高考英語語法專題之賓語從句學(xué)案

教學(xué)內(nèi)容賓語從句教學(xué)目標(biāo)賓語從句的時態(tài)、語序賓語從句賓語：動作動詞的作用對象。Iloveyou.HelikesEnglish.賓語從句：在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。例句：Ithink(that)youshouldstudyhard.主句連接詞從句HeaskedmewhereIhadputhisbook.主句連接詞從句構(gòu)成：主句+連接詞+從句Exercise1畫出下列句子的賓語從句(1)Weknowthatweshouldkeeptheearthclean.(2)Iknowthatheliveshere.(3)Wedon’tknowifourteacherwillattendthemeeting.(4)HeaskedmewhichcoatIlikedbest.1.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Ihope(that)itwillsnowthiswinter.說明：說明：當(dāng)謂語動詞是表示“希望、相信、知道、說”等肯定概念的動詞時，比如：believe,expect,explain,feel,hear,hope,imagine,prefer,promise,report,say,tell,think,stand,warn,wish，其后面的句子一般用that引導(dǎo)。that沒有任何詞匯含義，只有語法功能，目的是使讀者清楚后面的句子是賓語從句。多數(shù)情況下that可以省略。例如：Ibelieve(that)shecandoit.Bettythinks(that)treescanimprovetheair.注意：注意：在以下情況中that不能省略

當(dāng)句中的動詞后接兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He

said

(that)

you

were

too

young

to

understand

the

matter

and

that

he

was

asked

not

to

tell

you.

當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。

例句：Just

then

I

noticed,

for

the

first

time,

that

our

master

was

wearing

his

fine

green

coat.

當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。

拓展：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。

拓展：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。

例句：I

find

it

necessary

that

we

should

do

the

homework

on

time.2.whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)賓語從句表達(dá)不確定的概念(一般疑問句)時,用if/whether引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。例如:Maryaskedusif/whetherwewouldgoswimmingontheweekend.whether與if通常情況下可以互換,但在下列情況下通常用whether而不用ifwhether與if通常情況下可以互換,但在下列情況下通常用whether而不用if①從句后有ornot的情況TheteacherasksmewhetherIhavefinishedmyhomeworkornot.②從句前有介詞的情況MyparentsaretalkingaboutwhetherwewillgotoHongKongfortraveling.③在動詞不定式之前只能用whetherIcan'tdecidewhethertostay.3.疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句Iwanttoknowwhathewilldonext.疑問代詞：who（誰）,

whom（誰）,

whose（誰的）,

what（什么）,

which（哪一個）特殊疑問詞疑問副詞：when（什么時間）,

where（什么地點(diǎn)）,

why（為什么）,

how（怎么樣）?疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。例如:Idon’tknowwhenhewillgethome?疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。例如:Idon’tknowwhenhewillgethome.HeaskedmewhereIlived.Exercise2()1.I

can’t

understand

________

he

likes

computer

games

so

much.

A.

that

B.

whether

C.

why

D.

where

()2. ---I’m

waiting

for

the

mail.

Do

you

know________

it

will

arrive?

---Usually

it

comes

by

4:

00.

A.

how

B.

where

C.

when

D.

what

()3.It’s

up

to

you

to

decide_______you’ll

go

there,

by

air

or

by

road.

A.

how

B.

why

C.

that

D.

when()4.

We’ll

plant

trees

tomorrow,

and

I

don’t

know__________

Tom

will

come

and

join

usornot.

A.

whether

B.

which

C.

what

D.

If()5.

—

What

about

going

to

the

South

Lake

for

a

picnic

next

weekend?

—

OK.

But

I’m

not

sure__________

it

will

rain.

A.

why

B.

where

C.

when

D.

whether

()6.

—

Do

you

know

__________the

girl

in

white

is?

—

I’m

not

sure.

Maybe

she

is

a

doctor.A.

how

B.

who

C.

what

D.

where()7.In

the

bookshop,a

reader

asked

the

shop

keeper

_____Who

Moved

My

Cheese

was

an

interesting

book.A.

that

B.

how

C.

if

D.what()8.I

was

told

________

Bill

Gates

was

thirteen

he

began

to

play

with

computers.

A.

that

how

B.

how

that

C.

when

that

D.

that

when賓語從句三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、時態(tài)、語序賓語從句三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、時態(tài)、語序賓語從句中的時態(tài)賓語從句中的時態(tài)1.主現(xiàn)從不限whenyougotupyesterday.昨天什么時候起床Iwonderwhenyougetupeveryday.每天幾點(diǎn)到校whenyouwillstarttomorrow.明天幾點(diǎn)出發(fā)ifhehasbeentoBeijing.是否去過北京2.主過從四過e.g.whatyourfavoriteactivitywas.從一般過去時Iknewwhathewasdoing.從過去進(jìn)行時myfatherwouldgotoBeijingnextweek.從過去將來時hehadfinishedhishomework.從過去完成時3.當(dāng)從句敘述的內(nèi)容為客觀真理時，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g.Ourteachersaidthemoonmovesaroundthesun.Exercise3用所給動詞的正確形式填空1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.6.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.賓語從句中的賓語從句中的語序主語+謂語+其他主語+謂語+其他語序；即由that，whether/if和特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句都要用陳述語序，whether/if和特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的倒裝語序都要改成陳述語序。例如:Canyoutelluswhereyourfatherworks?Doyouknowwhattheboyisdoing?否定轉(zhuǎn)移:當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,guess,imagine,expect等詞時，賓語從句中的否定詞常常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，譯為漢語時，仍把從句翻譯成否定的意思。否定轉(zhuǎn)移句的主語一般是第一人稱。如：Idon’tbelievethathewilldosuchasillything.我相信她不會做如此愚蠢的事。否定轉(zhuǎn)移:當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,guess,imagine,expect等詞時，賓語從句中的否定詞常常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，譯為漢語時，仍把從句翻譯成否定的意思。否定轉(zhuǎn)移句的主語一般是第一人稱。如：Idon’tbelievethathewilldosuchasillything.我相信她不會做如此愚蠢的事。特殊情況：當(dāng)連接詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語時，保持原有語序不變。特殊情況：當(dāng)連接詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語時，保持原有語序不變。whatisthematterwithhim.Iwonderwhatiswrongwithit.Exercise4()1.—Where

