2018年10月口語-群托福aio講義

TOEFL編著：Bobo老師 托福考試概 口語評分標(biāo) 獨(dú)立 一.獨(dú)立題的能力構(gòu) 二.獨(dú)立題文章結(jié)構(gòu)思 一）文章形式分 二）描述、經(jīng)歷類題 三）開放式觀點(diǎn)類題 四）三選一、二選一類題 三.邏輯四大 四.八大萬能理 五.六大高頻話 綜合 Official15精 Official47精 Official49精 Official24精 Official44精 Official10精 Official49精 Official29精 如何利用demo和機(jī) 復(fù)習(xí)規(guī) 發(fā) 附錄：校園場景高頻黃金表 考滿分每年有百萬用戶，每年記錄上億條做題記錄，我們能準(zhǔn)確地通過這些數(shù)據(jù)判斷哪些題是最常出錯的題，這使教學(xué)過程，讓你的備考高能高效，通過階段性目標(biāo)讓有好的慣，成為更優(yōu)秀的自己?？紳M分教如果你一生只有一次華麗變身的機(jī)會，就要用盡全力各位大家好，我是Bobo，有幸成為的托?？谡Z老師。在對有時會導(dǎo)致不進(jìn)則退的局面。所以，掌握技巧是一小方面，供的最高效備考方法，?奮練習(xí)，每個人都有能力創(chuàng)造口語滿分TestNumberof60-804-6lectures,6questions60-90106tasks:2independentand4201integrated2030托福考試中，閱讀和聽力部分的文章數(shù)目和考試時間不確定，是因 ，不要;，最好?SpeakingReadingListeningTask1—2——Task3—Task5——Weak(1-Limited(13-Good(26-

總體陳述印象（表達(dá)能力Delivery）：考生是否能做 。好的表達(dá)應(yīng) 正確 適中 自然語言運(yùn)用(語言能力LanguageUse)：考生是否能有效地使用英 話題發(fā)展（思維能力TopicDevelopment）：考生是否能完成命題所要求的所有任務(wù)， ；想要達(dá)到26+分，發(fā)音需 *語速需要 的語 為 fortunay,詞組>單詞:尤其要注意使用 ”這種詞組，例如：thinkover,addhangin,carryon,calmdown,trade：、 、、、、一.思路框架：day2文章結(jié)構(gòu)思路day2有話可說：day3八大萬能理由day3把話說好：day11高分亮點(diǎn)表達(dá)day12二.一）文章形式分Taskalexperience（描述、經(jīng)歷類Taskal二）描述、經(jīng)歷類題目Preparation 描述事物/記敘事重要性/影SampleQuestion(1/12/2014)：Describeagoodstudyhabityouhavethatisdifferentfromotherstudents.Explainhowthishabithelpedyou.Pleaseincludereasonsanddetailstosupportyourresponse.SampleMystudyhabitsaredifferentthanmost,wellnotmoststudents,butalotofstudents,becausethewayIstudyisthatIoftenliketoreadandrereadSo,ifIdon’tunderstandsomething,IalwaysgobackandIreaditagain,andIreaditagain,untilIunderstanditfully.AndifthatmeansIhavetogototheinternetorabooktolookupforsomedefinitions,Ido.UntilIunderstandthesentencefully,Icanmoveon.IoftenreadachaptermorethanonceifIlikeit,becauseIwanttocompleyinternalizeit.Sothat’sonewaythatIstudyverythoroughly.SomepeoplesayIslower,butIthinkit’s冠詞：a/an,非謂語動詞形式：to ng/提升語法準(zhǔn)確性的方法三）開放式觀點(diǎn)類題目主體段落一（解釋問題、提出建議主體段落二（解決方案、解釋建議SampleTask(2018.1.6上午場Whydoyouthinkit’shardforpeopletosavemoneytoday?Howdopeoplesolvethisproblem?SampleIbelievetherearemanyreasonswhypeoplefinditdifficulttosavemoneyOneofthemainreasonsisthatpeoplehavestrongerpurchasingpowercomparingwithpeopleinthepast.Apparently,therearemanyproductsthatareverytempting,andpeopletendtobuyalotofstufftheydon’tnecessarilyneed.Asaresult,theyareoftendistractedbyuselessgoods.Therefore,Ithinkaneffectivesolutiontowardsthisproblemistoforceyourselftoputacertainamountofmoneyintoyourbankorinvestmentaccountperiodically.Gradually,they’llformagoodhabitofmanagingtheirmoney.Andinthisway,peoplecaneventuallysavemoney.Whatdoyouthinkcanimproveyourlocalcommunityandmakeitabetterplacetolive?(2018.1.27)Yourforeignfrienddecidestotravelinyourcountry,buthedoesn’tknowhowtoplanthetrip.Whatsuggestionsabouttransportationwouldyougivehim?Yourfriendwillmovetoaschoolandworriedaboutmakingnewfriendsthere.Whatkindofadvicewillyougivehimtohelphimmakenewfriendinthenewschool?Why?