最新現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別教學(xué)講義ppt

現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別I

want

toreadabookwrittenbythewoman

living

there.toreadwrittenliving非謂語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞&過去分詞用法異同

不同點(diǎn)：分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。Therewasaterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed

簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)、修飾noise的分詞短語(yǔ)；再根據(jù)句意“一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響?！笨芍?，巨響應(yīng)是主動(dòng)，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題應(yīng)選B。TheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayed D.tobeplaying簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分是一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)、修飾TheOlympicGames的后置分詞短語(yǔ)；再根據(jù)TheOlympicGames對(duì)于動(dòng)詞play來說只能是被動(dòng)承受，且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此，該題應(yīng)選C。Mostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting

簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句whowereinvitedThefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語(yǔ)從句whichwerewritten二、分詞作表語(yǔ)共同點(diǎn)：分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，它起著形容詞的作用。不同點(diǎn)：分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作的一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。（“令人…”“感到…”）

Thisnewssounds____.A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage

簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語(yǔ)，因?yàn)閟ounds在此句中用作連系動(dòng)詞；再根據(jù)Thenews對(duì)于動(dòng)詞encourage來說應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即這個(gè)消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。

-Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?-Theygotvery____.A.exciteB.excitedC.excitedlyD.exciting

簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試他們被那出新戲所打動(dòng)。

-HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?-Well,hisfatherseems____withhisresults.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease

簡(jiǎn)析：首先,根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語(yǔ)。因?yàn)閟eems在此句中用作連系動(dòng)詞;再根據(jù)hisfather對(duì)于動(dòng)詞please來說應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即這個(gè)結(jié)果使他的父親高興;換言之,他的父親因?yàn)槭艿竭@個(gè)結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此,該題應(yīng)選C。三、分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

共同點(diǎn)：分詞在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，對(duì)句子的賓語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充或說明作用。

不同點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的賓語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。Thenextmorningshefoundtheman____inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying

簡(jiǎn)析:首先,根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ),補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)theman;再根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)theman對(duì)于動(dòng)詞lie來說應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且,lie這個(gè)動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞found同時(shí)進(jìn)行。因此,該題應(yīng)選A。-Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-I’dliketohavethepackage____,madam.beweighedB.tobeweighedC.toweighD.weighed

簡(jiǎn)析:首先,根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知,待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ),補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)thepackage;再根據(jù)thepackage對(duì)于動(dòng)詞weigh來說,只能是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.sailing C.tosailD.tohavesailed簡(jiǎn)析:該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試動(dòng)詞imagine后要求跟動(dòng)名詞,Peter是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair____againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove

簡(jiǎn)析:該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試使役動(dòng)詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語(yǔ)正發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。四、分詞作狀語(yǔ)

共同點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般在句子中作時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語(yǔ)。

不同點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。1.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.made D.tomake

簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分在整個(gè)句中應(yīng)作狀語(yǔ)；再根據(jù)Europeanfootball對(duì)于make來說應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。2.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived

簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選C。測(cè)試非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式是在其前直接加not。若動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前時(shí)用非謂語(yǔ)的完成式。3.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingadded B.toaddC.addingD.added簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選C。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說明的狀語(yǔ)。4.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointing

簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，通過副詞angrily進(jìn)行干擾。若B答案為andpointedangrily時(shí)也對(duì)。另外，分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)與整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，需要獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。(此時(shí)，也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。)例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands____behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

簡(jiǎn)析：很顯然，待選部分的邏輯主語(yǔ)是hishands，而不是句子的主語(yǔ)Themurderer,而hishands對(duì)于動(dòng)詞tie來說，只能是被動(dòng)承受。因此，該題應(yīng)選D。時(shí)態(tài)：__________強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，__________強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。語(yǔ)態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞側(cè)重于_______，

過去分詞側(cè)重于_______。

現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)根本區(qū)別第四步：分析時(shí)態(tài)

第一步：辨別“謂與非謂”

第二步：找非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)

第三步：判斷語(yǔ)態(tài)

