2018年江蘇省高考英語試卷解析版

2018年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(江蘇卷)第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A．WatchaTVprogram.B．Giveatalk.C．Writeareport.2．Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A．She’sgenerous.B．She’scurious.C．She’shelpful.3．Whendoesthetrainleave?A．At6：30.B．At8：30.C．At10：30.4．Howdoesthewomangotowork?A．Bycar.B．Onfoot.C．Bybike.5．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Classmates.B．Teacherandstudent.C．Doctorandpatient.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatdoesthewomanregret?A．Givingupherresearch.B．Droppingoutofcollege.C．Changinghermajor.7．Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A．Ecology.B．Education.C．Chemistry.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Whatistheman?A．Ahotelmanager.B．Atourguide.C．Ataxidriver.9．Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?A．Lookingforsomelocalfoods.B．Showingheraroundtheseaside.C．Offeringinformationaboutahotel.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inanoffice.B．Athome.C．Atarestaurant.11．Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A．Gotoaconcert.B．Visitafriend.C．Workextrahours.12．WhoisAlicegoingtocall?A．Mike.B．Joan.C．Catherine.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?A．Tolookatanapartment.B．Todeliversomefurniture.C．Tohaveamealtogether.14．Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A．Itscolor.B．Itsdesign.C．Itsquality.15．Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A．It’sagoodsize.B．It’snewlypainted.C．It’sadequatelyequipped.16．Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A．Godowntown.B．Talkwithherfriend.C．Makepayment.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A．Moviefans.B．Newsreporters.C．Collegestudents.18．WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?A．Beforehelefthishometown.B．AfterhecametoAmerica.C．Whenhewas15yearsold.19．Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A．He’sproud.B．He’ssympathetic.C．He’sgrateful.20．Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A．Howeducationshapedhislife.B．Howhislanguageskillsimproved.C．Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.答案1.B2.C3.C4.B5.A6.B7.A8.B9．C10.C11.A12.B13.A14.A15.C16.B17．C18.B19.C20.A聽力原文Text1W：James，you’vebeenwatchingTVforthewholeevening.What’son?M：It’sascienceprogramontheoriginoftheuniverse.I’llgiveapresentationonitinmyclasstomorrow.Text2M：Hello!DoyouhaveTheBestofMozart?W：Er...sorry.We’vejustsoldout.Butwecanorderoneforyou.Ifyougiveusyournumber，we’llcallyouwhentheCDarrives.Text3W：We’dbetterbegoingnow.Orwe’llbelateforthetrain.M：Norush.It’s8：30now.Westillhavetwohours.Text4M：Iamsotiredoftryingallthosehourstowork.W：Yeah，Iknowwhatyoumean.Iusedtodrivetwohourstoworkeachday.ButnowIlivewithinwalkingdistanceofmyoffice.Idon’tevenneedabike.Text5W：Hi，Andy.Ididn’tseeyouinProfessorSmith’sclassyesterday.Whathappened?M：Well，Ihadaheadache，soIcalledhimandaskedforsickleave.Text6W：ThebiggestmistakeImade...eh...wasleavingcollegeinmylastyearandnotcompletingmyeducation.SoI’mthinkingofgoingbacktoschool.M：School？Tostudywhat?W：Ecology.I’minterestedintherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.M：Cool!Isitwhatyoustudiedyearsago?W：No，Imajoredinchemistrythen.Text7M：Goodmorning，madam.I’myourguideforthistrip.W：Howlovely!CouldyoutellmeaboutthehotelI’mgoingtostayat?M：Yes，ofcourse!TheGrandHotelopenedin1990，anditsitsontheseasidealongtheSouthCoastHighway.It’sthemostbeautifulhotelhere.W：Thatsoundsgreat!M：Andtherearesomerestaurantsoutside.Soatdinnertime，you’dhavealotofchoices.W：That’sreallynice.Iliketohavesomelocalfoodswhiletraveling.Whataboutthesceneryaroundit?M：ThehotelhasthebestviewsofthePacificOcean.W：Oh，IthinkIwilllovethishotel.Text8W：Hi，Mike.M：Hi，Alice.Nicetoseeyou.Youdon’toftencomehere.W：Iusuallyhavefastfooddeliveredtomyoffice.Ijustcomehereforachangetoday.M：Theenvironmenthereisgood，cleanandrelativelyquiet.W：Yeah.AndIheardthefoodistasty.Bytheway，areyougoingtotheconcerttomorrowevening?M：Yes，areyou?W：Yeah!Catherinewassupposedtogowithme，butshemayhavetoworkextrahourstomorrow.Doyouknowanyonewhomightliketogo?M：No，butifyoulike，Icanaskaround.Eh...Joanmightwanttogo.W：Oh，yes，sheisagreatfanofclassicalmusic.I’llgiveheraringafterlunch.Text9W：Hi.I’veonlyjustarrived.M：Oh，good.Now，herearethekeys.Let’sgoin.Therearetwoapartments.Theoneforrentisontheright.Docomein.W：Thankyou.Ilikethecarpet.Thecolorisnice，isn’tit?M：Yes，andthisapartmentisingoodcondition.Hereisyourlounge.W：Wherewouldweeat?M：Thereisthiscornerhere，oryoucanuseyourkitchen.Comeandsee.W：Thekitchenisquitesmall.M：Yeah，butithaseverything—cooker，fridge，evenadish-washer.W：Andtherearelotsofcupboards.M：Letmeshowyouthebedrooms.Thisisthesmallerone.W：It’sagoodsize，though.M：Nowcomeintotheotherbedroom.Youcanseethebathroom，too.W：Yes，itisverynice.ButI’llhavetoaskmyfriendfirstandwewillcometogether.Iunderstandit’s$800amonth.M：Yes，butafewblocksdowntownwouldbemuchmoreexpensive.W：Well，thankyou.Iwillbeintouch.Text10M：Thankyouverymuch.Thankyou，DoctorJohnson.Well，itisreallygreattobebackatuniversityagain.ThethingthatIwantedtotellyoutodayisthis：Educationisimportant.WhenIcametotheUS，Iwasonlythinkingaboutbeingacarpenter，butIcouldnotreadthenewspaper.AndIcouldnotunderstandthenewsontelevisionormoviesoranythinglikethis.SoIenteredthecitycollegetotakeEnglishclassesforforeignstudents.IwasveryproudthatIwasgoingtoacollegebecausenooneinmyfamilyeverwenttoanycollegeortoanyuniversity.Youknow，whenyou’refifteenyearsoldinmycountry，youfinishschoolandthenyoulearnatrade.Andthat’sexactlywhatIdid.WhenIwasfifteenyearsold，Ilearnedhowtobeacarpenter.Ayearlater，IcametoAmerica.Luckily，Imetaverygoodteacherwhoencouragedmetotakesomemathclasses，businessclassesandhistoryclasses.AndIbecameafull-timecollegestudent.AndtodaywhenIlookback，I’msohappybecauseyouneverknowwherelifewilltakeyou.Allofasudden，IstartedmakingmoneybecauseIwasreallygoodatmath.Youknow，howtoworkouteverythingwithmathissoimportant.ThisissomethingthatIlearnedwhenIstartedmyownbusiness，whichisdoingreallywell.第二部分：英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)：單項填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)請認真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A．however B．whateverC．whichever D．whenever答案B21．Byboatistheonlywaytogethere，whichiswearrived.A．where B．whenC．why D．how答案D解析句意為：坐船是到達這里的唯一方法，這就是我們如何(how)到達的。where表地點；when表時間；why表原因；how表方式。22．Kidsshouldn’thaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymightthethingstheysee.A．indicate B．investigateC．imitate D．innovate答案C解析句意為：孩子們不應該有機會接觸暴力電影，因為他們可能會模仿(imitate)他們看到的東西。C項imitate“模仿”符合語境。indicate表明，暗示；investigate調查；innovate創(chuàng)新，改革。23．Self-drivingisanareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A．that B．whereC．which D．when答案B解析句意為：自動駕駛是一個中國和世界上其他國家處在同一起跑線的領域。分析句子結構可知，area作定語從句的先行詞，從句中缺少地點狀語，要用where引導。that和which為關系代詞，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語；when是關系副詞，在定語從句中作時間狀語。24．It’sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.A．would B．shouldC．could D．might答案B解析句意為：很奇怪，他竟然未經主人同意就拿走了那些書。此處should作情態(tài)動詞，表示“竟然”，符合句意，故選B。25．DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhichaclearroadmapandtimetable.A．callsfor B．callsonC．callsoff D．callsup答案A解析句意為：發(fā)展長江經濟帶是一個系統(tǒng)化項目，該項目要求(callfor)有清晰的路線圖和時間表。callfor要求，需要；callon拜訪，號召；calloff取消；callup打電話。26．Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod，theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.A．havingexceeded B．toexceedC．exceeded D．exceeding答案D解析句意為：在這段時期創(chuàng)造了大約13500個新工作，超過了市場分析師認為的12000個的預期數(shù)量。werecreated是謂語，因此exceed只能用非謂語動詞形式作伴隨狀語。A項havingexceeded表示exceed的動作發(fā)生在werecreated之前，不符合語境；B項toexceed不能作伴隨狀語；C項exceeded表示主語與exceed之間為被動關系，也不符合語境。故選D。27．Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage，andIwishIasecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A．had B．willhaveC．wouldhavehad D．havehad答案A解析句意為：在這個村子里社交生活良好，我希望我能再有機會更多地參與其中。