciushadeverwrittenthelines 登東山而小魯，登泰山而小天下”whichmeanswhenConfucious mountedMountDong,CountryLuinhisbird-viewappearedsmaller;whenhewasonMountTai,theworldseemedtobeinhiseyeandtheworldseemedsmaller.還有一些俗語諺語，和泰山的文化有關(guān)。Besides,therearesomeidiomswhichareaboutthecultureofMountTai.有眼不識(shí)泰山：形容見識(shí)淺陋，認(rèn)不出有身份、有地位和本領(lǐng)大的人。 ”“haveeyesbutfailtorecognizeorseeMountTai ”Thissayingisusedtodescribesomeonewhohasapoorknowledge,orfailstorecognizethepersonwithhighpositionorgreatskills.泰山還有岳父的意思?！癮gedMountTai”referstothe-athaw.岳，指高峻的山。中國古代，認(rèn)為高山“峻極于天” ，把位于中原地區(qū)的東、南、西、北方和中央的五座高山定為“五岳”。古代帝王認(rèn)為五岳為群神居住的地方，經(jīng)常在那里舉行封禪、祭祀盛典。五岳指一一Yuereferstoahighmountain.InChinesehistory,peoplethinkthatthetopthehighmountainshouldreachthesky.Sopeopleconsiderthefivehighestmountainsintheeast,south,west,northandmiddleofthecentralplainsasTheFiveSacredMountainsinChina東岳泰山（1532.7米）,位于山東省，它山勢(shì)峻拔高挺，以“雄”著稱；ThesouthernoneMountTai,islocatedinShandongProvinee,whichisfamousformagnificenee.西岳華山（2154.9米），位于陜西省，它山勢(shì)崢嶸，以“險(xiǎn)”聞名；TheeasternoneMountHua,islocatedinShaanxiProvinee,whichisfamousforsteepness.南岳衡山（1300.2米），位于湖南省，秀麗多姿景觀豐富，以“秀”為特點(diǎn)；Thesouthernone——MountHeng,islocatedinHunanProvinee,whichisfamousforbeauty.北岳恒山（2016.1米），位于山西省，廟宇樓閣蒼松怪石，以“幽”著稱，懸空寺引來中外游客駐足觀賞；ThenortherinoneMountHeng,islocatedinShanxiProvinee,whichisfamousforpeace.中岳嵩山（1491.7米），位于河南省，群峰挺拔，氣勢(shì)磅礴，以“峻”為特點(diǎn)，嵩山少林寺聞名于世。ThecentraloneMountSong,islocatedinHenanProvinee,whichisfamousforpower.奇秀廬山Thefamousmountainwithuniquebeauty——MountLu讓我們打開《唐詩欣賞》的《望廬山瀑布》 P21。Let'openthebookAppreciationofTangPoetry.TurntoPage21.Let'lookatthepoemWatchingTheLuMountainFalls.飛流直下三千尺，疑是銀河落九天。Thetorrentdroppingthreethousandfeetstraightdowntothevalleyfloor.Ithinkitmustbethemilkywayspillingtotheearthfromtheheavens. 【唐】李白《望廬山瀑布》 （TangDynasty）WatchingTheLuMountainFallsbyLiBai譯文：壯觀的瀑布從高處急沖直流而下，真使人懷疑這是從天上傾瀉下來的銀河。Version:thegrandwaterfalldroppedstraightdownfromagreatheight,whichmadepeoplethoughtthatitwastheMilkyWayfromtheheaven.這兩句詩寫出了廬山瀑布向下傾瀉的磅礴氣勢(shì)。 現(xiàn)在，人們常常用這兩句詩來描寫瀑布的壯觀景色。ThesetwolinesshowthemajesticmomentumoftheLuMountainFalls.Nowadays,peopleoftenusethesetwolinestodescribethegreatsceneryofwaterfalls.廬山在中國江西省九江市，是中華文明的發(fā)祥地之一。廬山的瀑布很多，此句描寫的是三疊泉”瀑布。廬山具有盛夏如春的涼爽氣候， 是久負(fù)盛名的風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)和避暑游覽勝地。青峰、飛瀑、云海、園林”讓廬山擁有了“奇秀甲天下”的美譽(yù)。