2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)期中試卷(新高考)(山東版)

絕^密^啟用^前2021—2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)期中試卷（新高考）（山東版）筆試部分注意事項(xiàng)：答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡上?；卮疬x擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMostFamousPaintingsintheWorldAmongthemillionsofpaintingsthatarecreatedandshowningalleriesandmuseumsallaroundtheworld,averysmallnumberofthemgobeyondtimeandmakehistory.Belowaresomeexamples.ThePersistenceofMemory—SalvadorDali.Paintedin1931,ThePersistenceofMemoryisoneofthemostrecognizablepiecesinarthistory.Thisworkisknowntomakepeoplereflectontheirwayoflifeandthewaytheyspendtheirtime,anditisalsothoughtthatAlbertEinstein'swell-knownTheoryofRelativitygaveDalitheideaforthiswonderfulpainting.GirlwithaPearlEarring—JohannesVermeer.Consideredbymanytobe“theDutchMonaLisa”,thisbeautifulpaintingfeaturesanunnamedyoungwomanlookingoverhershouldertostaredirectlyattheviewer.Itwascompletedin1665andisexhibitedintheMauritshuisinTheHague,theNetherlands.Guernica—PabloPicasso.ThefamouspaintingbyPicassowascompletedin1937.ItwaspaintedinParisfollowingthebombingofGuernicaduringtheSpanishCivilWar.ThepaintingisonpermanentdisplayintheMuseoReinaSofia,Madrid,Spain.StarryNight—VincentvanGogh.Paintedin1S8t8a9r,ryNightisoneofthemostfamouspaintingsinmodernculture,whichispartofthepermanentcollectionoftheMuseumofModernArtinNewYork.ItisbasedonvanGogh'sdirectobservationsaswellashisimagination,memories,andemotionsandwastheinspirationfortheVsionncgent(alsoknownSatsarry,StarryN)i.ghtWhatdoweknowabouTthePersistenceofMem?oryItwasfinishedinthe1920s.B.Itcentersonpeople'slifestyle.C.Itreflectsthepainter'smeDmo.rIites.maybeinspiredbyafamoustheory.Whichpaintingisbasedonatruestory?A.ThePersistenceofMem.oryB.StarryNig.htC.GirlwithaPearlEar.ringD.Guernica.Whatisthecommonfeatureofthelistedpaintings?A.Theyareeverlastingartworks.Theysharethesimilartheme.Theyareonpermanentdisplay.Theygiveideasformusiccreation.BI'dthoughtIwasreadyforthechallengesofgraduateschool.ButwhenIleftNepaltofurthermystudyabroad,IfeltasifIhaddroppedintothevastoceanwhereveryfishswamfasterthanIcould.Thecourseworkworemeout.InsteadofbeingtheoutgoingpersonIhadbeen,Isuddenlybecameashygirl.Worsestill,myresearcwasnotprogressingatthepaceIhadexpected.Ineededsomethingtoreturntomyoldself.Afteraconversationwithmyfriend,IthoughtIshouldgotohelpothers.ThenIbegantosearchonlineforvolunteeropportunitiesL.uckily,alocalorganizationthatdrivesseniorcitizenstotheirA.Strength.A.Strength.B.Courage.destinationswaslookingforvolunteers.IthoughtitmightbejustwhatIneeded.Iwasabitanxiousbeforemyfirstride,asIhadnotinteractedmuchwithpeopleoutsideschool.ButIquicklyrecoveredmypoisewhenIpickedupanoldwomanwhowantedtogodowntown.Shetalkedwithmelikemygrandmotherandsharedhowthankfulshewas.Connectionslikethisandthesmilesonmypassengers'facesencouragedmetocontinuedriving.Istartedtovolunteeraboutthreehourseveryweekend—timeIotherwisewouldhavespentoversleepingorlookingthroughinformationonsocialmedia.Sharingstorieswithmypassengerswasrewarding.Andseeinghoweagertheyweretospendtimegoingoutinspiredmetothinkabouthowtospendmytimewhichusedtoslipaway.Asmyconfidencegrew,Ibeganopeninguptomyfellowgraduatestudentsabouttheupsanddownsinmyresearchandwassurprisedtodiscoverthatallmyfellowsfacedthesamechallenge—eventhestudentwhoIhadconsideredtobeontopofeverything.Astheseconnectionsgrew,mynaturalpersonalitybegantoreappear.Whatledtotheauthorbecomingshy?Theheavyacademicburden.Fearingtotalktostrangers.Thelonelinessofbeingabroad.Beingunfamiliarwiththenewschool.Whatdidtheauthorvolunteertodo?Helpwitholdpeople'sdailylife.Providetransportationfortheold.Communicatewithseniorcitizens.Accompanyoldpeopletodowntown.