非謂語(yǔ)的“有法可依”1.Icannotunderstand_____suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveup B.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingup D.hisbeinggivenup2.Jane’ssummervacationinEnglandledto_____anEnglishman.A.hermarry B.hertomarry C.herbeingmarried D.hermarrying3.Shewassadbecauseof_____anychanceleft.A.therebeingnot B.therenotbeing C.nottherebeing D.therewasnot4.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynot_____atelegram?A.trytohavesent B.tryingtosend C.totrytosend D.trysending5.Thereisnochance_____himtoday.A.inseeing B.toseeing C.ofseeing D.aboutseeing6.Iknowyoulike_____.Wouldyoulike_____withmenow?A.toswim,toswim B.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,toswim D.toswim,swimming7.Before_____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingused B.usingit C.beingusedto D.using8.Togiveup_____means_____.A.smoking,stoppingsmoking B.smoking,tostopsmokingC.tosmoke,tostoptosmoke D.tosmoke,stoppingtosmoke9.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth_____asecondtime.A.toread B.reading C.toberead D.beingread10.“Whathasmadeyousoupset?”“________mynewbike.”A.Lost B.Becauseoflosing C.SinceIlost D.Losing11.Istillremember_____toBeijingwhenIwassix.A.totakeB.takingC.havingtakingD.havingbeentaken12.Someforeignerusedto_____ontheleftintheirowncountries,butnowtheyhavegotusedto_____ontherightinourcountry.A.driving,drive B.drive,drive C.drive,driving D.driving,driving13.Heremained____there,forhegrew____inmanythingsthere.A.staying,interesting B.staying,interested C.tostay,interest D.stayed,interested14.Itisimportantforparentsandyoungpeopletolearnhowtogetthroughtoeachotheranddevelopskillinunderstandingand_____.A.beingunderstood B.tobeunderstood C.understand D.understood15._____moretreesisgoodforhealthanditisalsoimportanttostopwastefromfactories_____oursurroundings.A.Toplant,pollute B.Planting,topollute C.Plant,polluting D.Planting,polluting16.Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocall B.youcall C.yourcalling D.you’recalling17.Howaboutthetwoofus_____awalkdownthegarden?A.totake B.take C.taking D.tobetaking18.“Thelightintheofficeisstillon.”“Oh,Iforgot_____.”A.turningitoff B.turnitoff C.toturnitoff D.havingturneditoff19.“Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.”“That’sallright.”A.lettingyounotknow B.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownot D.lettingnotyouknow20.Ithappened______whenIleftthestation,soIhadtowaituntiltherainstopped.A.toberaining B.tohaverainedC.torain D.raining

21.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.Given B.Togive C.GivingD.Havinggiven22.Climbingmountainswas____,soweallfelt____.A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired23.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;following B.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following24.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand____fromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen25.MrsWhitewasgladtoseethenurse____afterhersonandherdaughterandwasalsopleasedtoseechildrenwell____careofinthenursery.A.looked;taken B.looking;takenC.looked;took D.looking;taking26.Iwasfortunatetopickupawallet____onthegroundonthewayhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolourTVset____whenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing27.____betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand____themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving28.____hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting____then.A.Holding;beingheld B.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;held D.Held;tobeheld29.____，hestillcouldnotunderstandit.A.Toldmanytimes B.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes30.Onhearingthe____news,Iwastoo____tosleep.A.exciting;excited B.excited;excitingC.exciting;exciting D.excited;excitedDon’tspeakuntil_______to.(speak)2.______moretime,wecoulddotheworkmuchbetter.(give)3._________bytheearthquake,thehousehadtoberebuilt.(destroy)Becausethehousehadbeendestroyedbytheearthquake,ithadtoberebuilt.Don’tspeakuntilyou’respokento.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddotheworkmuchbetter.spokenGivenDestroyed________________,theearthisawater--coveredglobe.(從太空望去)_________,itcanneverbeforgotten.(只要看一次)Thevisitorscamein,___________________________.(后面跟著一群年輕人)SeenfromspaceOnceseenagroupofyoungpeoplefollowedby第三節(jié)臟腑病辨證

臟腑辨證概說1、概念：即以臟腑為綱，對(duì)病癥進(jìn)行證候分類的辨證方法。也是根據(jù)藏象學(xué)說的理論對(duì)疾病進(jìn)行病理判別的方法。（二）證候舉要1．心血虛證

（心悸+一般血虛表現(xiàn)）（１）概念---即因心血虧少，心臟失養(yǎng)所致的病證。

（２）臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)驚悸，怔忡，失眠多夢(mèng)，頭暈，健忘，面色無華，唇色淡白，舌淡白，脈細(xì)無力(弱)。２．心陰虛證

