過去完成時態(tài)講解及練習

過去完成時態(tài)講解及練習過去完成時態(tài)講解及練習過去完成時態(tài)講解及練習資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月過去完成時態(tài)講解及練習版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：完成時態(tài)1）過去完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成：

肯定式：had+動詞的過去分詞

否定式：hadn't+動詞的過去分詞

疑問式：Had…+動詞的過去分詞

簡略回答:Yes,主+have/hashad.

No,主+had現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

2)過去完成時適用場合1.過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。這個過去的時間常用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.我在晚飯前就把作業(yè)做完了。Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.我們到劇場時戲已經(jīng)開始了。

BytheendofJunetheyhadtreatedover10,000patients.到六月底他們已經(jīng)治療了一萬多病人。2.過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或還要持續(xù)下去，常與for，since等詞連用。如：Hehadservedinthearmyfortenyearsbeforeheretiredlastyear.他在部隊干了十年，去年退役了。Hetoldmethathehadknownhersincehewasachild.他告訴我他從小就認識她。HehadlearnedEnglishforeightyearsbeforehewenttoEnglandforfurtherstudy.他在去英國深造前，已學了八年英語。3.在一段情景連貫的文字中，先發(fā)生的事放在后面敘述時，要用過去完成時。如：Tomflewhome,buthisfatherhadalreadydied.湯姆乘飛機回家，他的父親卻已經(jīng)去世了。4.過去完成時也用于hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,Itwasthefirsttime+that分句等一些固定句型中。Hehadnosoonerlefttheroomthantheybegantotalkabouthim.他剛離開房間，他們就議論起他來。Wehadhardlybegunwhenweweretoldtostop.我們剛開始就被叫停。Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverspokentomeinsuchatune.他用這樣的語調(diào)跟我講話，這是第一次。例題解析：舉一反三，學的更輕松！1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgone

B.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goes

D.hadstudied,hadgone解析："他去北京之前在上大學學習了4年"。在上海學習的動作發(fā)生在去北京之前，因此第一個空應用過去完成時。此題選B。2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyed

B.wasenjoying

C.hadenjoyed

D.wouldenjoy解析：Itwas+時間段+since引導的從句中用過去完成時。應選C。3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeenin

B.hadbeenin

C.hadbeento

D.hadgoneto解析："小培說她去了海南三個月

"。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暫性的動詞短語。所以適應表示狀態(tài)的havebeenin.應選B.時態(tài)綜合例題：１--WhatareMrandMrsBlackdoing---They_____teainthegarden.

A.aredrinking

B.drank

C.havedrunk

D.drink2.Mymotheroftenasksme_____early.

A.getup

B.gotup

C.gettingup

D.togetup3.SoonWuDong____upwithLiLei,thentheywereneckandneck.

A.taught

B.caught

C.bought

D.brought4.Thecar____andstoppedattheredtrafficlight.

A.goton

B.gotoff

C.sloweddown

D.pickedup5.Tom____theCDplayerfortwoweeks.

A.haslent

B.hasborrowed

C.hasbought

D.hashad6.---Doyouknow______

---Sorry,butifhe_____back,I____youknowassoonaspossible.

A.whenwillhebeback,comes,willlet

B.whenhewillbeback,willcome,willlet

C.whattimewillhebeback,willcome,let

D.whattimehewillbeback,comes,willlet7.We____totheparkifitisfinetomorrow.

A.willgo

B.havegone

C.go8.Anewshoefactorywill______inthispartofthecity.

A.bebuilding

B.bebuilt

C.build

9.---______allyourthings,Tom!Ihatethemhereandthere.

---OK,Mom.

A.Putup

B.Puton

C.Putdown

D.Putaway10.---Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend

---Sorry,Ipreferto____ratherthan_____.