SituatedinthesouthernpartofJiujiangCity,JiangxiProvince,theLuMountainisoneofthebirthplacesofChinesecivilization.Therearemanywaterfallsonit.AndthislinejustdescribestheSandieWaterfalls.Themountainisfamousforitspleasantclimate,whichmakesitoneofthefamousscenicspotsandthesummerresorts.Andthepeaks,waterfalls,seaofcloudsandgardenswinitthehonorof"Thefirstbeautifulsceneryintheworld".秀麗黃山Thefamousmountainwithbeautifulseenery——MountHuang五岳歸來不看山，黃山歸來不看岳。Youwon'wanttovisitanyothermountainafterseeingtheFiveSacredMountainsinChina,butyouwon'wishtoseeeventheFiveSacredMountainsinChinaafterreturningfromMt.Huang. 【明】徐霞客(MingDynasty)XuXiake有人說五岳的特點(diǎn)，黃山兼而有之，所以明代著名旅行家、地理學(xué)家徐霞客贊嘆說：“黃山歸來不看岳?！秉S山以奇松、怪石、云海、溫泉、冬雪五絕著稱于世。有“天下第一奇山”之美稱。ItissaidthatMountHuanghasgottherespectivecharacteristicsofthefivesacredmountainsinChina.SothefamoustouristofMingDynastyandthegeographerXuXiaokegaspedinadmiration, youwon'wishtoseeeventhe FiveSacredMountainsinChinaafterreturningfromMt.Huang."TheHuangMountainisfamousforitsstrangely-shapedpines,fantasticrocks,seaofclouds,hotsprings,andwintersnows.Ithasbeenfamedasthemostfantasticmountainintheworld.也許你會(huì)說，中國的山怎么都是奇呀秀呀，不都一樣嗎？實(shí)際上它們的具體風(fēng)光是不同的，比如衡山的煙云，恒山的云海，廬山的瀑布，嵩山的寺廟怪石 ”只有你親自游覽才會(huì)體會(huì)其中的妙處。MaybeyouwouldsaythattheChinesemountainsareallbeautifulandpeculiar.Isthereanydiffereneebetweenthem?Actually,theirspecificsceneryisnotthesame.SuchasthesmogoverMountHeng,theseaofcloudsaboveMountHeng,thewaterfallsontheLuMountain,thepeculiarrocksinthetempleonMountSongandsoon.Onlywhenyouyourselfstartthetrip,youcanexperieneetherealbeautyofit.二、大川TheGreatRiver-中國的版圖上有兩條重要河流，它們都被譽(yù)為中國的“母親河” 。TherearetwoimportantriversinChinesemap.AndtheyarecalledthemotherriverofChina.黃河TheYellowRiver中華民族的搖籃，是中國第二長(zhǎng)河， 世界上含沙量最多的河流。它流經(jīng)9個(gè)省區(qū)，在中國北方蜿蜒流動(dòng)。從高空俯瞰，它恰似一個(gè)巨大的 幾”字，很像中華民族的圖騰一一龍。讓我們打開《唐詩欣賞》的《登鸛雀樓》。ThecradleoftheChinese,theYellowRiver,isthesecondIongestriverinChina,withthemostsandintheworld.Itrunsthrough9provincesandareas,windingthroughthenorthofChina.Tooverlookfromahighaltitude,itseemstobeahugeChinesecharacter幾",whichisliketheChinesetotem dragon.Let'sopenthebookAppreciationofTangPoetryandhavealookatthepoemAtHeronLode.白日依山盡，黃河入海流。欲窮千里目，更上一層樓。Thewhitesunisfadingdownthemountain,TheYellowRiverisflowingtothesea.――【唐】王之渙《登鸛雀樓》(TangDynasty)AtHeronLodgebyWangZhihuan譯文：夕陽依傍著西山慢慢地沉沒，滔滔黃河朝著東海洶涌奔流。若想把千里的風(fēng)光景物看夠，那就要登上更高的一層城樓。