非謂語動(dòng)詞公開課(課堂)課件

非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式(todo）否定(nottodo)V-ing（doing）否定(notdoing)過去分詞（done）否定(notdone)在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的各種句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種：Iwant

toreadabookwritten

bythewomanliving

there.謂語非謂語動(dòng)詞1非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式(todo）否定(notto

主語賓語定語表語補(bǔ)語狀語TodoV-ingV-ed非謂語動(dòng)詞功能表2主語賓語定語表語補(bǔ)語狀語TodoV-ingV-ed非謂不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、作主語Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表語Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作賓語Iwanttobuy

adictionary.4、作定語Hehasachancetogoabroad.

5、作狀語

Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作補(bǔ)語Iaskustohelphim.3不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、作主語Torunis1、主語Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.點(diǎn)頭表示同意。2、賓語Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindows?3、表語Hisjobissellingnewspapers.4、定語Thisisaswimmingpool.V-ing在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？5.補(bǔ)語Hekeptmewaitingsolong.6.狀語Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.41、主語Noddingtheheadmeansagr過去分詞在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、定語Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2、表語Theshopisclosed.3、補(bǔ)語Shefeltherarmtoughed.4、狀語

Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.5過去分詞在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、定語非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式todo

tobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing過去分詞done

現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)態(tài)

被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式doing

beingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)詞不定式6非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式todo動(dòng)詞不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主動(dòng)態(tài)）

Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被動(dòng)態(tài))

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(進(jìn)行式)

Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主動(dòng)態(tài))

Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlong

ago.(完成式的被動(dòng)態(tài))

We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成進(jìn)行式)7動(dòng)詞不定式的形式7現(xiàn)在分詞的形式

Hesatinachair,

readinganovel.(一般式主動(dòng)態(tài))Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被動(dòng)態(tài))Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主動(dòng)態(tài))Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被動(dòng)態(tài))8現(xiàn)在分詞的形式8過去分詞的形式

Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.

(過去分詞被動(dòng)態(tài))9過去分詞的形式9不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)別英語中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語，但有些動(dòng)詞要求不定式常用以下動(dòng)詞后作賓語：agree,ask,attempt,begin,demand,desire,dislike,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,permit,refuse,manage,order,persuade,tend,fail,choose,forget,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,wait,等。例如:Hemanagedtopasstheexam.

Hepromisedtobehereatnine.

Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.2.動(dòng)名詞常用以下動(dòng)詞后作賓語:admit,avoidcan’thelp,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,mind,practice,suggest,lookforwardto,

beusedtodoing,succeedin,feellike,stickto,

etc.

例如：

Somepeopledonotenjoysmoking.

Heavoidedansweringmyquestiondefinitely.

Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.10不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)別10不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,

Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Thebuildingbuiltisourlibrary.11不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別11不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別不定式作狀語一般表示目的,結(jié)果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．(目的Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．(結(jié)果)

Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,主動(dòng)或現(xiàn)在Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴隨)Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.過去分詞作狀語一般表示被動(dòng)或完成Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.

12不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別12不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別有些使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等

動(dòng)詞不定式只說明賓語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,賓語與動(dòng)詞不定式是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.13不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別13注意問題1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別

1）forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）

2）stoptodo停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事

3）remembertodo記住去做某事（未做）

rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)

4)regrettodo對要做的事遺憾

regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔

5）trytodo努力、企圖做某事

trydoing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法

6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味著

7）goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）

goondoing繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）

8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）

proposingdoing建議（做某事）

14注意問題1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別12.不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語

Ihavesomethingtodotonight.Hestillhasalotofhomeworktofinish.

3.疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語:

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.

(主語)

Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．

(表語)

152.不定代詞something,nothing,litt

非謂語動(dòng)詞中的句型

1）Doing...+v.