(2017.5.27)四）三選一、二選一類題三選一SampleTask(2017.7.1):Whichofthefollowingpeoplecangivemostusefulhelpinyourfuturecareerdirection:ChooseoneandexplainSampleAsforme,Ithinkmyfamilymembers,especiallymymother,helpmyfuturecareerpathmost.Firstofall,sheissuchahard-workingwhoalwaysworkstillverylateatnight.Forinstance,sheevenlearnedFrenchwhenshewas40yearsold.Andthisreallygivesmepassionanddeterminationtoworkhardinthefuture.Furthermore,mymomisveryconsiderate.Sheisateacherandalwaysherstudentslikeherownchildren.SoI’mofteninspiredbyherandwanteanexcellentteacherlikeherintheLastbutnotleast,mymomisapositivethatshealwaysseestheglassashalffull,nothalfempty.WheneverIfeelfrustratedordisappointedaboutsomething,Ithinkofmymother.AndthisteachesmetobeoptimisticinmyfuturejobnomatterwhatIdo.二選一SampleTask(2015.10.25)Somepeoplebelievetechnologyhasbroughtpeoplecloserandothersbelievethattechnologyactuallyisolatepeople.Whichonedoyouagreewith?Explainwhy.SampleIallystronglybelievethatmoderntechnologyhasmadepeopleclosertoeachother.Thatisbecausefirstly,withtechnology,peoplecancontacttheirfriendsandfamilymemberswherevertheyareandwhenevertheywant.Forexample,itdoesn’tmatterifI’minChinaortheUS,Icwayssendamessagetomyparentsorevengivethemaphonecall.However,withoutorinternet,IcannotimaginehowIcangetintouchwithmyfamilywhileI’mSecondly,technologyhasalsobroughtpeopletogetherbymakingitpossibleforpeopletomakenewfriendsquickly.Forinstance,ifyoumovetoanewplaceandworryaboutmakingnewfriends,youcandownloadsomeappstolookforpeoplewhosharethesameinterestswithyou.Inthatway,I’msureyouwillmakenewfriendswithinashorterperiodoftime.Butwithoutthoseapps,youmightbeprettylonelyforquiteawhile.三.邏輯第四招 解釋原因：Because/asThereasonwhysince/Due亮明結(jié)果：So/thereforeasaresultthus/inthis具體案例：Forexample/Forinstance/takeasanexample/such對比反方：Onthecontrary/comparativelyspeakinghoweverontheotherWhydoyouthinkit’shardforpeopletosavemoneytodayHowdopeoplesolvethisproblem?(2018.1.6上午場)IbelievetherearemanyreasonswhypeoplefinditdifficulttosaveOneofthemainreasonsisthatpeoplehavestrongerpurchasingpowercomparingwithpeopleinthepast.Apparently,therearemanyproductsthatareverytempting,andpeopletendtobuyalotofstufftheydon’tnecessarilyneed.Asaresult,theyareoftendistractedbyuselessgoods.Therefore,Ithinkaneffectivesolutiontowardsthisproblemistoforceyourselftoputinacertainamountofmoneyintoyourbankorinvestmentaccountperiodically.Gradually,they’llformagoodhabitofmanagingtheirmoney.Andinthisway,peoplecaneventuallysavemoney.ThisisbasicallyhowIthinkpeopleshouldsaveWhichofthefollowingpeoplecangivemostusefulhelpinyourfuturecareerdirection:A.Families;B.Friends;C.Teachers.Chooseoneandexplainwhy.Asforme,myfamilymembershelpmyfuturecareerpathmost,especiallymymother.Firstofall,sheissuchahard-working whoalwaysworkstillverylateatnight.Forinstance,sheevenlearnedFrenchwhenshewas40yearsold.Andthisreallygivesmepassionanddeterminationtoworkhardinthefuture.Furthermore,mymomisveryconsiderate.Sheisateacherandalwaysherstudentslikeherownchildren.SoI’mofteninspiredbyherandwanteanexcellentteacherlikeherintheLastbutnotleast,mymomisapositive