Version:setagainsttheWestMountain,thesunissettinggradually.TheYellowRiverisflowingtotheEastChinaSea.Ifyouwanttohaveafullviewofthegreatseenery,you'dbetterstepontoahigherfloor.反映了盛唐時(shí)期人們昂揚(yáng)向上這首詩寫詩人在登高望遠(yuǎn)中表現(xiàn)出來的不凡的胸襟抱負(fù)，的進(jìn)取精神。反映了盛唐時(shí)期人們昂揚(yáng)向上Thispoemwasusedtoexpresstheextraordinaryambitionofthepoets,whichreflectstheentrepreneurialspiritofthepeopleinTangDynasty.黃河遠(yuǎn)上白云間，一片孤城萬仞山。TheYellowRiverreacheshighbeyondtheclouds;Amidthemassivemountainsliesthesolitaryofatown.――【唐】王之渙《涼州詞》(TangDynasty) LiangzhouLinesbyWangZhihuan譯文：遼闊的高原上，黃河奔騰而來，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)向西望去，好像是從白云中流出來的一般。在高山大河的環(huán)抱下，一座地處邊塞的孤城巍然屹立。Version:throughthevastgrasslandsrunthegreatYellowRiver.Lookingintothedistaneeinthewest,youwillfindthattheriverseemsflowfromthewhitecloud.Surroundedbythegreatmountainsandrivers,atthefrontieralonelytownstandsmajesticallylikeamountain.這兩句，描寫了祖國山川的雄偉氣勢(shì)， 勾勒出這個(gè)國防重鎮(zhèn)的地理形勢(shì)， 突出了戍邊士卒的荒涼境遇。Thesetwolinesdescribedthemagnificenceofthegreatmountainsandriversofthecountry,andalsodrewtheoutlineofsuchanimportanttownfornationaldefense.Meanwhile,wecandeeplyexperieneethehardlivingenvironmentofthefrontierguards.九曲黃河萬里沙，浪淘風(fēng)簸自天涯。ThewindingYellowRivercamefromtheendoftheworld,rollingoninwaves;Thesedimentrolledupbytherunningriveralsoexperiencedstrongwindandbigwaves. 【唐】劉禹錫《浪淘沙》(TangDynasty)LangTaoShabyLiuYuxi譯文：萬里黃河彎彎曲曲挾帶著泥沙，波濤滾滾如巨風(fēng)掀簸來自天涯。Version:thewindingYellowRiver,carryingsediment,camefromtheendoftheworld,asrollingoninwaves.寫出了黃河泥沙多、大浪滾滾的特點(diǎn)。 Thislinedescribeditscharacteristicofbeingfullofsedimentandthestateofrollingoninwaves.還有一些俗語和黃河有關(guān)一一TherearesomeidiomsabouttheYellowRiver.不到黃河心不死： 不達(dá)目的不罷休，不到實(shí)在無路可走的的境地不肯死心。OnewillneverbehopelessuntilonereachestheYellowRiver,whichmeansnevertogiveupuntilonerealizeshisdream.跳進(jìn)黃河也洗不清： 無辜受累蒙上惡名而無法表白。Onecan'ctleanhimselfevenifhedivesintotheYellowRiverwhichmeansthatoneisinvolvedinsomethingbadinnocentlyandgratuitously.What 'sworse,hecan'texplainthefacttoothers.長(zhǎng)江TheChangjiangRiver長(zhǎng)江是中國第一大河，亞洲第一大河，世界第三大河。從版圖上看，它的形狀是一個(gè)巨大的“W”長(zhǎng)江發(fā)源于中國西部， 完全或部分流經(jīng)包括西藏自治區(qū)在內(nèi)的 13省區(qū)。該流域是中國巨大的糧倉，產(chǎn)糧幾乎占全國的一半，其中水稻達(dá)總量的 70%。長(zhǎng)江兩岸多名山大川，風(fēng)光秀麗，有許多游覽勝地。由于流程長(zhǎng)，流域廣，土地肥沃，灌溉便利，物產(chǎn)豐富。中華民族的搖籃雖在黃河流域，但據(jù)史載，周武王滅殷后，領(lǐng)域南達(dá)長(zhǎng)江流域，此后黃河、長(zhǎng)江兩流域便成為中國歷史文化發(fā)展的重心。