Iwish后接從句，從句要用虛擬語氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，從句謂語用did(be動詞用were)；敘述與過去事實相反的假設，從句謂語用haddone；敘述與將來事實相反的假設，從句謂語用would/coulddo。由語境可知，此處敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，故選A。28．—Youknowwhat？I’vegotaNewYearconcertticket.—Oh，You’rekidding.A．sowhat? B．goahead.C．comeon. D．whatfor?答案C解析句意為：——你猜怎么著？我有一張新年音樂會的票?！?，得了吧。你在開玩笑吧。sowhat意為“那又怎么樣呢”，表示對對方說的話不以為然；goahead意為“去吧，干吧”，用于鼓勵別人；comeon可意為“加油”，用于激勵別人，也可意為“得了吧，怎么會呢”，表示不相信；whatfor用于詢問目的，意為“為了什么”。由語境可知C項正確。29．youcansleepwell，youwilllosetheabilitytofocus，planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.A．Once B．UnlessC．If D．When答案B解析句意為：你如果睡不好的話，一兩個晚上后就會失去集中注意力、做好規(guī)劃和保持積極性的能力。B項unless意為“如果不，除非”，引導條件狀語從句，符合語境。once一旦；if如果；when當……的時候。30．Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplaninthepasttwoyears.A．hadbeencarriedoutB．wouldbecarriedoutC．isbeingcarriedoutD．hasbeencarriedout答案A解析句意為：上個月我被派到那個村子里去看了看在過去的兩年里這個發(fā)展計劃實施得怎么樣了。根據inthepasttwoyears可知應用完成時，先排除B、C兩項；再根據carryout發(fā)生在wassent之前可知，應用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，故選A。31．Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother，forwemoreconvenientelectroniccommunicationtoolsbythen.A．havedevelopedB．haddevelopedC．willhavedevelopedD．developed答案C解析句意為：在2025年我們有望不用再互相發(fā)電子郵件了，因為到那時我們將已經研制出更便捷的電子交流工具了。根據句中的in2025以及bythen可知，后面應用將來完成時willhavedone，故選C項。32．Trytounderstandwhat’sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingontheyou’vemade.A．assignment B．associationC．acquisition D．assumption答案D解析句意為：努力弄明白實際正在發(fā)生的事情，而不是按照你做出的假設去行動。D項assumption意為“假設”，符合語境。you’vemade是定語從句，修飾assumption，makeanassumption意為“做出假設”。assignment任務，作業(yè)；association聯(lián)系；acquisition獲得，得到。33．China’ssoftpowergrowstheincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.A．inlinewith B．inreplytoC．inreturnfor D．inhonourof答案A解析句意為：中國的軟實力在增長，這與中國在全球范圍內得到越來越多的欣賞和理解是一致的。A項inlinewith意為“與……一致”，符合語境。inreplyto回復，答復；inreturnfor作為對……的回報；inhonourof為了向……表示尊敬。34．Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel，themanageristoinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.A．keen B．reluctantC．anxious D．ready答案B解析句意為：雖然賓館的服務很差，但經理仍然不愿意投資對員工進行充分的培訓。B項reluctant意為“不情愿的”，符合語境。keen渴望的，著迷的；anxious擔心的，焦慮的；ready準備好的，愿意的。35．—Whathappened？Yourbossseemsto.—Didn’tyouknowhissecretaryleakedthesecretreporttothepress?A．beoverthemoonB．laughhisheadoffC．beallearsD．flyoffthehandle答案D解析句意為：——發(fā)生了什么事？你的老板似乎。——難道你不知道他的秘書把這個秘密報告泄露給了新聞記者了嗎？D項flyoffthehandle意為“大發(fā)雷霆”，符合語境。beoverthemoon欣喜若狂；laughhisheadoff大笑不止，狂笑不已；beallears全神貫注地聽，洗耳恭聽。第二節(jié)：完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen36topaylawyers’fees.Tomakemattersworse，Mothwasdiagnosed(診斷)witha37disease.Therewasno38，onlypainrelief.Failingtofindanyotherwayout，theydecidedtomakea39journey，astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers’(徒步旅行者)guide.Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand40recovery.Whenleavinghome，RaynorandMothhadjust￡320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthe41lowbylivingonboilednoodles，withthe42hamburgershoptreat.Wildcampingis43inEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught，theWinnshadtogettheirtentup44andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.TheWinnssoondiscoveredthatdailyhikingintheir50sisalot45thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.Raynor46alloveranddesiredabath.Moth，meanwhile，afteraninitial47，foundhissymptomswerestrangely48bytheirdailytiringjourney.49，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter，withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad50forever.“Ourhairwasfriedandfallingout，nailsbroken，clothes51toathread，butwewerealive.”Duringthejourney，Raynorbeganacareerasanaturewriter.Shewrites，“52hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare，anemptypageattheendofa(n)53writtenbook.Ithadalsogivenmea54，eithertoleavethatpage55ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.Ichosehope.”36．A.drawnup B．usedupC．backedup D．