A.tostayathome,goout

B.togoout,stayathome

C.stayathome,goout

D.goingout,stayathome一、選擇最佳答案填空(動詞及搭配)：1.Apolicemansawtwothieves______agirl'smobilephoneonthebusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tosteal

B.stealing

C.stole

D.stolen2.TheChinesepingpongplayerswilljoininthe's______themsuccess.A.

wish

wish

hope3.Heissocarelessthathealways______hisschoolthingsathome.A.

forgets

4.----Who______thecomputerIwanttouseit.

----Timmy.He______itforaweek.A.

borrowed,hasborrowed

borrowed,boughtborrowed,haskept

,hasborrowed5.Look!Oneofthegirls______thedoor.A.

cleans

cleaning

cleaning6.Ifyoudon'tfeelwell,youmayjust______.stoppedreading

reading

toread

toread7.----Wherecanwegetabaseball

----Let's______.A.lendJimone

onetoJimonefromJim

oneofJim8.----Mymodelshipdoesn'twork.

----Don'tworry.I'llhaveit______thisafternoon.A.repairing

9.You______washyourhandsbeforemeals.A.need

10.Willyou______thelightIt'sdarkintheroom.A.

geton

off

on

off11.MynameisZhangMingjian.Youmay______meZhangMingjianorMrZhang.A.ask

12.Thereisgoingto______agameinourschoolthisafternoon.A.

has

13.You'dbetter______smoking.It'sbadforyourhealth.A.

eatup

up

up

up14.----Howdoyoulikethisbook

----Ithinkithasnothingto______withourstudy.A.make

15.----WhereisMrBrownIhavesomequestionstoaskhim.

----He______theoffice.A.hasbeento

beenin

goneto

goneinbuskeptthepeople______fortwentyminutes.A.wait

wait

believethescientistswill______abetterwaytohealthedisease.A.getonwith

upwith

onwith

upwithdoyouoften______thispinkblouse

----Becauseitfitsmewell.A.puton

on19.JackalwaysrunsfasterthanPeter,butthistimehe______him.A.wentover

behind

off

off20.TheInternet______iteasytogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.A.finds

參考答案：1--5BACCB

6-10BCCBC

11--15DCBBC

16-20CBBBB二、選擇最佳答案填空(動詞時態(tài))：1.

We__________outbythattimethathe_________athiefforalongtime.A.hadfound,hadbeen

B.hadfound,wasC.found,hadbeen

D.found,was2.

Itsohappenedthatthey________thenovelbefore.

A.hadread

B.wouldread

C.werereading

D.read3.

She________fornearlytwohours.

A.kepttalking

B.kepttotalk

C.haskepttalking

D.kepttotalking4.

Spring_______afterwinter.A.comes

B.came

C.hascome

D.hadcomehearsomenoiseinthenextroom.-Oh,yes.Yoursister_______there.A.cries

B.iscrying

C.cried

D.wascrying6.

Allthestudents__________toplanttreesandthere'snobodyintheclassroom.A.go

B.willgo

C.havegone

D.woundgo7.Stop!Alittleboy_________thestreet.A.iscrossing

B.crosses

C.crossed

D.hascrossed8.Thegirl________tomilksincelastwinter.A.learns

B.learned

C.haslearned

D.wouldlearn9.What__________toyouthismorningA.happens

B.ishappened

C.happened

D.washappened10.-Theoldmanlookshealthy.-Yes.He________somerunningafterhegetsup.

A.does

B.did

C.hasdone

D.willdo11.Shedidn'tpasstheexamsbecauseshe________herlessonswell.A.wasn'tprepared

B.wasn'tbeenpreparedC.hadn'tprepared

D.waspreparing12.Thisstory_______inafarawayvillageinEuropemanyyearsago.A.ishappened

B.washappened

C.happened

D.hasbeenhappened13.-MrKingcamebacktoourvillage.-ReallyForwhat

-Theoldman________thenoiseinthecity.A.ishating

B.hates

C.washating

D.hashated14.Hisfather________foraweek.A.died

B.willdie

C.hasbeendied

D.hasbeendead15.Mymotherisill.I_______stayathomeandlookafterher.A.hasto

B.must

C.would

D.havetoyouknowtheFrenchman

---Yes.I______himfortwoyears.A.know

B.haveknown

C.knew

D.havebeenknown17.They______alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.A.

spend

B.hadspent

C.havespent

D.willspend18.Greatchanges_______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.

beentakenplace,havebeensetup

takenplace,havebeensetup

takenplace,havesetup

takenplace,weresetup19.---WhendidKate'sgrandmadie

---Whilethedoctors______onher.

