人教版英語七年級下冊語法歸納習(xí)題和答案

七年級下冊語法歸納（一）情態(tài)動詞一、Can情態(tài)動詞can有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立存在,它必須與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞can沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其具體用法如下:表示",。例如:Jimcanswim,butIcan’t.吉姆會游泳,但我不會。表示",指某種可能性。例如:HanMeican'tbeintheclassroom.韓梅不可能在教室里。Canhecomeheretoday,please?請問他今天能到這里來嗎？表示",,指許可或請求做某事。例如CanIhaveacupoftea,Youcangoout.你可以出去了？情態(tài)動詞can的基本句型肯定句型為:+can++其它。例如: Theycanplaybasketball.他們能打籃球。否定句型為:+cannot(can't/cannot)++)做……"。其中can't是cannot的縮略式,英國多寫成cannot。疑問句句型一般疑問句句特殊疑問句句型兩種類型。:Can+++某人會)……嗎？".""Yes,主語+can."作答;"No,+can't."作答。(注意:答語中作主語的人稱代詞,應(yīng)根據(jù)問句中的主語作相應(yīng)的變化。其變化規(guī)則為:第一人稱問,則第二人稱答;第二人稱問,則第一人稱答;第三人稱問,第三人稱答。)例如:①-CanyousinganEnglishsongforus?你可以為我們大家唱一首英語歌嗎？-Yes.行。(注意在Yes后面常省略Ican)②-CanIskate?我可以滑冰嗎？-Yes,youcan.可以。③-Cansheclimbhills?她能爬山嗎?-No,shecan't.不,她不能。拓展：⑵特殊疑問句句型為:Who+can++who相當(dāng)于主語。例如:-WhocansinginEnglishinyourclass?你們班上誰會用英語唱歌？-Lilycan.莉莉會。()++can+++其它。該句型中的特殊疑問詞常用many,howmuch等。例如:-Howmanyboatscanyouseeintheriver?你能看見河中有多少只船嗎？-Onlyoneboat.僅有一只。+can+主語++其它。該句型中的特殊疑問詞常用what,where,when等,一般用肯定陳述句作答。例如:-Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在圖畫中看到什么？-Icanseesomebirdsandtwobigtreesinit.我能看到一些鳥兒和兩棵大樹。（中考模擬）—Look!Someoneiscuttingatreeonthemoon.—It betrue,Granny.Mumsaysthereisnoairthere.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may D.should解析：根據(jù)thereisnoairthere判斷出月亮上根本不可能有人在砍樹，所以表示不可能。答案選A。（中考模擬boycanplay chesswell,buthecan’tplay piano.A.the;the B.the;/ C./;the D./;/后面跟表示球類（運(yùn)動）thetheC。按要求改寫句子。1.Icanrunfast.I fast.()Hecanplaybasketballwell.（一般疑問句） he basketballwell?Shecanplaytheviolin.（變成一般疑問句） she theviolin?Theycan’tsing.Theycan’tdance.合并成一)They sing dance.Shecansinganddance.)She sing dance.keys:1.cannot;2.Can;play;3.Can;play;4.can’t;or;5can’t;orkeys:1.cannot;2.Can;play;3.Can;play;4.can’t;or;5can’t;or二、wouldlike的用法wouldlike想要want,wantwould’d,成疑問句和否定句。用法：“要某樣?xùn)|西want/wouldlikesth.想要某物 I’dlikesomenoodleswant/wouldliketodosth.I’dliketoplaythepiano我想要彈鋼琴。want/wouldlikesb.todosth.想要某人做某事Iwouldlikehimtohelpme.我想要他幫助我。wouldyoulike……嗎？（委婉地詢問對方的要求時的用語）該句型常用于征求對方意見。特別注意該句型中要用some，而不用any，以表示說話人希望得到肯定回答。肯定回答：Yes,please.否定回答：No,thanks.5)Wouldyouliketodosth？你想要/愿意做某事嗎？（向?qū)Ψ接卸Y貌地提出建議或邀請）該句型中l(wèi)ike可以換成love?？隙ɑ卮穑篩es,I’dlike/loveto.是的，我愿意。否定回答：Sorry,+原因?；騃’dloveto,but……Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithus?你想要/愿意和我們一起去購物嗎？Yes,I’dlike/loveto.是的，我愿意。Sorry,Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.對不起，我有很多作業(yè)要寫。I’dloveto,butIamtoobusy.我非常愿意，但是我太忙了。練習(xí)：TimandIwillvisittheexhibition(展覽thisweekend.Wouldyouliketojoinus?Welldone. B.that’sright. C.you’rewelcome. D.I’dloveto.Wouldyoulikesomemilk?Yes,please. B.Thesametoyou. C.Helpyourself. D.Mypleasure.Wouldyoulikesomemorerice?---- Ieattoomuch.No,thanks B.Yes,thankyou C.I’dloveto D.Yes,pleaseShewouldlikehermother totheparkwithheronSunday.togo B.go C.going D.goes5 ShallwestayathomewatchingTVtonight?---No.I’dlike andseeafilm.A.togo B.go C.went D.going（二）時態(tài)集錦一、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時：表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動作。