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“poise”inparagraph3?C.Calmness.C.Calmness.D.Enthusiasm.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?Sheworkedveryhardonherresearch.Sheexperiencedasenseofincompetence.Shewasinthesameboatasherschoolmates.Sheregainedconnectionwithherfriends.CForgivingdoesn'tmeansayingthepaindoesn'tmatterorwhattheotherpersonsaidordidwasOK.Itdoesn'tmeanforgettingwhathappened.Itmeanslettinggoofyourneedforanapology.Itmeansmakingpeacewithpasthurtandpain.Itmeanschoosingtomoveon.Allofthisiseasytosay,hardtodo.Butforgivenesscanhappeninaseriesofsmallstepsovertime.Takeyourfeelingsseriously.Forgivingdoesn'tmeanshruggingyourshouldersandsaying“Oh,well.”Cry,feelsad,throwthingshard,orwriteangrypassagesinyourdiarytogetridofsomeofthestress.Talkwithtrustedfriendsorfamilytoaskforadvicetohelpfindsolutionstoyourproblems.Youhavetherighttofeelhurtandangry.Butsufferingthesefeelingsovertimedoesyougreatharm.Makeadifferenceinyourlife.I'veseenthatmanymisstheopportunityforgettingbackagoodrelationshipwithsomeoneelsebecausetheyjustwaitfortheapologythatmaynevercome.Othersstaystuckinangerlongaftertheotherpersonhasstoppedtobeapartoftheirlives.Makeadecisiontomakeadifferenceforyourself.Thatmaybeforgivingorbeingthefirsttoreachouttotheothersothatyoucanmoveonwithyourownlife.Forgiveyourselfandengageinpositiveself-talk.Althoughyoumaymainlyblametheotherperson,it'simportanttoforgiveyourselfwithpositiveself-talk.Feelcertainthatyoucanlearnfromthisandmoveon.Tellyourselfthatyouwillsurvivethispainandthatlifewillgetbetterbecauseyoucanmakeachoicetoletgo.Tryunderstandingtheother.Thisdoesn'treduceyourpainbutmaymakewhathappenedmoreunderstandable.Understandingdoesn'tforgivehurtfulbehavior,butunderstandingcanhelptogetridofyourangerandtoforgive.Realizethatforgivenessbenefitsyoumostofall.Theotherpersonmayneverknowaboutyourforgiveness.Butforgivingandlettinggocanlightentheloadonyourbodyandonyourspirit.Whatdoesforgivingmeanaccordingtothetext?Thepaintheotherpersonbroughtyouisn'tveryserious.Whattheotherpersonhassaidordonedoesn'thurtyou.Youdon'tcareandhaveforgottenwhathappenedtoyou.Youneedn'ttheotherpersontosaysorrytoyouanymore.Whatistheattitudeoftheauthortogettingangryaccordingtoparagraph2?Positive.B.Negative.C.Objective.D.Uncertain.Whatshouldyoudoifyouhaveaquarrelwithyourclosefriendaccordingtoparagraph3?Waitforyourfriend'sapology.Taketheinitiativetosayhellotoyourfriend.Tryyourbesttoforgetyourproblem.Havepositiveself-talk.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?Howtoforgiveotherpeople.B.Forgivenessishelpfulforusall.C.Understandingcanhelpforgiveothers.D.Lifegetsbetterifyouchoosetoforgive.DEarthisfarmorealivethanwepreviouslythought,accordingto“deeplife”studiesthatrevealarichecosystembeneathourfeetthatisalmosttwicethesizeofalltheworld'soceans.Despiteextremeheat,nolightandintensepressure,scientistsestimateithasbetween15billionand23billiontonnesofmicroorganisms（微生物）.