do

you

think

________

he

________

the

computer?—Sorry,I

have

no

idea. A.／；bought

B.

has；bought

C.

did；buy

D.

does；buy

()2.—I

wonder

________.

—Zebras.

A.

what

do

they

call

these

animals

B.

how

they

call

these

animals

C.

what

they

call

these

animals

D.

how

do

they

call

these

animals

()3.

I

want

to

know

.

A.

what

was

his

name

B.

what’s

his

name

C.

that

his

name

is

D.

what

his

name

is()4.Jim

doesn’t

understand

.

A.

which

is

the

way

to

the

museum

B.

why

his

wife

always

goes

shopping

C.

what

is

the

way

to

the

museum

D.

why

does

she

always

go

shopping()5.Would

you

please

tell

me

next,

Mr

Wang?

A.

what

should

we

do

B.

we

should

do

what

C.

what

we

should

do

D.

should

we

do

what()6.You

can’t

imagine

when

they

received

these

nice

Christmas

presents.

how

they

were

excited

B.

how

excited

they

were

C.

how

excited

were

they

D.

they

were

how

excited()7.—Hi,

Bruce.

Here

is

a

letter

for

you.

—Thanks.

I

wonder__________.

A.

who

the

letter

was

from

B.

who

was

from

the

letter

C.

who

was

the

letter

from

D.

who

from

the

letter

was

()8.Could

you

tell

me__________?

A.

where

is

the

headmaster

B.

whose

camera

it

is

C.

what

Jack

was

happened

D.

how

long

does

it

take

you

to

the

aquarium()9.—

Can

you

tell

me

__________?

—

With

Lucy’s

help.

A.

when

you

did

it

so

well

B.

when

did

you

do

it

so

well

C.

how

you

did

it

so

well

D.

how

did

you

do

it

so

well

()10.—

Excuse

me.

Could

you

tell

me

__________?

—

In

the

supermarket. A.

where

I

can

buy

this

kind

of

CD

player

B.

where

can

I

buy

this

kind

of

CD

player

C.

if

I

can

buy

this

kind

of

CD

player

D.

if

can

I

buy

this

kind

of

CD

player賓語從句的簡化1.當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.2.當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3.在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3．Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4．CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5．Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6．Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.7．Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?8．Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9．Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10．Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12.What'shisname?Iaskedhim.

Iaskedhimwhat_______________.13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______(work).7.Hesaidthathe_________(finish)hisworkalready.8.Theythoughttheycould_______(hike)tothetopofthemountain.9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____(help)him.10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.綜合訓(xùn)練七選五HealthyhabitsforlivinglongerBykeepingyourdailyhabitshealthy,youcanaddyearstoyourlife.Herearesometipsforlivinglonger.Keepdailyhabitshealthy.Manyofusaresetinourdailyhabits.Weeatthesamemeal,wearthesameclothes,takethesameroutetoworkandworkthesameoldjob.Butwhatwesometimesfailtorecognizeisthehugeinfluencethatourdailyhabitscanhaveonourhealth.Itisveryimportantforustokeepourdailyhabitshealthy.(6)____Takesomeexerciseeveryday.Dailyexercisedoesimproveourhealth.Infact,studiesshowthatdailyexercisecanaddthreeyearstoourlife.Opportunityforexerciseiseverywhere—justbecreative.Wheneverwecan,walktowork.(7)____It’sreallythatsimple.Eatahealthybreakfast.Researchershavefoundthatthosewhoeatanearlymorningmealarelesslikelytobetoofatandgetdiseasescomparedwiththosewhodon’t.(8)____Allinall,eatingbreakfastisagreatandhealthywaytostartourday.Haveenoughsleep.(9)____Failingtogetatleastsevenhoursofsleepappearstoincreasetheriskofmajorillnessesincludingcancer,heartdisease,diabetesandmanymore.Getchancestocommunicate.(10)____Anysocialcommunicationcanpositivelyaffectourphysicalandmentalwell-beingbecausewecanhavemoretimeandchancestocommunicatewithothers.Allofthesecanaddyearstoourlives.A.Alackofqualitysleepcanshortenourlife.B.Exercisealsohelpsuskeepawayfromillnesses.C.Ifweliveorworkinatallbuilding,justtakethestairs.D.Breakfast-eatersalsoreportfeelingbetterbothmentallyandphysically.E.There’sanoldsayingthatsaysagoodfriendischeaperthantreatment.F.Findingtimeforstructuredexercisecanbeprettymuchimpossibleformanypeople.G.Bymakingjustafewsmallchangesandstickingtothem,wecanaddafewyearstoourlife.課后作業(yè)短文改錯AOnceuponatimetherewasaboywhofondofreading.However,hewasverypoortobuyanybooks.Thatwasthereason