Readingisanart.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。

2)Itis+nouse/good(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,...)等名詞+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。3)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth

做某事沒用

Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．

16非謂語動(dòng)詞中的句型164)go+Ving示“從事…”之意

I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露營。

I’llgoshopping．我去商店。

Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。

5)在want,need,require等動(dòng)詞后,常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思。例如：

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)6)在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.174)go+Ving示“從事…”之意17不定式

NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingD.expectsB該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動(dòng)詞后可以跟一個(gè)疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用解析18不定式NMET2000第19題I’veworkw[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因?yàn)橹髡Z是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。不定式的作用解析19[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurpose[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式

該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。解析不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)20[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove[例4]NMET2002第Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B不定式的語態(tài)取決于它和主語以及被它修飾的詞的邏輯關(guān)系,被動(dòng)關(guān)系用被動(dòng).解析21[例4]NMET2002第Havingatrip不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補(bǔ)。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。

在大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞可接不定式短語做賓補(bǔ)，只有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（五個(gè)看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。解析不定式的否定形式22不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatie過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法動(dòng)詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.解析過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補(bǔ)語的用法。23過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題___過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作以完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所以A是正確的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析24過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17The過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌opaysb.bythehour”計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.解析25過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題CleV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed26V.-ing形式[例]NMET1998Europea過去分詞4.作補(bǔ)語該題考查過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。theplan與carryout的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。seesth.done這結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET2000第22題Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析27過去分詞4.作補(bǔ)語該題考查過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。the歷年高考題1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(‘03上海春)A．kept

B．tobekept

C．keeping

D．beingkept

2.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．A．ThepresidentwillattendB．Thepresidenttoattend(‘03上海春)C．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattending3.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited(‘03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(‘03上海春)A．tohaveplayed

B．toplayC．tobeplayed

D．tobeplayingADAB28歷年高考題1.Friendshipislikem5.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding295.Howaboutthetwoofus___10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing3010.Themissingboyswerel15.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading3115.Shecan’thelp____th5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.---Alettermaybetooslow.----Whynot____atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend鞏固練習(xí)CDABAD325.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband1._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is______necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.this B.that C.it D.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended____theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.workingNon-infinitive331._____isagoodofexercisef7.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_____onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest8.Doyouconsider___anygoodattemptingmanyscientificexperiments?A.thereB.itC.thisD.that9.I’mthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething________.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunkD.fordrinking10.Therewasaterriblenoise_______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed11．Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverrive12.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow13.Believeitornot,hewasseen______upstairsjustnow.A.togoB.togoingC.havinggoneD.go347.Shereachedthetopoftheh14.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied16.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneeded B.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedof D.oneneedsalotofpractice17._________areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived18.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking19.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth______asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned3514.Itwassocoldthattheyke非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式(todo）否定(nottodo)V-ing（doing）否定(notdoing)過去分詞（done）否定(notdone)在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語動(dòng)詞以外的各種句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種：Iwant

toreadabookwritten

bythewomanliving

there.謂語非謂語動(dòng)詞36非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式(todo）否定(notto

主語賓語定語表語補(bǔ)語狀語TodoV-ingV-ed非謂語動(dòng)詞功能表37主語賓語定語表語補(bǔ)語狀語TodoV-ingV-ed非謂不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、作主語Torunisagoodhabit.(=Itisagoodhabittorun.)2、作表語Ourplanistobuildabridgeovertheriver.3、作賓語Iwanttobuy

adictionary.4、作定語Hehasachancetogoabroad.

5、作狀語

Tofinishthework,hehadtogetupearly.6、作補(bǔ)語Iaskustohelphim.38不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、作主語Torunis1、主語Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.點(diǎn)頭表示同意。2、賓語Wouldyoumindmyclosingthewindows?3、表語Hisjobissellingnewspapers.4、定語Thisisaswimmingpool.V-ing在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？5.補(bǔ)語Hekeptmewaitingsolong.6.狀語Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyteacher.391、主語Noddingtheheadmeansagr過去分詞在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、定語Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2、表語Theshopisclosed.3、補(bǔ)語Shefeltherarmtoughed.4、狀語

Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.40過去分詞在句子當(dāng)中可以充當(dāng)哪些成分？1、定語非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式todo

tobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing過去分詞done

現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)態(tài)

被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式doing

beingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動(dòng)詞不定式41非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式主動(dòng)態(tài)被動(dòng)態(tài)一般式todo動(dòng)詞不定式的形式Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.（一般式的主動(dòng)態(tài)）

Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被動(dòng)態(tài))

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(進(jìn)行式)

Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主動(dòng)態(tài))

Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedlong

ago.(完成式的被動(dòng)態(tài))

We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成進(jìn)行式)42動(dòng)詞不定式的形式7現(xiàn)在分詞的形式

Hesatinachair,

readinganovel.(一般式主動(dòng)態(tài))Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被動(dòng)態(tài))Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主動(dòng)態(tài))Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被動(dòng)態(tài))43現(xiàn)在分詞的形式8過去分詞的形式

Seenfromthespace,theearthisfilledwithwater.