“It'slikefindingawholenewreservoir（儲(chǔ)藏）oflifeonEarth,”saidKarenLloyd,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofTennessee.Resultssuggest70percentofEarth'sbacteriaandarchaeaexistinthesubsurface.Oneorganismfound2.5kilometersbelowthesurfacehasbeenburiedformillionsofyearsandmaynotrelyatallonenergyfromthesun.Also,themethanogen（產(chǎn)甲烷菌）hasfoundawaytocreatemethaneinthisenvironment,whichitmaynotusetoreproduceordivide,buttoreplaceorrepairbrokenparts.Lengthsoftheirliveswerecompletelydifferent.Somemicroorganismshavebeenaliveforthousandsofyears,barelymovingexceptwithshiftsinearthquakesoreruptions.They'rejustactiveinside,withlessenergythanpeoplethoughtpossibletosupportlife.Theteamconsistsof1,200scientistsfrom52countriesindisciplinesrangingfromgeologyandmicrobiologytochemistryandphysics.Ayearbeforetheconclusionoftheirstudy,theywillpresentthefindingsbeforetheAmericanGeophysicalUnion'sannualmeetingopensthisweek,whichtheysayaremadepossiblebytechnicaladvancesondrillsandmicroscopes.Thescientistshavebeenwonderingaboutthepointbeyondwhichlifecannotexist,butthedeepertheydig,themorelifetheyfind.Thereisatemperaturemaximum—currently122口一buttheybelievethisrecordwillbebrokeniftheykeepexploringanddevelopingmoreadvancedinstruments.Questionsremain,includinghowthemicrobesinteractwithchemicalprocesses,andwhatthismightrevealabouthowlifeandEarthcoevolved（共同進(jìn)化）.Whatdothescientistsfindabouttheundergroundorganisms?Theycan'treproduceanddivide.B.They'retheoldestlivingthings.C.Someofthemconsumenoenergy.D.Someofthemalmostalwayskeepstill.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchfromparagraph3?A.Itlastsforaroundoneyear.B.Itisconductedin52countries.C.Itpromotestechnicaldevelopment.D.Itinvolveseffortsfrommultiplefields.Whydothescientistsdrilldeep?A.Tobreaktheirpreviousrecord.Tofindthedepthlimitoflife.Todiscovermoreancientmicroorganisms.Todetectthehighestsubsurfacetemperature.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Earth'sDepthsAreFullofLifeOrganismsLiveBetterUndergroundEarthIsFarBeyondHumanExplorationSubsurfaceLifeDiffersfromThatonLand第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thinkingaboutthepastweek,didanyofyouforgetwhereyouputyourphone?Didyouhaveawordstuckonthetipofyourtongue?Youcouldn'trememberthenameofthemovieafriendrecommended?Whatisgoingonhere?Isyourmemoryfailing?It'snot.16Despitememory'sextraordinary,necessaryandcommonpresenceinourlives,itisfarfromperfect.Ourbrainsarenotdesignedtorememberpeople'snames,toremembertodosomethinglaterortorecordeverythingweexperience.17Eveninthesmartestheads,memoryislikelytobewrong.Sowhatdetermineswhatwerememberandwhatweforget?18Yourmemoryisnotavideocamerarecordingaconstantstreamofeverysightandsoundyou'reexposedto.Youcanonlyrememberwhatyouareconcernedabout.Accordingly,onemajorreasonforforgettingwhatsomeonesaidorwhereyouparkedyourcarislackofattention.Theotherhassomethingtodowithstimulus（刺激物）.Forexample,thetipofthetongueisoneofthemostcommonexperiencesofmemoryfailure.19Whydoesthishappen?Thetipofthetonguecanoccurwhenthere'sonlypartialorweakactivation（激活）ofthenervecellsthatconnecttothewordyou'relookingfor.Sowhenyouwalkintoaroomandsuddenlydon'tknowwhyyou'rethere,you'renotgoingcrazyorgettingAlzheimer'sdisease,andyourmemoryisn'tterrible.Gobacktotheroomyouwereinbeforeyoulandedinthisoneandimaginethecluesthatwerethere.20Onenecessaryfactorisattention.It'sdoingexactlywhatit'ssupposedtodo.Theseimperfectionsaresimplythefactorysettings.Ourbrainstendtorememberwhatismeaningfulandforgetwhatisn't.You'retryingtocomeupwithaword,butyoucannotfinditinyourmemory.Itwillinstantlydeliverwhatyouwerecompletelyconfusedaboutamomentago.Memoryisamazingandisessentialforthefunctioningofalmosteverythingwedo.