⑴概念---即因心陰虧少，虛熱內(nèi)生所致的病證⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)驚悸，怔忡，失眠多夢(mèng)五心煩熱，口舌干燥，舌紅尖瘦，脈細(xì)而數(shù)(或兼午后潮熱，盜汗，兩顴潮紅)３．心氣虛證

⑴概念---即因心氣不足，鼓動(dòng)無力所致的病癥

⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)心悸，氣短，動(dòng)則益甚，精神不振，易自汗出,面色淡白，舌質(zhì)淡嫩，脈沉無力(弱)甚至間歇４．心陽(yáng)虛證

⑴概念---即由于心陽(yáng)虛衰，不能溫行氣血所致病癥

⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)心氣虛諸癥+胸悶，心痛，背畏寒，面色晄白,舌淡兼胖，苔白滑，脈微細(xì)。

10．小腸實(shí)熱證⑴概念---即心移熱于小腸所表現(xiàn)的證候⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)心煩口渴，口舌生瘡，舌尖紅，口渴便秘，苔黃，脈數(shù)小便赤澀，尿道灼痛，尿血3.肝氣郁結(jié)證

⑴概念--即肝失疏泄,氣機(jī)郁滯所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)胸腹脹滿竄痛,連及兩脅,情志抑郁,而喜嘆息或咽梗如有異物,或乳脹經(jīng)行不暢,或二便不爽，脈弦⑶病種舉例——郁證，痛證，月經(jīng)不調(diào)

4.肝火上炎證⑴概念---即由于肝經(jīng)火熱內(nèi)熾上炎所的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)眩暈耳鳴，甚則耳鳴如雷；頭目脹痛，甚則頭痛如劈；或目赤腫痛;面紅目赤，急躁易怒多伴便秘尿黃舌赤苔黃，脈弦數(shù)有力

。（二）證候舉要

1.脾胃氣虛證

⑴概念：即由于脾胃氣不足，運(yùn)化失職(無力)所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)腹脹納少,胃痛喜按，大便溏薄，肢體倦怠，或面色萎黃，肌肉消瘦，舌淡苔白，脈緩弱。3.脾不統(tǒng)血證

⑴概念---即由于脾營(yíng)氣虧虛，不能統(tǒng)攝血液所致的病證⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)在脾氣虛證的基礎(chǔ)上，兼現(xiàn)慢性出血現(xiàn)象輕者易發(fā)肌衄，鼻衄，婦女月經(jīng)過多；重者間發(fā)便血、婦女崩漏血色暗淡，血質(zhì)稀薄久病則面色萎黃或淡白無華舌淡薄，脈細(xì)弱。

⑴概念---即由于胃中火熱亢盛，消灼中焦所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)胃脘灼熱,甚者灼痛,渴喜飲冷,消谷善饑，或見口臭，或牙齦腫痛，或便結(jié)尿赤，舌紅苔黃，脈滑數(shù)。

8.胃熱證（二）證候舉要

1．肺氣虛證⑴概念---即由于肺氣衰弱，宣降無力所致的病證

。⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)咳喘無力，少氣短息，動(dòng)則益甚，咯痰清稀；多伴自汗惡風(fēng)，易于感冒，舌淡苔白，脈弱。

３．風(fēng)寒束肺證

⑴概念---即由于風(fēng)寒之邪外束肺系之表所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)咳嗽，鼻塞，痰涕清白，微惡寒，發(fā)熱，無汗多伴喉癢，或伴身痛，舌苔薄白，脈浮緊。⑶病種舉例——風(fēng)寒感冒，外感咳嗽

9.大腸濕熱證⑴概念---即由于濕熱阻滯大腸，傳導(dǎo)失職所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)腹痛泄瀉，里急后重，大便深黃、糜爛、穢臭，或夾赤白粘凍膿血，或伴灼肛，口渴，身熱，尿赤，舌紅苔黃膩，脈數(shù)而滑。⑶病種舉例——痢疾、暑瀉4.腎陽(yáng)虛證⑴概念---即由于真陽(yáng)虛衰，虛寒內(nèi)生所致的病癥⑵臨床表現(xiàn)：(主癥)腰膝酸軟,畏寒足冷,神疲