(過去分詞被動(dòng)態(tài))44過去分詞的形式9不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)別英語中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語，但有些動(dòng)詞要求不定式常用以下動(dòng)詞后作賓語：agree,ask,attempt,begin,demand,desire,dislike,expect,decide,seem,intend,try,permit,refuse,manage,order,persuade,tend,fail,choose,forget,mean,pretend,promise,refuse,wait,等。例如:Hemanagedtopasstheexam.

Hepromisedtobehereatnine.

Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.2.動(dòng)名詞常用以下動(dòng)詞后作賓語:admit,avoidcan’thelp,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,giveup,mind,practice,suggest,lookforwardto,

beusedtodoing,succeedin,feellike,stickto,

etc.

例如：

Somepeopledonotenjoysmoking.

Heavoidedansweringmyquestiondefinitely.

Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.45不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語的區(qū)別10不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,Thebuildingtobecompletednextmonthisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,

Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Thebuildingbuiltisourlibrary.46不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別11不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別不定式作狀語一般表示目的,結(jié)果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．(目的Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．(結(jié)果)

Wearegladtohearthenews.(原因)

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,主動(dòng)或現(xiàn)在Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．(伴隨)Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.過去分詞作狀語一般表示被動(dòng)或完成Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.

47不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別12不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別有些使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等

動(dòng)詞不定式只說明賓語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,賓語與動(dòng)詞不定式是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系Hehadhisbikerepairedyesterday.Hefoundhiswatchstolen.48不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別13注意問題1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別

1）forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）

forgetdoing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）

2）stoptodo停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事

stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事

3）remembertodo記住去做某事（未做）

rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)

4)regrettodo對要做的事遺憾

regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔

5）trytodo努力、企圖做某事

trydoing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法

6)meantodo打算，有意要…

meandoing意味著

7）goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）

goondoing繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）

8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）

proposingdoing建議（做某事）

49注意問題1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別12.不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語

Ihavesomethingtodotonight.Hestillhasalotofhomeworktofinish.

3.疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語:

Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.

(主語)

Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．

(表語)

502.不定代詞something,nothing,litt

非謂語動(dòng)詞中的句型

1）Doing...+v.

Readingisanart.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。

2)Itis+nouse/good(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,...)等名詞+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。3)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth

做某事沒用

Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．

51非謂語動(dòng)詞中的句型164)go+Ving示“從事…”之意

I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露營。

I’llgoshopping．我去商店。

Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。

5)在want,need,require等動(dòng)詞后,常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思。例如：

Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)6)在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞

Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.524)go+Ving示“從事…”之意17不定式

NMET2000第19題I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingD.expectsB該題考查疑問+不定式在句中做賓語的用法。英語中有一些動(dòng)詞后可以跟一個(gè)疑問詞的不定式做賓語，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式的作用解析53不定式NMET2000第19題I’veworkw[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式因?yàn)橹髡Z是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故選B。不定式的作用解析54[例2]NMET1999第21Thepurpose[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式

該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的用法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合題意。Wouldlove+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式則表示“原本希望而未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)”的意思。解析不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)55[例3]NMET1997第1Iwouldlove[例4]NMET2002第Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

例如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B不定式的語態(tài)取決于它和主語以及被它修飾的詞的邏輯關(guān)系,被動(dòng)關(guān)系用被動(dòng).解析56[例4]NMET2002第Havingatrip不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

該題考查不定式的否定式作主補(bǔ)。要注意warn后跟詞方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.該題應(yīng)該用①結(jié)構(gòu)另外，not應(yīng)放在to之前。

在大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞可接不定式短語做賓補(bǔ)，只有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（五個(gè)看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二聽listento,hear等）須接不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。解析不定式的否定形式57不定式[例5]NMET1996年Thepatie過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法動(dòng)詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.解析過去分詞主要考查其在句中作狀語、定語、表語和補(bǔ)語的用法。58過去分詞1.作狀語[例1]NMET1996第23題___過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作以完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所以A是正確的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析59過去分詞2.作定語[例2]NMET1997第17The過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌opaysb.bythehour”計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.解析60過去分詞3.作表語[例3]NMET1998第23題CleV.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed61V.-in