主語是第三人稱單數(shù)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)肯定句主語+s+其他主語+動詞原形+其他否定句主語+doesn't+動詞原+其他 主+don't+動詞原主語是第三人稱單數(shù)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)肯定句主語+s+其他主語+動詞原形+其他否定句主語+doesn't+動詞原+其他 主+don't+動詞原+其他一般疑問句Does+主語+動詞原形+其他Do+主語+動詞原形+其他時中）1、直接—s:look—looks read—reads play—plays stop—stops在字母s,x,ch,sh,o后—es:miss—misses fix—fixes wash—washes go—goes do--does輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變y為i，再加-es:carry–carries study–studies cry–cries特殊的 have–has練習(xí)1.(浙江)Ilikesoftandgentlemusic.It AissoundedBsoundedCsoundsDsounding2---Canyourfatherdrive?-----Yes,he toworkeverydayA.isdriving B.drove C.drives D.haswrittenJohnlikesplayingsoccerverymuchandhe aboutonehourplayingiteveryday.A.spent B.willspend C.hasspent D.SpendsAlthoughBillisn'trichenough,heoften moneytothepoor.A.willgive B.wasgiving C.gives D.GaveWeoften (play)intheplayground. you (brush)yourteetheverymorning.What (do)heusually (do)afterschool?Mikesometimes (go)totheparkwithhissister.keys:keys:5play;6.Dobrush;7.does;do;8.goes二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時說話時正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動作Pleasedon’tmakesomuchnoise,I’mstudying.Let’sgetout.Itisn’traininganymore.相對較長一段時間但是說話一刻不一定在做的動作HaveyouheardaboutTom?Heisbuildinghisownhouse.DavidisteachingEnglishandlearningChineseinBeijing.這些動作,在說話時并不一定在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行,而是在包括說話的一剎那在內(nèi)的一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語主要有：now，thesedays（目前），thisweek，atthemoment(此刻)等，有時句首有“Look！”、“Listen！”或“It’s+時刻”等詞、句存在。肯定句:be+現(xiàn)在分詞（be在后，現(xiàn)在分詞跟著走。否定句benot+現(xiàn)在分詞詞尾情況變化方式例詞一般情況加—ingplay詞尾情況變化方式例詞一般情況加—ingplay玩—playingseesing唱—singingdo做—doinggo去—goingjump跳—jumpingski滑雪—skiinge結(jié)尾去e—ing make做—making take拿到—takingdance跳舞—dancing like喜—liking come來—comingwrite寫—writing have有—having close—closing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動 雙寫最后一 swim游泳—swimming sit坐—sitting詞，中間只有一個元音 個輔音字母 begin開始—beginning run—running字母，詞尾只有一個輔 再加—ingget得到—getting put—putting音字母jog—jogging特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化見下表：練習(xí)：Listen!They inthenextroom.sing B.issinging C.aresinging D.weresingingIt’seighto’clock.Thestudents anEnglishclass.have B.having C.ishaving D.arehaving---Mary,couldyouhelpme?---Waitamoment.I .readabook B.didmyhomeworkC.waswatchingTV D.amcookingdinner.Lookatthe !It's heavilyA．rain；rain B．raining；rainingC．rain；raining D．raining；rainyWe aChineseclasstoday.They anEnglishclassnow.A.aren'thaving;arehaving B.don'thave;haveC.aren'thaving;have D.don'thave;arehaving三、一般過去時一般過去時表示過去表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)：Heboughtthecomputerfiveyearsago.這電腦是他五年前買的。Itwasthenasmallfishingvillage．那時它只是一個小漁村。表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作：Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren．我們小時候常在一起玩。注：表過去習(xí)慣性的動詞，也可用usedto或would：Heusedtogotoworkbybus.他過去常乘公共汽車去上班。時間狀語昨天）lastnight（昨晚lastweek（上個星期,fourdaysao四天前,in202在2002年,justno（剛才,thedaybeforeyesterday（前天）等。Hewenttotheparkyesterday.Iwastenyearsoldin2001.200110歲。