A.areoperating

B.wereoperating

C.operate

D.operated20.---Whoareyoulookingfor

---MrWhite.

---Waithereforawhile.Theclassmeeting_______

overinhalfanhour.

A.is

B.willbe

C.was

D.hasbeen21.Ifshe'snotathome,you______trytelephoningherattheoffice.

A.will

B.could

C.would

D.need22.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet.

A.havelooked

B.haven'tlooked

C.havebeenlooked

D.haven'tbeenlookeddon'twanttospeaktoher,butI______.

A.do

B.haveto

C.havetospeak

D.mustto24.Hurryup,oryou_____thetrain.

A.miss

B.lose

C.willmiss

D.willlosenewlibrary____nextweek.

A..willbuild

B.willbebuilt

C.wouldbuild

D.wouldbebuilt'sMabel

---She_____pingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding.

A.isplaying

B.wasplaying

C.played

D.hadplayed27.Quiteafewtallbuildings_______thelasttwoyears.

A.havebeenputup

B.wereputup

C.hadputup

D.putup28.Man-made-satellites______intospacebymanycountries.

A.wassentup

B.issentup

C.havebeensentup

D.hasbeensentup29.I_______allthewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenowB.

copy

B.willcoup

C.copied

D.havecopied30.Nobodyknew_______alivinginthatcountry.

A.todo

B.tomake

C.howtodo

D.howtomakeoldmanneedsatmostfivehour'ssleepanight,buthe__________foroversevenhourstonight.A.hasfallenasleep

Bhasslept

Chasgonetobed

D.hasgonetosleep'mreallygettingtoofat.

Fromnowon,I________moreexerciseandeatlessfood.Ahavedone

Bdo

Camdoing

Dwilldo33.Youdon'tneed__________her.I_________herforseveraltimes.Adescribe,hadmet

Bdescribe,meet

Ctodescribe,havemet

Ddescribe,met34.HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficult__________.Ainfollowing

Bforbeingfollowed

Ctofollow

Dtobefollowedby35.Whenhewasachild,hetriedtofindways_______people________lifemore.A.tohelp,enjoy

B.help,toenjoy

C.help,enjoying

D.tobehelped,toenjoydidyourclassteacher________youto_______atthe

meetingA.tell,say

B.ask,speak

C.tell,speak

D.ask,talkbusuntilit_______.A.Getoff,stops

B.getoff,willstopC.Don'tgetoff,stops

D.Don'tgetoff,willstop38ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinShanghai_______inthelasttenyears.A.hasraised

B.hasrisen

C.hasbeenraised

D.hasbeenrisen39-WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere

-He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.hasdriven

B.drove

C.drives

D.isdriving40.Hurryup!Theplay_______fortenminutes.