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Acoupleweeksago,Itriedtobuymyteenanewbike.Onelocalbikestoretoldmetheirshipmentwas21;Icouldreturnweekslater.Asportinggoodschainsaidtheyhadnothingproper,andIshouldtrycallingeveryweekto22theirlatestgoods—andrushthereifthey23tohaveit.EventuallyIdid24abike.ThenextthingIshouldbuyisafittedhelmet（頭盔）.Butthatwasstilla25task.GiventhatmostofteensIsawridingaroundwerehelmet-less,Iguessedwewerenot26inthecarelesshelmetuse,andthisthingwas27.ButZayden'sstoryalarmedme,whoselifewaschangedbyabicycle-relatedaccident.Aweekbeforethat,hisparentsboughthimanew28thatheactuallyliked.Sadly,Zaydenhad29itatafriend'shomesohewasridingwithouthishelmetwhenhitbyamotorcycle.Zaydenwasrushedtoahospital,withsevere30injuries.Statisticsshowover240,000teensweregiven31forbicycle-related

injuriesandsuitablehelmetscan32thesituationgreatly.Zayden'sparentsare33_upwiththehospitaltospreadtheimportanceofbikehelmets.Whenaskedifthere'sany34shewouldshare,Zayden'smomsays,“Nohelmet,noriding,no35_.”AndIknewIshouldgetoneimmediately.21.A.bannedB.destroyedC.delayedD.rejected22.A.packB.deliverC.purchaseD.check23.A.happenedB.expectedC.attemptedD.continued24.A.createB.affordC.secureD.miss25.A.differentB.pressingC.routineD.tough26.A.activeB.freeC.preparedD.alone27.A.setapartB.putasideC.turnedoverD.carriedout28.A.bikeB.helmetC.motorD.watch29.A.fixedB.exchangedC.leftD.deserted30.A.headB.legC.armD.back31.A.bikingtrainingB.speedlimitsC.safetyregulationsD.emergencytreatment32.A.assessB.relieveC.explainD.review33.A.breakingB.catchingC.teamingD.making34.A.adviceB.storyC.promiseD.truth35.A.surpriseB.exceptionC.doubtD.advantage第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theideaofrunninglongdistancescanbediscouragingatfirst.36,withalotofpatienceandababy-stepapproach,youcansteadilydevelopasolidpace37willlastforlongerandlongerstretches,evenwhileyouchatwithyourrunningpartner!Whetheryouareonlybeginningtorunorhavealreadymadeapracticeofit,designatrainingschedule38(base)onyourcurrentabilities.Forget“nopains,nogains.”Resisttheurge39(push)yourselftoohardortoofast.Keepyourrunssensibleandachievable,especiallyinthebeginning.Runningisanexercisewithariskof40(injure),especiallyforbeginners.Thetortoise-wins-the-racemannerwilldecreaseyourchanceofhurting41(you).Ifyouhavelittleornomilesunderyourbelt,shiftbetweenrunningand42(walk)inthebeginning.Jogforoneminute,andthenwalkforfour.Repeatthreemoretimesforatotalworkoutof2043(minute).Astheone-minutejoggingintervals(間歇)becomeeasierfromoneworkouttothenext,doublethem44twominuteseachanddecreasethewalkingintervalstothree.Continuetoincreasethejogginganddecreasethewalkingovertimeuntilyouare45(comfortable)runningforatotal20minutestretch.第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分15分)假定你是李華，現(xiàn)在國(guó)外做交換生。你所在城市的多元文化博物館將開(kāi)展“文化中國(guó)”主題交流活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)給負(fù)責(zé)人Ms.Tailor寫(xiě)一封信，申請(qǐng)做志愿者。內(nèi)容包括：寫(xiě)信目的；個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)；期待回復(fù)。詞數(shù)80左右：開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。第二節(jié)（滿(mǎn)分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所