一般過去時態(tài)的形式Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：⑴am和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（wasnot=wasn't）⑵are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（werenot=weren't）waswereis,am,arewaswerenotwaswere調(diào)到句首。be否定句：didn't動詞原形，如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問句did如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句？如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday?WhatdidJimdoyesterday?動詞的過去式一般過去時的謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式兩種形式，不規(guī)則變化通常需要逐個記憶，規(guī)則變化則遵循以下原則：-ed。如：play—played,offer—offered,weigh—weighed,destroy—destroyed,sign—signed.e-dprovide—provided,hatehated,date—dated。在以yi，再加—ed。如：supply—supplied,fly—flied,studystudied.()再加-ed。如：plan—planned,refer—referred,regret—regretted,ban—banned.我們還學(xué)過許多不規(guī)則動詞的過去式形式。如：amwas,arewere,putput,seesaw,eatate等練習(xí)：1.請寫出下列動詞的過去式。want arrive enjoy shopis _ see _ are_ 2.單項(xiàng)選擇?！狽ancyisnotcomingtonight.—Butshe !A.promises B.promised C.willpromise D.hadpromised2）Timalways apictureathome.He acarnow.A.draws;isdrawing B.draw;drawC.draws;draw D.draw;isdrawingIthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe it.A.doesn’tmention B.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmention D.hasn’tmentioned4）I younottomovemydictionary—-nowIcan’tfindit.A.asked B.ask C.wasasking D.hadaskedAkid breakfasteverymorning,becauseit’sgoodforhishealth.haveto B.hasto C.hastohave D.hastohas——Where’sthecakeImadethismorning?——We it,mum.Canyoumakeanotheroneforus?ate B.eat C.willit D.wereeatingLook!Twocats acrossthewall.run B.runs C.arerunning D.ranJenny inanoffice.Herparents inahospitalA.work;works B.works;workC.work;areworking D.isworking;workUncleWangknows awashingmachine.howtomake B.tomakeC.howmaking D.whattomakeIwant homeworknow.doing B.todo C.todomy D.domy3.改寫句子。Lucydidherhomeworkat改否定句）Lucy herhomeworkathome.Shefoundsomemeatinthe) she meatinthefridge?LiMingisatschoolnow.（用yesterday改寫句子LiMing atschoolyesterday.keys:didn’tdo;2Did;find;any3;was(三)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句一、how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句1、how用于詢問交通方式，譯為“怎樣”。其答語分三種情況：takea/an/the+交通工具（單數(shù)）by+交通工具（單數(shù)）on/in+限定詞+交通工具2、how用于詢問動作的執(zhí)行程度，譯為“怎樣”。如：—HowdoyoulikeChina？你覺得中國怎么樣？—Ilikeitverymuch.非常喜歡。3、how用于詢問身體健康狀況，譯為“怎么樣”。如：4、how用在第一次見面的問候語中。如：Howdoyoudo？你好！5howabout=whatabout-ing“……”、好不好”。6、howmany用于詢問人或物品的數(shù)量，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，譯為“多少”。7、howmuch“”物品價格為“。8、howold詢問年齡，譯為“多大”。9、howfar用于詢問距離，譯為“多遠(yuǎn)”。如：—Howfarisitfromheretothestation？從這里到車站有多遠(yuǎn)？—Aboutthreehundredmetres.大約三百米。10、howlong既可詢問時間，譯為“多久”，又可詢問物品的長度，譯為“多長”。如：Howlongistheriver？這條河有多長？Howlongdoesitlastwhywhy引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，意為“為什么……？”，用來詢問某事的原因?？键c(diǎn)一：一般用法：常用于詢問原因?；卮饡r常用because。eg：---Whydoeshelookworried?他為什么看起來著急？---Becausehelosthiskey.因?yàn)樗谚€匙丟了?？键c(diǎn)二：特殊用法：Whydon’tyou+動詞原形+其他？常用來提出建議或勸告，表示“為什么不……？”相當(dāng)于“Whynot+動詞原形+其他？”eg：---Whydon’tyouplaybasketball?=Whynotplaybasketball?為什么不打籃球呢？---Thatsoundsgood.那聽起來不錯。練習(xí)：--- willtherainyseason---Aboutamonth.Howlong B．HowoftenC．Howsoon D．How---Whynot computergames?