托福作文寫作范文詳解ortrait

托福作文寫作范文詳解綜合寫作ReadingRembrandtisthemostfamousoftheseventeenth-centuryCutchpainters.However,therearedoubtswhethersomepaintingsattributedtoRembrandtwereactuallypaintedbyhim.OnesuchpaintingisknownasPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet.ThepaintingwasattributedtoRembrandtbecauseofitsstyle,andindeedtherepresentationofthewoman'sfaceisverymuchlikethatofportraitsknowntobebyRembrandt.ButthereareproblemswiththepaintingthatsuggestitcouldnotbeaworkbyRembrandtFirst,thereissomethinginconsistentaboutthewaythewomanintheportraitisdressed.Sheiswearingawhitelinencapofakindthatonlyservantswouldwear-yetthecoatsheiswearinghasaluxuriousfurcollarthatnoservantcouldafford.Rembrandt,whowasknownforhisattentiontothedetailsofhissubjects'clothing,wouldnothavebeenguiltyofsuchaninconsistency.Second,Rembrandtwasamasterofpaintinglightandshadow,butinthispaintingthereelementsdonotfittogether.Thefaceappearstobeilluminatedbylightreflectedontoisfrombelow.Butbelowthefaceisthedarkfurcollar,whichwouldabsorblightratherthanreflectit.Sothefaceshouldappearpartiallyinshadow--whichisnothowitappears.Rembrandtwouldneverhavemadesuchanerror.Finally,examinationofthebackofthepaintingrevealsthatiswaspaintedonapanelmadeofseveralpiecesofwoodgluedtogether.AlthoughRembrandtoftenpaintedonwoodpanels,nopaintingknowntobebyRembrandtusesapanelgluedtogetherinthiswayfromseveralpiecesofwood.ForthesereasonsthepaintingwasremovedfortheofficialcatalogofRembrandtspaintingsinthe1930s.Listening:EverythingyoujustreadaboutPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnetistrue.Andyet,afterathoroughreexaminationofthepainting,apanelofexpertshasrecentlyconcludedthatit'sindeedaworkbyRembrandt.Here'swhy.First,thefurcollar.X-raysanalysisofthepigmentinthepainthaveshownthatthefurcollarwasn7tpartoftheoriginalpainting.Thefurcollarwaspaintedoverthetopoftheoriginalpaintingabout100yearsafterthepaintingwasmade.Why?Someoneprobablywantedtoincreasethevalueofthepaintingbymakingitlooklikeaformalportraitofanaristocraticlady.Second,thesupposederrorwiththelightandshadow.Oncethepaintoftheaddedfurcollarwasremoved,theoriginalpaintingcouldbeseen.Intheoriginalpainting,thewomaniswearingasimplecollarofalightcoloredcloth.Thelightcoloredclothofthiscollarreflectslightthatilluminatespartofthewoman7sface.Thatswhythefaceisnotinpartialshadow.SointheoriginalpaintingthelightandshadowwasveryrealisticandjustwhatweexpectfromRembrandt.Finally,thewoodpanel.Itturnsoutthatwhenthefurcollarwasadded,thewoodpanelwasalsoenlargedwithextrawoodpiecesgluedtothesidesandtoptomakethepaintinggranderandmorevaluable.SotheoriginalpaintingwasactuallypaintedonasinglepieceofwoodaswouldbeexpectedfromRembrandt7spainting.Andinfact,researchershavefoundthatthepieceofwoodintheoriginalformofPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnetisfromtheverysametreeasthewoodpanelusedforanotherpaintingbyRembrandt,hisselfportraitwithahat.Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture.Beingsuretoexplainhowtheyansweredthespecificproblemspresentedinthereadingpassage.閱讀聽力要點概括ReadingPassageTheme:TherearedoubtsthatthepaintingwasdonebyRKeypoint1:Rwouldnotignoretheinconsistenceinthatthewomanworewhatshecouldnotafford.Keypoint2:Rwouldknowthatthelightandshadowdidnotfitwell.Keypoint3:Rwouldnotemploywoodpanelsthatweregluedtogether.LectureTheme:Waystocontrol,notclearKeywords1:Enoughknowledge,stop,emptyoutthefreshwater,refillwithoceanwater,saltwater,kill.Keywords2:Removed,originalpainting,simple,light-colored,lightandshadow,illuminated,realistic.Keywords3:Added,enlarged,extrawoodpieces,valuable,single,anotherpainting.范文逐段賞析Paragraph1Bothtextsdealwiththequestionofwhetherornotthepainting“PortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet“waspaintedbythemostfamousDutchpainterRembrandt.Thetextclearlystates,thatmanyfactsprovethatitwasnotpaintedbyRembrandthimself,butjustattributedtohimbecauseofhisstyle.Inthelecture,however,theprofessorgivesproofwhyitisinfactaworkofthefamousDutchpainter.此段功能首段是總領(lǐng)段，總結(jié)了文章與講座中的不同觀點，為接下來的論述做好了鋪墊。此段結(jié)構(gòu)本段為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，首句指出了全文討論的問題，即這幅畫是不是由荷蘭著名畫家親自畫的。然后分別闡述了閱讀和聽力中的觀點，即在文章中,作者認(rèn)為此畫不是由畫家本人親自完成的，只是沿用了他的風(fēng)格；而在講座中，演講者認(rèn)為有證據(jù)證明此畫就是畫家本人所畫。Paragraph2Thefirstcontradictingfactistheclothesofthewomanintheportrait.Sheiswearingawhitelinencapwhichgiveshertheappearanceofasimpleservant,whereastheluxuriousfurcollarshewearsdoesnotfit.Inthelecture,itissaidthatafterathoroughresearch,peoplefoundoutthatthefurcollarwasaddedtothepaintingabout100yearslaterinordertoincreasethevalueofthework,becausenowitillustratedanaristocraticladyinsteadofaservant.此段功能本段指出了畫中第一個矛盾點：畫中女人服裝不統(tǒng)一。然后陳述了演講者對于這一矛盾點的解釋，即畫中女人的皮領(lǐng)是100多年后后人加上的，用以增加畫的價值，以此來證明這幅畫原畫還是畫家本人所做。此段結(jié)構(gòu)本段并列結(jié)構(gòu)，首先指出第一個矛盾點，然后闡述了演講者的反駁觀點。Paragraph3Anotherproblemwiththepaintingwasthedisplayoflightandshadow.Rembrandtwasknownasamasterofpaintinglightandshadow.Yetcontradictorilytheelementsintheworkdonotfittogether.However,thelecturerexplainsthatbyremovingtheadditionalfurcollar,onecouldseethattheladywaswearingasimplelightcoloredcloth,whichreflectslightintoherface.此段功能本段指出了畫中第二個矛盾點：畫中光影的處理。畫家以光影的處理著稱，然而畫中元素并不統(tǒng)一和諧。演講者對此的解釋是，因為畫中皮領(lǐng)為后加上的，去掉這個部分，原畫中的光影處理還是很好的，以此來證明這幅畫原畫還是畫家本人所做。此段結(jié)構(gòu)本段并列結(jié)構(gòu)，首先指出第二個矛盾點，然后闡述了演講者的反駁觀點。Paragraph4Thethirdaspectwhichmakespeoplewonderabouttheoriginsofthepaintingwasthefact,whichthepanelwasmadeofseveralpiecesofwoodgluedtogetherinsteadofjustonepanelwhichwasusualforworksofRembrandt.Buttheadditionalpanelswerealsoaddedlatertoenlargethepainting.Bydoingthisthepaintingseemedtobemorevaluable.AnotherinterestingfactisthatthemainpanelismadefromthesametreelikeanotherpaintingofRembrandt,“Self-portraitwithahat".此段功能本段指出了畫中第三個矛盾點：畫的鑲嵌板不是畫家慣用的一整塊風(fēng)格,而是多塊拼接而成。但是演講者指出，多余的鑲嵌板也是后加的，而原畫只有主鑲嵌板，并且有趣的是，這個鑲嵌板還和畫家之前的一幅畫的鑲嵌板出自同一