keptup答案B解析文章開頭交代，夫妻倆因投資不當而變得無家可歸。由此可推知，為了支付律師費，他們的積蓄被用完(useup)了。drawup起草，(車輛)停下；backup支持；keepup保持，繼續(xù)。37．A.mild B．commonC．preventable D．serious答案D解析由空前的“tomakemattersworse”(更糟糕的是)及后文的提示“onlypainrelief”可知Moth被診斷出得了重(serious)病。mild溫和的，輕微的；common常見的；preventable可預防的。38．A.cure B．luckC．care D．promise答案A解析由空后的“onlypainrelief”可知，此處是說該病無法治愈(cure)。luck運氣，好運；care關懷，照料；promise許諾，答應。39．A.business B．walkingC．bus D．rail答案B解析由空后的hikers可知是徒步旅行，故選walking。business商業(yè)；bus公共汽車；rail鐵路。40．A.expected B．frighteningC．disappointing D．surprising答案D解析由下文可知這次徒步旅行收到了驚人的(surprising)康復效果。expected預期的；frightening嚇人的；disappointing令人失望的。41．A.budget B．revenueC．compensation D．allowance答案A解析空前提到，他們只有320英鎊，空后提到他們以煮面條為食，由此可知他們計劃保持低預算(budget)。revenue稅收，收益；compensation補償費，賠償金；allowance津貼，零用錢。42．A.frequent B．occasionalC．abundant D．constant答案B解析因為預算低，他們只能靠煮面條過活，偶爾(occasional)去漢堡店款待一下自己?？蘸蟮膖reat是名詞，有“款待”之意。因為預算低，所以去漢堡店不可能是frequent“頻繁的”、abundant“充足的”或constant“經常的”。43．A.unpopular B．lawfulC．attractive D．illegal答案D解析由下文的“Toavoidbeingcaught”(避免被抓)可知，在英國，野外宿營是非法的(illegal)。unpopular不流行的；lawful合法的；attractive吸引人的。44．A.soon B．earlyC．late D．slowly答案C解析為了避免被抓，他們只好很晚(late)才撐起帳篷并且一早就把帳篷收起來。顯然，該空與early相對，只能選late。soon快，不久；early早；slowly緩慢地。45．A.harder B．easierC．cheaper D．funnier答案A解析根據常識及下文的Raynor渾身疼痛可知夫妻倆很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們在50多歲時的徒步旅行比記憶中20多歲時的徒步旅行艱難多了(harder)。easier更容易的；cheaper更便宜的；funnier更有趣的。46．A.rolled B．bledC．ached D．trembled答案C解析通讀上下文可知，夫妻倆都50多歲了，每天徒步旅行，Raynor渾身疼痛(acheallover)，想洗個澡。roll滾動；bleed流血；tremble顫抖。47．A.struggle B．progressC．excitement D．research答案A解析上文提到Moth得了重病，所以旅行開始時他一定是痛苦的，故選struggle“掙扎”。progress進步；excitement興奮；research研究，調查。48．A.developed B．controlledC．reduced D．increased答案C解析由空前的strangely(奇怪地)及下一段中的“theirbodiesturnedforthebetter”(他們的身體好轉了)可知Moth的癥狀減輕(reduce)了。develop發(fā)展，成長；control控制；increase增加。49．A.Initially B．EventuallyC．Temporarily D．Consequently答案B解析最后(eventually)，夫妻倆發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的身體都有所好轉。initially最初；temporarily臨時地；consequently因此，所以。50．A.gained B．keptC．wounded D．lost答案D解析夫妻倆身體好轉，發(fā)現(xiàn)本以為永遠消失(lose)了的強壯肌肉重新出現(xiàn)了。gain獲得；keep保持；wound使受傷。51．A.sewn B．washedC．worn D．ironed答案C解析由空前描述的“頭發(fā)干枯脫落，指甲斷裂”可知該空是說衣服被磨損(wear)成線。sew縫；wash洗；iron熨。52．A.Doctors B．HikingC．Lawyers D．Homelessness答案D解析通讀上下文可知，把她所有物質的東西都帶走的不可能是“醫(yī)生”“徒步旅行”或“律師”，而應是無家可歸(homelessness)。53．A.well B．partlyC．neatly D．originally答案B解析句意為：無家可歸帶走了我所有物質的東西，我被撕得支離破碎，在人生這本已經寫完一部分的書的最后留下空白的一頁。Raynor把自己目前的人生比作已經寫完一部分的書(partlywrittenbook)。wellwritten寫得好；neatlywritten寫得整潔；originallywritten原創(chuàng)的。54．A.choice B．rewardC．promise D．break答案A解析由空后的either...or...及最后一句“Ichosehope.(我選擇了希望)”可知該處意為“它也給了我一個選擇(choice)”。reward獎賞，報酬；promise承諾；break間歇。55．A.loose B．fullC．blank D．missing答案C解析上文的“anemptypage”提示該空填blank(空白的)。給Raynor的選擇是“或者留著那頁空白或者帶著希望繼續(xù)寫故事”。loose松的；full滿的；missing丟失的。第三部分：閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A56．Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?A.12. B.37.C.50. D.62.答案C解析數(shù)字計算題。根據Admission部分的“25.00recommendedforadults，12.00recommendedforstudents...freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.”可知，在入場費的收取方面，成年人每人收25美元，12歲以下有成人陪同的孩子是免費的。所以11歲的女孩和她的爸爸媽媽要參觀該博物館時，入場費為50美元。故選C項。57．TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat.A．itopensalltheyearroundB．itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAgesC．ithasamodernEuropean-stylegardenD．itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據TheCloistersMuseumandGardens部分的“...devotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.”可知，修道院藝術博物館作為大都會藝術博物館的一個分館，專門用來展出中世紀歐洲有關藝術和建筑的作品，所以修道院藝術博物館的吸引人之處也就在于此，故選B項(它的藏品始于中世紀)。