---Goodidea.playing B.toplay C.play D.Played---Whydon’tyouliketigers?--- they’rereallyscary.Because B.So C.But D.4. -----Bybus.Whydoeshegotowork?Howdoeshegotowork?Whendoesshegotowork?Iusuallygotoschool bike,butsometimesIgotoschool foot.A.with,on B.on,by C.by,on三、whattime/when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句及時刻表達(dá)whattime翻譯為“幾點(diǎn)如：Whattimedoyougotoschool?/幾點(diǎn)上學(xué)？Igotoschoolathalfpastseveno’clock.我七點(diǎn)半去上學(xué)。回答具體到點(diǎn)鐘，且注意在幾點(diǎn)前邊的介詞用at。whenwhattimewhenthemorning，lastyear，in1998等范圍大的時間例如：Whendoeshetakeashower？他什么時候洗澡？Hetakesashowerinthemorning.也可用具體時間：如：Itakeashowerat6o’clockinthemorning.我早上六點(diǎn)洗澡。時刻的表達(dá)：表示幾點(diǎn)鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的o’clock 5:00讀作fiveo’clock表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分，在分鐘后加pastfivepastseven七點(diǎn)過五分halfpastsix六點(diǎn)半aquarterpasteight八點(diǎn)過一刻sevenpasteight八點(diǎn)過七分totentoeight差十分八點(diǎn)（七點(diǎn)五十分）aquartertotwelve差一刻十二點(diǎn)（十一點(diǎn)四十五分）twentytosix差二十分六點(diǎn)（五點(diǎn)四十分）在日常生活中，常用下列簡單方法表示時間。 以小時、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作sixthirty-one 10:26讀作tentwenty-six14:03讀作fourteenothree 16:15讀作sixteen18:30讀作eighteenthirty 23:55讀作twenty-threefifty-five注：如果用12小時表示法，這樣就需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。練習(xí)：對下列劃線部分提問，將句子變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧?。It’sseveno’clock. isit?Hewasbornin1992. was born?（3）(單選)--- doyougotoschool?---At7:00inthemorning.A.What B.How C.Whattime D.Howold（4）英譯漢1.tenpastone 2.twenty-fivepasteight3.aquarterpastnine 4.halfpasttwo5.twentytotwo 6.aquartertosix7.fivetothree 8.twenty-fivetofourkeys:1.Whatkeys:1.Whattime;2.When;he;3.C.4.十點(diǎn)十分；八點(diǎn)二十五；九點(diǎn)十五；兩點(diǎn)半；(四)祈使句通常用來表示命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告等語氣。它的主語you(聽話人其構(gòu)成通常有以下幾種形式。Be型（be+表語＋其他）Don’tbe++其他。Do型（即系動詞原形＋賓語＋其他）。否定句Don’t+賓語+其他。Let型（即Let+賓語+動詞原+其他） 否定句一般在賓語后加not。No+V-ing型（練習(xí):Mymothersaidtome,“Tom, inbed.”notread B.doesn’tread C.don’tread D.didn’tread yourhomeworkheretomorrow,Lucy.Bring B.Brings C.Tobring D.Bringing himthesecret,willyou?Don’ttell BNottotell CNottelling DNotelling完成句子。 agoodchild!（Be） 禁止吸煙禁止垂釣 (五)形容詞的用法

(Nosmoking!)(Nofishing!)中作定語、表語等?？键c(diǎn)一：形容詞作定語，用于修飾名詞例：Marthaisa girl.Shealwayssmilesandsayshellotoothers.shy B.friendly C.crazy D.healthy考點(diǎn)二、形容詞作表語，放在連系動詞（be/look/feel/sound等）后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即“連系動詞+表語”，說明主語怎么樣。例：Theflowerssmells andIlikeitverymuch.A.well B.good C.bad D.badly考點(diǎn)三：[易錯點(diǎn)]：一些形容詞和定冠詞the連用，表示一類人或事物，相當(dāng)于一個名詞；另外，形容詞前可用very，too，alittle等表示程度的詞修飾。eg:Heoftenhelpstheold.他經(jīng)常幫助老人。Youaretoolazy.你太懶了。練習(xí):Ilikepandas.Theyare .ugly B.boring C.unfriendly D.cuteYourbrotherisa boy.Heneverhelpsyourmotherwiththe).good B.shy C.cute D.lazyIsthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooks inthepinkdress!lovely B.quietly C.politely D.happily---Jackisa(an) youngman.---That’strue.Healwaysfeelsnervous(緊張的)whenhespeaksbeforepeople.friendly B.shy C.honest D.lively---Ifeelreallytired.--- .Luckyyou! B.You’dbetterworkharder.C.Congratulations! D.Whynotgoandhavearest?（六）如何問路：向別人問路可用一般疑問句或特殊疑問句兩種句型：一般疑問句：①Isthereapostofficenearhere?這附近有郵局嗎？②Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?你能告訴我去郵局的路嗎？③Doyouknowthewaytothepostoffice?你知道去旅館的路嗎？方位與路線。特殊疑問句：①Whereisthepostoffice?郵局在哪兒？②HowcanIgettothepostoffice?我怎樣到醫(yī)院？③Whichisthewaytothepostoffice?去郵局的路是那一條？【注意】：回答上述句子時，均需對方對所在方位或所走路線直接給出明確的指示。It’snextto… ……It’sbetween…and… …………之間It’sacrossfrom… 它在……的對面--- canIgettothepostoffice?---Godownthisstreetandturnleft.A.How B.What C.Where D.2.---Whereisthehospital?---It’s thepolicestation.A.between B.across C.next D.behind---Excuseme, ?---Yes,thereis.It’sontheCenterStress.A.whereisthebank? B.canyoutellmethewaytothebank?C.whereisthewaytothebank? D.Isthereisabanknear4.---Excuseme, canIgettothenearestpostoffice?---Goalongthisstreet.A.how B.what C.where D.how5.翻譯句子： 你能告訴我去夏日賓館的路嗎？（（CanyoutellmethewaytotheSummerHotel?）(七)Therebe句型：Thereisazooinmyneighborhood.therebe句型的肯定句。表示某地或某時有某物或某人。結(jié)構(gòu)be+sb/sth地點(diǎn) 在某地有某人或某（there是引導(dǎo)詞沒有詞義謂語動詞；某物是主語，地點(diǎn)作狀語，多為介詞短語）Thereisabankintheneighborhood.Therebebe可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞is.Thereissomesaladonthetable.Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.Therebe第一個名詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。Thereisaboyandtwogirlsintheroom.Therebebe肯定回答：Yes，thereis/are否定回答：No，thereisn’t/aren’t--Isthereabanknearhere?--Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.TherebebeThereisapostofficenearhear.Thereisn’tapostofficenearhear.(5)Therebehave/has的區(qū)別：*Therebe句型表示客觀存在;have/has表示主觀擁有*Therebehave/has練習(xí)：be動詞填空：There apostofficenearThere somewaterintheglass.There apenandthreepencilsinthepencilThere somebooksandadictionaryonthedesk.:Thereisalibraryacrossfromtheschool(改為否定句)x alibraryacrossfromtheschool.Therearesomebirdsinthe birdsinthetree?Isthereabaseballunderthe作肯定回Yes, .keys:Is；is；is；areArethereanytreesaroundkeys:Is；is；is；areIsthere;Arethereany;thereis;therearen’tIsthere;Arethereany;thereis;therearen’t（八）詢問及描述長相及描述性形容詞詢問及描述長相詢問長相：Whatdo/does+主語+looklike? “……看上去什么樣“……長什么樣描述長相：主語+be+描述人物外貌特征的形容詞。主語+have/has+名詞（名詞前可有多個形容詞修飾）。Whatdoesyourfriendlooklike?你朋友長什么樣？Heisshortandthin.Hehasshort,blackhair.他又矮又瘦，留著短直發(fā)。描述頭發(fā)的時候，先說長短，再說曲直，最后說顏色。Whatdotheylooklike?他們長什么樣？They’reofmediumheight.他們中等身高。Whatdoeshelooklike?他長什么樣？Heisofmediumbuild,andhehasabignose.他中等身材，大鼻子。描述性形容詞1）形容詞的定義：用來說明、修飾名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)。2）形容詞的用法：通常在句中作定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語等。Sheisabeautifulgirl.她是一個漂亮的姑娘。（定語)Thegameisquiteinteresting.這個游戲相當(dāng)有趣。（表語）Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.我們必須保持教室清潔。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）3）兩個或兩個以上形容詞同時作定語的排列順序：限定詞（冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞等+++++被修飾名詞asmalloldyellowwoodentable一張黃色的舊木頭小桌子anexpensivenewJapanesesportscar一輛昂貴的新型的日本跑車記憶小口訣：分別對應(yīng)美（美丑）小（大小長短）圓（形狀）舊（新舊）黃（顏色法國（國籍）木（料）書房（最后被修飾的名詞）beautiful（美）long（長短）curly（形狀）blonde（顏色）中考練習(xí)一、選擇題Whatdoesyoursister ?----Sheistallandhasshortblackhair.A.lookat B.lookfor C.like D.looklikeWhatdoeshelooklike?---- .A.He’sastudent B.Helikesapples C.Heisfine D.HeistallandthinSheisgood-lookingandhas hair.A.longbrownbea