A.hadbegun

B.began

C.hasbeenon

D.hasbegun1-5CAAAB

6-10CACCC

11-15CCBCD

16-20

BCBBB21-25ADBCB

26-30AACDD

31-35

BDCCA

36-40ACBBC過去完成時與一般過去時的比較1.當一個由before,after,assoonas等連詞引導的從句所表示的動作和主句的動作緊接著發(fā)生時，兩個動作均可用一般過去時來表示。Wehadbreakfastafterwedidmorningexercises.做完早操后，我們吃早飯。Thetrainstartedtomovejustbeforehereachedtheplatform.他到月臺時火車剛開走。Theystartedploughingassoonastheygottothefields.他們一到地里就開始耕地。2.按時間順序敘述兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作時，用一般過去時。Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandsatdownatthetable.他走進屋子，打開燈，坐在桌子旁。3.在表示某人過去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“計劃”、“想法”、“許諾”等時，hope,mean,plan,think,intend等謂語動詞常用過去完成時。Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn’tcatchthetrain.我本來希望昨晚回來的，但沒搭上火車。Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybuttheywouldn’tletusgo.我們本想早回來的，但他們不讓我們走。4.在表示過去的句子中出現(xiàn)常與完成時態(tài)連用的詞，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次數(shù)名詞等時，常用過去完成時來表示。Whenwegottherethebasketballmatchhadalreadystarted.我們到那里時，籃球賽已經(jīng)開始了。Theoldmansaidthathewantedtogowherehehadneverbeen.老人說他想到他從未去過的地方去。5.如果句中出現(xiàn)了表示具體的過去時間的狀語，句子的內(nèi)容為過去的實際情況或句子的內(nèi)容為歷史事實時，句中的動詞時態(tài)常用一般過去時。如：TheteachersaidthatitwasColumbuswhofirstdiscoveredtheAmericancontinent.老師說是哥倫布最早發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。6.表述說話人始料未及的事情時，句子的謂語動詞常用一般過去時。由于受漢語表述習慣的影響，常會用錯時態(tài)。Jack,youarealsohere!Ididn’tseeyou.杰克，你也在這啊！我沒有看見你。隨講隨練

1.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe_____forthewedding.

[2006年全國II卷]A.willplan

B.hasplanned

C.wouldplan

D.hadplanned

2.Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkI______tohalfadozenothergroups.

[2006年湖南卷]A.wasgiving

B.amgiving

C.hadgiven

D.havegiven

3.Father

forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn’tseehim.[2005年福建卷]A.hasleft

B.left

C.wasleaving

D.hadleft

4.She______herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.

[2004年重慶卷]A.wouldchange

B.haschanged

C.changed

D.waschanging

5.He______tospendtheimportantdaywithuslastSunday,buthewastoobusythen.A.hoped

B.hashoped

C.hadhoped

D.wouldhoped

6.Whentheoldman______towalkbacktohishouse,thesun______itselfbehindthemountain.

[2005年湖北卷]A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washiding

D.wasstarting;hid

7.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople______toenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnology.

[2004年江蘇卷]A.begin

B.began

C.havebegun

D.hadbegun

8.—Oh,isthatyou,Bob

—Err...yes.Ah,you’reMary.SorryI_____you.Wehaven’tseeneachotherfortenyears,haveweA.didn’trecognize

B.hadn’trecognized

C.haven’trecognized

D.don’trecognize

Key：1-8DCDCCABA過去完成時專項練習題1、在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。例如：WhenIreturnedhome,myguesthadalreadyleft.

IdidnotseethefilmbecauseIhadseenitbefore.2、常用于told,said,knew,heard,thought,ask等動詞后的賓語從句。例如：Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.HeaskedwhatIhadsaid.現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,過去完成時強調(diào)對過去的影響或結(jié)果。

1.單項選擇1．Heaskedme_____duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeen

B.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeen

D.wherehadIgone2.What____Jane____bythetimehewassevenA.did,do

B.has,

done

Cdid,did.

D.had,

done3.I______900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learned

B.waslearning

C.hadlearned

D.learnt4.She______livedherefor______years.A.had,

afew

B.has,

several

C.had,

alotof

D.has,

agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.Ahadcooked

B.cooked

C.havecooked

D.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseen

B.saw

C.willsee

D.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,from

B.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,with

D.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.

hascompleteduniversity

B.hascompletedtheuniversityB.

hadcompletedanuniversity

D.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks______theendoflastyear.A.for

