學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義

議論文學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證法高一七班間紅霞議論文1何為對(duì)比論證概念:用相反或相對(duì)的兩方面事實(shí)或道理來(lái)論證論點(diǎn)的論證方法。對(duì)比可以是兩個(gè)不同的事物,也可以是同一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)不同方面。作用:“有比較才有鑒別”,兩種事物一經(jīng)對(duì)比,就可以分辨出彼此間的差異。因此,議論文中常常運(yùn)用對(duì)比論證的方法,把兩種矛盾或?qū)α⒌氖挛锛右詫?duì)照比較,從正反兩方面進(jìn)行說(shuō)理,從而揭示事物的本質(zhì),使所闡述的事理更加深刻,更有說(shuō)服力。真與假的對(duì)比,可以去偽存真;善與惡的對(duì)比,可以抑惡揚(yáng)善;是與非的對(duì)比,可以撥亂反正。因此,運(yùn)用正反對(duì)比論證比單從正面說(shuō)理論證更有力,觀點(diǎn)更鮮明。何為對(duì)比論證2形式上的對(duì)比:一正一反、一實(shí)一虛內(nèi)容上的對(duì)比:是與非、真與假、好與壞、美與丑、善與惡形式上的對(duì)比:一正一反、一實(shí)一虛3突破點(diǎn)對(duì)比論證用例有何特點(diǎn)?古之圣人,其出人也遠(yuǎn)矣,猶且從師而問(wèn)焉;今之眾人其下圣人也亦遠(yuǎn)矣,而恥學(xué)于師。是故圣益圣,愚益愚圣人之所以為圣,愚人之所以為愚,其皆出于此乎?愛(ài)其子,擇師而教之;于其身也,則恥師焉,惑矣。彼童子之師,授之書而習(xí)其句讀者,非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也。句讀之不知,惑之不解,或師焉,或不焉,小學(xué)而大遺,吾未見其明也。巫醫(yī)樂(lè)師百工之人,不恥相師。士大夫之族,曰師曰弟子云者,則群聚而笑之。問(wèn)之則曰:“彼與彼年相若也,道相似也。位卑則足羞,官盛則近諛?！眴韬?師道之不復(fù)可知矣。巫醫(yī)樂(lè)師百工之人,君子不齒,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也歟!突破點(diǎn)4作者似哪三方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比論證?1、縱比古之量人,似師而同今之眾人,恥學(xué)于師。2、自比,「對(duì)其子,并師而散;于其身,恥學(xué)于師。百二之人,不恥相師;5、橫比士大夫:瓣聚而笑之。作者似哪三方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比論證?5學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義6學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義7學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義8學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義9學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義10學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義11學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義12學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義13學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義14學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義15學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義16學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義17學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義18學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義19學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義20學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義21學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義22學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義23學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義24學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義25學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義26學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義27學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義28學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義29學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義30學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義31議論文學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證法高一七班間紅霞議論文32何為對(duì)比論證概念:用相反或相對(duì)的兩方面事實(shí)或道理來(lái)論證論點(diǎn)的論證方法。對(duì)比可以是兩個(gè)不同的事物,也可以是同一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)不同方面。作用:“有比較才有鑒別”,兩種事物一經(jīng)對(duì)比,就可以分辨出彼此間的差異。因此,議論文中常常運(yùn)用對(duì)比論證的方法,把兩種矛盾或?qū)α⒌氖挛锛右詫?duì)照比較,從正反兩方面進(jìn)行說(shuō)理,從而揭示事物的本質(zhì),使所闡述的事理更加深刻,更有說(shuō)服力。真與假的對(duì)比,可以去偽存真;善與惡的對(duì)比,可以抑惡揚(yáng)善;是與非的對(duì)比,可以撥亂反正。因此,運(yùn)用正反對(duì)比論證比單從正面說(shuō)理論證更有力,觀點(diǎn)更鮮明。何為對(duì)比論證33形式上的對(duì)比:一正一反、一實(shí)一虛內(nèi)容上的對(duì)比:是與非、真與假、好與壞、美與丑、善與惡形式上的對(duì)比:一正一反、一實(shí)一虛34突破點(diǎn)對(duì)比論證用例有何特點(diǎn)?古之圣人,其出人也遠(yuǎn)矣,猶且從師而問(wèn)焉;今之眾人其下圣人也亦遠(yuǎn)矣,而恥學(xué)于師。是故圣益圣,愚益愚圣人之所以為圣,愚人之所以為愚,其皆出于此乎?愛(ài)其子,擇師而教之;于其身也,則恥師焉,惑矣。彼童子之師,授之書而習(xí)其句讀者,非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也。句讀之不知,惑之不解,或師焉,或不焉,小學(xué)而大遺,吾未見其明也。巫醫(yī)樂(lè)師百工之人,不恥相師。士大夫之族,曰師曰弟子云者,則群聚而笑之。問(wèn)之則曰:“彼與彼年相若也,道相似也。位卑則足羞,官盛則近諛?！眴韬?師道之不復(fù)可知矣。巫醫(yī)樂(lè)師百工之人,君子不齒,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也歟!突破點(diǎn)35作者似哪三方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比論證?1、縱比古之量人,似師而同今之眾人,恥學(xué)于師。2、自比,「對(duì)其子,并師而散;于其身,恥學(xué)于師。百二之人,不恥相師;5、橫比士大夫:瓣聚而笑之。作者似哪三方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比論證?36學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義37學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義38學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義39學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義40學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義41學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義42學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義43學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義44學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義45學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義46學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義47學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義48學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義49學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義50學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義51學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義52學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義53學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義54學(xué)習(xí)論證之對(duì)比論證課件講義5