BInthe1760s，MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup，Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout，whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today，scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat：dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone，customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters，too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness，theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad：thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller，andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney，butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces，finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround：putonsomeMozart(莫扎特)．Whenclassical，ratherthanpop，musicwasplaying，dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect：dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon，ornoscent.Meanwhile，thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor，say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables，”giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds，aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation，suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.58．Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A．notawareofeatingmorethanusualB．notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC．notconsciousofthefoodqualityD．notfondofthefoodprovided答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據第三段中的“...thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse，butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller...”可知，那些被給以大份飯菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他們沒覺得更飽，這說明在黑暗的就餐環(huán)境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此處的nonethewiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故選A項。59．Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A．Playingclassicalmusic.B．Introducinglemonscent.C．Makingthelightbrighter.D．Usingplatesoflargersize.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中的“Whenclassical，ratherthanpop，musicwasplaying，dinersspentmore.”可知，當演奏古典音樂而不是流行音樂的時候，食客們會花更多的錢。spentmore就是對題干中makemoreprofit的語意轉化。故選A項。60．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A．Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B．Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C．Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.D．Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.答案D解析段落大意題。根據最后一段首句中的“thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables，crowding，highprices—don’tnecessarily”可知，你可能認為會打消你消費的念頭的東西——位置“不好”的桌位、擁擠和價格高——未必如此(指在某些人看來，這些不利因素未必不會帶來利潤的增加)。由此可知，作者認為這些對于餐館的常見的觀點是一種誤解，故選D項。CIfyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry，you’dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars：Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture，smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers，andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))，smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC，美國青年農會)andafamilyfarmermyself，Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.Forexample，taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester，atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer，JonathanDysinger，inTennessee，withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout，smallfarmerscouldn’ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow，withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct，theycanstayinbusiness.Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers，though，won’thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors，developers，andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone’sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.From2004to2013，agriculturallandvaluesdoubled，andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering(多于)farmersyoungerthan35bysixtoone，andwithtwo-thirdsofthenation’sfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer，wemustclearthepathfortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenation’sfood.Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy，butfarmerscan’tclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation，aswepushforimmigrationreform，andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmersfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress，consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.61．Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce.A．theprogressmadeincarindustryB．aspecialfeatureofagricultureC．atrendofdevelopmentinagricultureD．theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry答案B解析推理判斷題。文章開頭首先提到汽車行業(yè)的特點，“如果想進軍汽車行業(yè)，你最好有幾十億美元：家庭經營的汽車制造廠不大可能擊敗最大的汽車公司”；接著指出“但是在農業(yè)方面，小農場主可以勝過大農場主”。由此可知，作者開頭提到汽車行業(yè)是為了通過對比介紹農業(yè)的一個特色。62．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleinParagraph2?A．Loanstosmalllocalfarmersarenecessary.B．Technologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.C．Competitionbetweensmallandbigfarmsisfierce.D．Smallfarmersmaygainsomeadvantagesoverbigones.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“...suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.”以及“...theycanstayinbusiness.”可知，QuickCutGreensHarvester的發(fā)明讓小農場可以與加利福尼亞的大農場競爭，并且可以繼續(xù)經營下去，也就是說小農場主可能比大農場主獲得了一些優(yōu)勢。63．Whatisthedifficultyforthosenewfarmers?A．Togainmorefinancialaid.B．Tohiregoodfarmmanagers.C．Tohavefarmsoftheirown.D．Towinoldfarmers’support.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“Competitionfrominvestors，developers，andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone’sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.”可知，來自投資者、開發(fā)商和資深的大農場主的競爭使許多新農場主無法擁有自己的土地，也就是說，新農場主面臨的困難是“有自己的農場”。64．Whatshouldfarmersdoforamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy?A．SeeksupportbeyondNYFC.B．Expandfarmlandconservation.C．BecomemembersofNYFC.D．Investmoretoimprovetechnology.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據題干中的“amoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy”定位到文章最后一段。該段提到NYFC在敦促國會增加耕地保護等方面需要支持，有關國會將要討論的新農業(yè)法案，消費者必須與年輕農民站在一起。由此可知，為了使農場經濟可持續(xù)和公平發(fā)展，農場主需要尋求NYFC以外的支持。DChildrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth，amajorstudywarned.Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年)nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline，oftenthrough“l(fā)ikes”．Somechangetheirbehaviourinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren’sCommissioner(專員)AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks，withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleast13.Theyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand“l(fā)ikes”fortheironlineposts.Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly，andaroundtheclock.Childrenaged8to10were“startingtofeelhappy”whenotherslikedtheirposts.However，thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere“concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts”，suggestinga“need”forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup“worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms，andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia”．Shesaid：“Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool.”Astheirworldexpanded，shesaid，childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas“hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity，intermsoftheirconfidence，butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves”．MissLongfieldadded：“Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline，willyoumisssomething，willyoumissout，willyoushowthatyoudon’tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing，allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce.”“Forchildrenitisvery，verydifficulttocopewithemotionally.”TheChildren’sCommissionerforEngland’sstudy—LifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.However，theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens，theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular，thereportfound.However，theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes，orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人)ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessag