2021-2022學(xué)年新高一入學(xué)摸底考試英語試卷(新高考)(山東版)

秘密★啟用前2021—2022學(xué)年新高一入學(xué)摸底考試英語試卷（新高

考）（山東版）英語試題筆試注意事項(xiàng)：答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡上?；卮疬x擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AStuckathome?Thesefamousmuseumsoffervirtualtoursyoucantakeonyoursofa.AccordingtoFastCompany,GoogleArts&Cultureteamedupwithover2,500museumsandgalleriesaroundtheworldtobringyouvirtualtoursandonlineexhibits.GuggenheimMuseum,NewYorkGoogle'sStreetViewletsvisitorstourtheGuggenheim'sfamousspiral（螺旋式）staircasewithouteverleavinghome.Fromthere,youcandiscoverincredibleworksofartfromtheImpressionist,Post-Impressionist,ModernandContemporarytimes.PergamonMuseum,BerlinAsoneofGermany'slargestmuseums,Pergamonhasalottooffer—evenifyoucan'tphysicallybethere.ThishistoricalmuseumishometoplentyofancientworksincludingtheIshtarGateofBabylonand,ofcourse,thePergamonAltar.VanGoghMuseum,AmsterdamAnyonewhoisafanofthistragic,giftedpaintercanseehisworksupclose（or,almostupclose)byvirtuallyvisitingthismuseum—thelargestcollectionofartworksbyVincentVanGogh,includingover200paintings,500drawings,andover750personalletters.TheJ.PaulGettyMuseum,LosAngelesEuropeanartworksfromasfarbackasthe8thcenturycanbefoundinthisCaliforniaartmuseum.TakeaStreetViewtourtodiscoverahugecollectionofpaintings,drawings,sculptures,manuscripts,andphotographs.ToseemoreofGoogleArts&Culture'scollectionofmuseums,visitthecollection'swebsite.Whichonewillyouvisitifyoulikemodernart?PergamonMuseum.B.GuggenheimMuseum.C.TheJ.PaulGettyMuseum.D.VanGoghMuseum.WhowillbeinterestedinPergamonMuseum?Onewhoisfondoftragicfilms.B.OnewhoenjoysEuropeanartworks.OnewholikespaintingsofVanGogh.D.Onewhoisinterestedinancientartworks.WhatisspecialabouttheJ.PaulGettyMuseum?ItisoneofthelargestmuseumsintheUSA.ItistheonlyhometoartworksinCalifornia.Itincludesallformsofartworksintheworld.ItexhibitsEuropeanartworksfromthe8thcentury.BSharkattacksinthescreenareamazing.That'sbecauseyouractualchancesofeverbeingattackedbyasharkaremereonein11.5million.That'sroughlythesameasyourchancesofwinninganOscar,whichmakessharkattacksurvivor,MikeCootsbothincrediblyunluckyandlucky:WhenMikewas18,helosthislegtoasharkbite.“IwasattackedbyatigersharkinlateOctober1997.ItwasnearmyhomeontheislandofKauai—atypicalfallmorningwithfriends.Thewaveswerereallygood,sonothingwasstoppingus.”ThatisuntilalargesharkcamerightupunderMikeandsankhisteethintoMike'slowerleg.Ashetriedtofreehimself,thesharkbitdownharder,shakingitsheadbackandforthandtossingMikearoundlikearagdoll.Mikefollowedhisinstinct:Hestruckthesharkintheface,againandagainuntilthesharkreleasedhim.AsMikeswambackintoshore,herealizedhislowerrightlegwasgone.Mike'sfriendsrushedtohisaid,andsenthimtothehospital.AssoonasMikewaswell,hedidwhatmanyofusmightconsiderunthinkable:hestartedridingthewavesagain.Infact,hisfirsttimebackwasnearthesiteofhisattack.ButMikewasunshaken.Instead,hewascurious—whywasheattacked?Hiscuriosityledhimtoresearchsharks,andMikedidlearnsomethingthatwouldchangehislife:Humansarefarmoredangeroustosharksthantheotherwayaround.Hissituationasasharksurvivorempoweredhimtogivesharksavoice,Mikesays.HebeganworkingwiththeHawaiistateauthoritiestohelppassaban（禁令）onshark-derivedproducts.