TheChangjiangRiveristheIongestriverinAsiaandChina,andthethird-longestintheworld,withashapeoftheletterW.ItstartsfromtheeastofChina,completelyorpartlyflowingthrough13provincesandareas,includingTibetAutonomousRegion.ThisriverbasinisahugebarnforChina,wheregrownearlyhalfofthegrainofthewholecountry,andricemakesup70%.Onthebanksoftheriver,therearemanyfamousmountainsandriverswithbeautifulsceneryandplacesofinterest.Becausethelengthandwidthoftheriver,thefertilityoftheearth,itisimportantforirrigationandmeanwhile,theriverbringspeoplerichnaturalresources.AlthoughtheChineseliveontheYellowRiver,accordingthehistory,aftertheKingWuofZhoudestroyedtheShangDynasty,histerritorywasexpandedtotheChangjiangRiver.Afterwards,theYellowRiverandtheChangjiangRiverbecamethecoreofthedevelopmentofChinesehistoryandculture.無邊落木蕭蕭下，不盡長(zhǎng)江滾滾來。Leavesaredroppingdownlikethesprayofawaterfall，WhileIwatchtheChangjiangRiveralwaysrollingon. 【唐】杜甫《登高》(TangDynasty)AnAscentbyDuFu落木，就是落葉。這句寫的是秋天的景色。茫無邊際、蕭蕭而下的落葉，奔流不息、滾滾而來的江水。傳達(dá)出年華易逝，壯志難酬的傷感。Here“l(fā)uomu”meansthefallenleaves.Thislinedescribedthesceneryinautumn.Thefallenleavesandtherunningriverconveys thesadnessfortheyoungageandfortheunfulfilmentofambition.孤帆遠(yuǎn)影碧空盡，惟見長(zhǎng)江天際流。Hislesseningsailislostintheboundlessbluesky;WhereIseebuttheendlessRiverrollingby.――【唐】李白《送孟浩然之廣陵》(TangDynasty)SeeingMengHaoranOfftoGuangLingbyLiBai譯文：孤單的小船好像消失在水天相接的地方，只能看見長(zhǎng)江在滾滾翻動(dòng)。Version:theIonelyboatseemsdisappearattheplacewheretheskyandwatermergeatthehorizon,withtherunningriverleftonly.這是一首送別詩。一片孤帆，伴著詩人的朋友漂向水天相連的遠(yuǎn)方，直至帆影消失在碧空盡頭，詩人卻仍佇立樓頭，凝眸遠(yuǎn)望，不愿離去。詩中沒一個(gè)字說到離愁別思，但字里行間卻分明流露出朋友遠(yuǎn)去的惆悵與留戀。Thisisapoemofseeingoff.TheIonelyboatcarryingthepoet'friendflowedtotheplacewheretheskyandwatermergeatthehorizon,tilltheboatdisappearsinthedistanee.However,thepoetstillstandsonthebuilding,lookingintothedistanee,unwillingtoleave.Youcanhardlyfindawordaboutthesadnessfordeparture,butbetweenthelines,youcanclearlyfeelthesadnessbecauseofthefriend'leaving.西湖TheWestLake杭州西湖位于被稱為“人間天堂”的浙江省杭州市。西湖舊名也叫錢塘湖、西子湖，宋代始稱西湖。它以秀麗的湖光山色和眾多的名勝古跡聞名中外，是中國著名的旅游勝地。湖區(qū)以蘇堤，白堤兩個(gè)景段的優(yōu)美風(fēng)光著稱。 蘇堤和白堤是中國古代著名詩人蘇東坡和白居易在杭州做官時(shí)修的兩道堤壩， 因此西湖也具有一定的文化內(nèi)涵， 很多文人墨客在西湖流下了千古名篇。TheWestLakeislocatedinthecityofHangzhou,JiangsuProvince,whichisfamousastheparadiseontheearth”lnthepast,theWestLakewasalsocalledQiantangLakeorXiziLake.FromtheSongDynasty,itwascalledastheWes