B.in

C.by

D.at10.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,piano

B.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepiano

D.learns,piano.11.What_______Annie____bythetimehewastenA.did,do

B.did,did

C.has,done

D.haddone12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworked

B.works

C.hadworked

D.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.hascompleted

B.completed

C.willcomplete

D.hadcompleted14.Benhatesplaying_____violin,

buthelikesplaying____football.A.a…the

B.the…the

C./…the

D.the…/15.Bythetimehewas4,

he______alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearned

B.haslearned

C.learned

D.learns16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.A.wasleft

B.hadleft

C.hasleft

D.left_________inGuangzhousince2000.A.lived

B.hadlived

C.havelived

D.wereliving18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.A.hasarrived

B.wasarriving

C.arrived

D.hadarrived19.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleaned

B.hadcleaned

C.wascleaned

D.havebeencleaned20.Fergie_______theprojectinonehour.A.havefinished

B.willfinish

C.finishes

D.hasfinished21.Theman________hiscoatandwentout.A.puton

B.hadputon

C.willputon

D.wasputtingon22Mymother______inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworked

B.hasworked

C.worked

D.works23.Dad________whilehe_______TV.A.fellasleep…watch

B.wasfallingasleep…watched

C.fellasleep……waswatching

D.hadfallenasleep…watched答案：1．Heaskedme__A___duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone2.What_D___Jane____bythetimehewassevenA.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I___C___900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She___A___livedherefor______years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I__A___thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked6.Shesaidshe__D________theprinciple（原理）alreadyA.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen7.Shesaidherfamily__B_____themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he___D______.A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversityB.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks___C___theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at10.He__B___toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.11.What__D_____Annie____bythetimehewastenA.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone12.He_C__inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork13.Bytheendoflastweek,they_D___thebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted14.Benhatesplaying_D____violin,buthelikesplaying____football.A.a…theB.the…theC./…theD.the…/15.Bythetimehewas4,he_A_____alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen__D___theclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left____C_____inGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving18.ThetrainfromBeijing__C_____tenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived19.Thestudents___B______theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned20.Fergie__B_____theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinished21.Theman___A_____hiscoatandwentout.A.putonB.hadputonC.willputonD.wasputtingon22Mymother_C____inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.workedD.works23.Dad_C_______whilehe_______TV.A.fellasleep…watchB.wasfallingasleep…watchedC.fellasleep……waswatchingD.hadfallenasleep…watched

2.用動詞的適當形式填空1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey________(leave).4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen_______

(arrive).5.I__________(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make)

aphonecall.7.Tom__________(say)he___________(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan____________(fail)becausewe_____________(make)abadmistake.9.Whenthechairman______________(finish)speaking,he_____________(leave)thehall.Reads__

______

(have)lunchwhenI________________(get)totheirhouse.I______________(arrive)atthestation,he____________________(leave).12..We_______________(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.13.Iwaiteduntilhe_______________(finish)hishomework.14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe________already______(do)____________(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe________________(go)therebefore.16.He______________(nottell)youthenewsyet.17.Hesaidhe_____________already_________(give)thebooktotheteacher.18.I______________(be)toShanghaibefore.19.Shetoldmeshe_________________(be)toSanyathreetimes._____________(play)theguitarwhilehersister_______________(sing).

答案：1.We___hadpainted____(paint)thehousebeforewemoved________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman__hadmade___(make)awillbeforehedied(die).3.They__hadstudied_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_left___(leave).4.Therobbers_hadrunaway____(runaway)beforethepolicemenarrived(arrive).5.I__hadturnedoff_____(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI__went___(go)tobed.6.Paulwent(go)outwithJaneafterhe_hadmade_____(make)aphonecall.7.Tom___said__(say)hehadread_______(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan____failed_(fail)becausewe_hadmade______(make)abadmistake.9.Whenthechairman___finished_____(finish)speaking,he____left____(leave)thehall.Readswerehaving(have)lunchwhenI___got_____(get)totheirhouse.I__arrived________(arrive)atthestation,he___hadleft_____(leave).12..We_____hadlearned___(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.13.Iwaiteduntilhe__finished_____(finish)hishomework.14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe_had____already__done____(do)_didn'tgo___(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe___hadgone____(go)therebefore.16.He__hasn'ttold(nottell)youthenewsyet.1