“Ipartneredwithotherlike-mindedsharkattacksurvivorsandmarinebiologists,andweheadedtoWashingtontourge（極力主張）senatorstocreateanationwidebillprotectingsharks.”Whydoestheauthorshowthechancesofbeingattackedbysharks?Toinformreadersofsomerelevantknowledge.ToshoweveryonehasthechanceofwinninganOscar.Toattractpeopletowatchsharkattacksinthescreen.D.TohighlightMike'sunusualexperienceofthesharkattack.HowdidMikesurvivethesharkattack?Byhittingthesharkhardcontinually.Byswimmingdesperatelytotheshore.Byscreamingloudlyforhisfriends'help.Byshakingitsheadupanddowntogetaway.WhatcametomindwhenMikerodethewavesagain?Toovercomehisfearofsharks.Tofindoutthereasonforhisbeingattacked.Toprovehumansaremoredangerousthansharks.Toresearchonhowsharksattackhumans.WhatdidMikedotoprotectsharks?Hepassedabanonshark-derivedproducts.Heurgedsharkattacksurvivorstoprotectsharks.Hetriedtohelptheauthoritiestoprotectsharks.HesignedanationwidebillinWashington.CToomuchscreentimeforkidscanleadtopoorhealth,theAmericanHeartAssociation（AHA）says.AscientificstatementpublishedbytheAHAinthemedicaljournalCirculatiosnaidscreentimefromsmartphones,tabletcomputersandotherdevicescanleadkidstoasedentary（慣于久坐不動(dòng)的）lifestyle,increasingthepossibilitythattheygrowupasoverweightorobese（肥胖的）.TheAHAisthelatestorganizationurgingparentstolimithowmuchtimetheirkidsspendinfrontofscreens.Itrecommendschildrengetonetotwohoursofscreentimeeachday.Althoughtelevisionviewingamongchildrenandteenshasdropped,theuseofsmartphonesandtabletcomputershassurged.“Althoughthemechanisms（機(jī)制）linkingscreentimetoobesityarenotentirelyclear,therearerealconcernsthatscreensinfluenceeatingbehaviors,mainlybecausechildrendon'tnoticewhentheyarefullwheneatinginfrontofascreen,”saidTracieBarnett,aresearcherattheINRS-InstitutArmand-FrappierResearchCentre,inastatement.Barnett,oneoftheauthorsofthestatement,alsourgesparentstokeepscreensoutofkids'bedrooms,raisingthefearthattoomuchscreentimecanaffectsleep.Manystudieshavewarnedaboutthepotential（潛在的）negativeeffectsoftoomuchscreentime.Lastyear,astudyfromresearchersatSanDiegoStateUniversity（SDSU）foundnearlyhalfofteenswhospentfiveormorehoursinfrontofscreenseverydayexperiencedlongperiodsofhopelessnessorsadness.Apple,whomakestheiOSmobileplatform,planstointroducenewtoolstodevicestohelpuserscutbackonscreentime.AsforiOS12,iPhoneswillincludeascreentimefeaturewhereuserscancontrolandreviewhowtheyspendtimeontheirmobiledevices.AnothercompanythatmakestheAndroidplatformwillintroduce“digitalwell-being”toolssuchasscreentimelimitsanda“winddown”optiontoencourageuserstoputdowntheirphonesbeforebed.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“surged”inparagraph2?Increasedsuddenly.B.Decreasedslowly.C.Stayedthesame.D.Lostthebalance.Howdoscreensinfluencechildren'seatingbehavior?Bychangingthetimetheyeat.Bychangingtheirtasteforfood.Byinfluencinghowfasttheyeat.Byinfluencingtheirfeelingoffullness.WhateffectdidtoomuchscreentimehaveinSDSU'sstudy?Itaffectedchildren'ssleep.B.Itledtochildren'sobesity.C.Itresultedindietproblems.D.Itnegativelyinfluencedmoods.WhatwillAppledotodealwiththescreentimeproblem?A.Reduceitsproducts'batterylife.B.Provideascreentimefeature.C.Introduce“digitalwell-being”tools.D.Adda“winddown”optiontoitsproducts.DLasVegascityinNevadaisbuiltinadesert.Thecitymaybeknowntotheoutsideworldforitspartying.Butofficialshavefoundthatthereare21squarekilometersofuselessgrass.Thegrassisneverlaidon,playedonorevensteppedon.Thegrassisonlytheretolooknice.Now,thecityisaskingtheNevadastatelegislature（立法機(jī)構(gòu)）tobanuselessgrass.ItistryingtobecomethefirstplaceinAmericatobanthatkindofgrassoftenseenbetweenstreets,inhousingdevelopmentsandinofficeparks.Itisestimatedthatuselessgrassmakesup40%ofallthegrassinLasVegasanditneedsalotofwatertosurvive.Grassneedsfourtimesmorewaterthandryclimateplantslikecactus.Bytearingoutthegrass,thecitycouldreduceyearlywaterusageby15%.In2003,theSouthernNevadaWaterAuthoritybanneddevelopersfromplantinggrassinfrontofnewhomes.Italsoofferedhomeowners$30foreachsquaremeterofgrasstheytearout.Butfewerpeoplearenowusingtheprogram.WaterusagehasincreasedinsouthernNevadaby9%since2019.Andlastyear,LasVegassetarecordof240dayswithoutmajorrainfall.TheColoradoRiverprovidesmuchofNevada'sdrinkingwater.Therivercouldlosemorewaterasclimatechangeaffectsit.Waterofficialsinotherdrycitiessaidwaterusageneedstobereduced.ButtheyfearthereactiontoreformsliketheonesinLasVegasiftheircommunitiesdonotacceptthem.CynthiaCampbellisthewaterresourcesadviserforthecityofPhoenixinArizona.“Theremightcomeapointwhencityrestrictionsgettoosevere（苛刻的）forsomeresidents（居民）.They'llsaythatisthepointofnoreturnforthem,”Campbellsaid.“Forsomepeople,it'sapool.Forsomepeople,it'sgrass.”WhydoesLasVegascitytrytobanuselessgrass?A.Toprotectthelocalpeople.B.Tobeautifythecity.C.Toreducewaterusage.D.Toreducewaste.WhatprogramwascarriedoutinLasVegasin2003?A.Allowingplantinggrassbeforenewhouses.Encouragingtheresidentstotearoutgrass.Praisingthosewhosignedontheprogram.Awardingthosewhoreducedwaterusage.WhatisimpliedinCampbell'swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Manyresidentswon'tfollowtheban.Reactiontothereformwillvarypersonally.Othermeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectwetter.Waterofficialsshouldtakemanyfactorsintoaccount.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LasVegasPlanstoBanUselessGrassAMethodIsAdoptedtoSaveLasVegasChoicesbetweenBeautyandPracticeGrassIsImportantbutUselessinLasVegas第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenitcomestohavingfuninthesun,it'seasytolosetrackoftime.Ifyou'renotcareful,thiscanbequitedangerous.16Butitcaneasilybeprevented一allyouneedisalittlesunscreen.17Peoplehavebeenusingchemicalpastestoprotectthemselvesfromthesunforcenturies.ButthefirstmodernsunscreensoldonthemarketwasofferedbyFrenchcompany:L'orealin1935.Severalothercompanieswerequicktoreleasetheirownsunscreens.Perhapsthebiggestadvancementintheworldofsunscreencameinthe1970s,whenscientistsstartedlookingatthesunprotectionfactor,orSPF.18Theadvantagesofusingsunscreenareobvious.Itlimitsthepainfuleffectsofsunburn.19Millionsofpeoplehavediedfromskincancercausedbyultravioletrays（紫外線）.Remembertoapplysunscreen30minutesbeforegoingoutside.Unfortunately,therearemanymistakenideasaboutsunscreen.20Somealsothinkyouonlyneedtoputitononceforawholeday'sprotectionorthatyoudon'tneeditoncloudydays.Noneofthesethingsaretrue.Expertssayyoushouldapplysunscreeneverytwohourswhenoutside一inthedaytime,nomatterhowdarkyourskinisorwhattheweatherislike.Anditcanevensaveyourlife.Sunscreenisnotexactlyarecentinvention.Choosingasunscreenisn'tassimpleasitusedtobe.Indirectsunlight,sunburncanoccurinlessthan15minutes.Thisratingisanumberthatshowshoweffectiveasunscreenis.It'sbelievedthatyoudon'tneedmuchsunscreenifyouhavedarkskin.Somethinkagoodmethodistocoverasmuchaspossiblewithprotectiveclothing.第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Duringbreakfastthismorning,Iwatchedmyson,Jake,dragthekitchenchairtothecounter（廚房案臺(tái)）.“Neverdragthechairagain,Jake!”Ishouted.He'sbeendoingthisona（n）21basisforoverayear.Eachtimeweseeithappen,mywifeandI_22thesameway一shoutingathimtostop.Buteachtimewefeel23thatheisnotlearningthislesson.AsIreflectonthisfrequently-occurringscene,I24thatI'vebeenlookingatthissituationinthewrongway.HedragsthechairbecausethechargerfortheiPadisonthe25.HewantstositthereandplaywhilethePadisbeing26.Mygoalistopreventthefloorfrombeingdamaged27hisgoalistoplaythere.Weactuallybecomea（n）28toeachother,gettingineachother'sway29evenknowingit.Forme,thedeeperinsightcomesfromrecognizingjusthowquicklyand30IkeepusingmypoweroverhimtogetwhatIwantatthe31ofwhathewants.Ijustify（使正當(dāng)有理）thisbehaviorbyremindingmyselfthatIamtheadultandIamteachingmyson32andkeepinghiminline.InsteadifItookafewminutesto_33_whathewanted,Icouldhavemadeachangethat34eachofustoachieveourgoals.Whynot35thechargertothelivingroomnexttooursofa?

21.A.singleB.randomC.voluntaryD.regular22.A.voteB.teachC.respondD.function23.A.cautiousB.disappointedC.nervousD.frightened24.A.expectB.imagineC.realizeD.predict25.A.sofaB.counterC.floorD.chair26.A.chargedB.restartedC.occupiedD.programmed27.A.sinceB.untilC.unlessD.while28.A.strangerB.barrierC.relativeD.attraction29.A.withoutB.againstC.byD.for30.A.sincerelyB.secretlyC.repeatedlyD.universally31.A.costB.requestC.bottomD.mercy32.A.consequencesB.resistanceC.strategiesD.rules33.A.writedownB.thinkaboutC.searchforD.putaway34.A.allowedB.expectedC.toldD.motivated35.A.dragB.liftC.throwD.move第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SuzhouisaculturalandhistoricalcityinChina'sJiangsuProvince.Itiscelebratedallovertheworldforitsclassicalgardens36havebeenaddedtothelistofWorldHeritageSites.Theywerefirstlaidoutasfarbackasthe6thcenturyBCand37(reach)theirtopduringtheperiodfromthe16thcenturytothe18thcentury.Recordsshowthattherewereover200gardensduringtheirgoldenage.Thegardensshowtheimportanceofnatural38(beautiful)inChineseculture.Today,dozensofclassicalgardensarestill39goodcondition,includingtheHumbleAdministrator'sGarden,which40(have)anareaofsome52,000squaremeters.NoothergardensofSuzhouare41(large)thanit.Itwasoriginallythedwelling(住宅)ofLuGuimeng,apoetoftheTangDynasty.42(consider)as“themotherofallgardensunderthesun”，thegarden43(divide)intotheeastern,central,westernandresidentialparts.ThegardensofSuzhouare44(extreme)elegan漂亮雅致的)andafeastforthesenses,usedasbothtouristattractions45residentihouses.Theyalsoaddahumantouchtothenaturaldelight樂趣）ofthegardensthemselves.第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）假如你是李華，你的美國朋友Peter想選修中文作為外語，為此寫信征求你的意見。請(qǐng)按以下要求給Peter寫一封回信。鼓勵(lì)他選修中文；中文的魅力（兩點(diǎn)）；學(xué)好中文的意義（兩點(diǎn)）。詞數(shù)80左右；可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Finally,thebellrang.“Don'tforgettopracticeyourclasspresentationathome!”MissBellacriedaseveryonestartedtalkingandpackingtheirschoolbags.Jessyfeltsick.Shehatedhavingtoreadaloudinclass.Shewassureeveryonegotreallyboredlisteningtoher.