thatshealwaysseestheglassashalffull,nothalfempty.WheneverIfeelfrustratedordisappointedaboutsomething,Ithinkofmymother.AndthisteachesmetobeoptimisticinmyfuturejobnomatterwhatIdo.Somepeoplebelievetechnologyhasbroughtpeople closerandothersbelievethattechnologyactuallyisolatepeople.Whichonedoyouagreewith? allystronglybelievethatmoderntechnologyhasmadepeopleclosertoeachother.Thatisbecausefirstlywithtechnology,peoplecancontacttheirfriendsandfamilymemberswherevertheyareandwhenevertheywant.Forexample,itdoesn’tmatterifI’minChinaortheUS,Ic wayssendamessagetomyparentsorevengivethemaphonecall.However,withoutorinternet,IcannotimaginehowIcangetintouchwithmyfamilywhileI’mSecondly,technologyhasalsobroughtpeopletogetherbymakingitpossibleforpeopletomakenewfriendsquickly.Forinstance,ifyoumovetoanewplaceandworryaboutmakingnewfriends,youcandownloadsomeappstolookforpeoplewhosharethesameinterestswithyou.Inthatway,I’msureyouwillmakenewfriendswithinashorterperiodoftime.Butwithoutthoseapps,youmightbeprettylonelyforquiteawhile.四.理由Because:undergreatpressure;exhausted;feelSo:getrelaxed;feelcomfortable;beinagoodmood;getrefreshedandwhenIgobacktostudy,Icanbemoreefficient;releaseorreducepressure理由Gotothegymtoworkout/GetridofdiseasesandGoodrest/sleepbringshigherMentalPhysicalKeep理由Studentsshouldmakemorefriends;notfeelDifferentopinionsands,learnfromeachother,makeanimprovementtogetherMeetnewfriendsontheinternet,socialSometimes,friendshavemoreHavesimilarHavefun/hangoutHelpeach理由Learndifferentdifferentsandviewsofthefoodbroadenknowmoreabouttheoutsideexchangeideasandshare理由SafetyalwayscomesSecurityShouldnottakethe理由Studentsusuallydon’thave e/full-timeTakeapart-timeTakepartinaninternship,ajobrelatedtomyHavestrongerpurchasingpowercomparingwithpeopleinthePayfortheexpensivetuition;payforLearntobefinanciallyHelpparentsshare/easefinancial理由DonotwantotherstohearprivateDon'twantotherstodisturbthepeaceofmyPeopleshouldrespecteachother’sPrivateroom,havemoreDifferentschedule,nightInner理由InlinewithmyownWouldbedifficulttodoagoodjobwithoutinterestorEnjoylife;dosomethingIreallySthisboringandtedious,feelThesourceofenthusiasmandGoodmoodandhigher2018.1.6:Homeschoolingisateachingmethodthatafamilyhiresaprivateteacher/tutortoteachtheirchildrenathome.Doyouagreeordisagreethathomeschoolingshouldbeallowedinyourcountry?2017.2.25:Yourfriendwillmovetoaschoolandworriedaboutmakingnewfriendsthere.Whatkindofadvicewillyougivehimtohelphimmakenewfriendinthenewschool?Why?2017.3.4:Ifyouaretochoosebetweentwoapartmentstoliveinnextsemester,oneapartmentisnearthecampusbutslightlyexpensive,andtheotherisalittlefarfromthecampusbutcheaper,whichonedoyoupreferand2017.4.1:Imaginethatyouhavebeenacceptedbytwodifferentuniversities,oneuniversityiswell-knownforitsexcellentacademicprogram,butit’sexpensive,whileanotherislesswell-know,buthasofferedyouwithscholarshiptopayforyourintuitionfee.Whichuniversitywouldyouprefer,explainwhy.2017.4.15:Somestudentsprefertostudyforexaminthenight.Otherstudentsprefertostudyintheday.Whichdoyouprefer?Explainwhy.五.綠地/環(huán)保的重要性2018.1.27:Whatdoyouthinkcanimproveyourlocalcommunityandmakeitabetterplacetolive?2018.3.10:Acorporationisplanningtobuildafactoryinyourhometown.Itwillprovideconsiderablejobopportunities,butalsobringsomepollution.Wouldyouagreeordisagreewiththisplan?2017.9.9:Ifuniversitiesaregivenfinancialsupporttodevelopresearch,whichfollowingfielddoyouthinkshouldreceivemostfinancialsupport?1.Topredictweathermoreaccuray;2.Tocleanriversandocean;3.Toexploreouterspace2017.8.27:Youruniversityhasacquiredapieceoflandnexttothecampus.Therehavebeenthreeoptionsfortheuseoftheland.Whichdoyouprefer?Why?A.theathleticfacilitiesandstadiums;B.aparkwithnaturetrails;C.centersforstudentsandhoforcampus2017.3.11:Ifyouliveinacrowedcitywithonlyonegreenspace–thecitypark.Theernmentrecentlyproposestobuildahousingcomplexonthisonlygreenspace.Doyouthinkthisisagoodidea?Usespecificdetailsandexamplestoexplainyouridea.2018.1.28:Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingpolicy:professorsshouldnotallowstudentstorecordlecturesinclass.Usespecificdetailsandexamplesinyourresponse.2017.2.25=2017.5.27:Manypeopleprefertoreadbooksinelectronicformatonacomputerscreenorotherdevices.Someotherpeopleprefertoreadbooksonpaperprintedcopies.Whichwaydoyouprefer?Why?2017.4.23:Ifyouhavemoremoney,youwanttospendyourmoneyonobjectslikeclothesandelectronicdevicesorspendyourmoneyonexperience.2017.9.23:Someuniversitiesdonotallowstudentstousetheinternetinlibrariestosendsoraccesstootherentertainmentsiteslikesocialmedia.Theycanonlygoonlinetodoacademic2017.11.11:Yourlocalcommunitycenterwantstoaddsomenewworkshopsorprogramsforchildren.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkwouldbemostbeneficialforchildren’sdevelopment?A.ArtcraftworkshopB.TechnologyworkshopC.Athleticprograms高頻話題三：film/takepics/Whychoosetofilm/takepics/2018.3.11:Whichofthefollowingfunctionsofasmartphonedoyouthinkisthemostbeneficialforstudents'dailylives?1.Playingmusic;2.Takingpictures;3.Recording2018.3.3:Thecampusnewspaperisplanningtoaddanewsection.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkwouldbethebest?1.Film mendation;2.Tipsandadviceaboutstudenttravel;3.Restaurantreview2017.2.26:ThestudentisaskedtowriteafinalprojectaboutthefamousHistoricalcitywhichyou‘relocatedin.Whichonedoyouchoose?1famousbuildings;2interviewseniors;3Researchandwriteapaper2017.4.15:Whichofthefollowingareasofcurrenteventsdoyoumostliketoread?1.Politics;2.Sports;3.Artsandfi2017.10.29:Yourcityplanstobuildanewmuseumtoattractmorevisitors.Whatkindofmuseumdoyouthinkisthebest?A.localmuseumB.modernartandfilmmuseumC.childrensciencemuseum面對面/語音交流面對面/語音交流文字交流文字交流2017.2.26:Somestudentsthinkthattheyaregradedbyparticipatinginclassdiscussion,whileothersthinkthattheyaregradedonlybywrittenwork,suchaspapers.Whichopinionwouldyoupreferandgiveyourreasons.2018.3.25:Whichoneisbettertogetincontactwithpeople,sendmessages/callpeople?2017.10.29:Somepeopleprefertoresolveproblemswithfriendsdirectlyfacetofaceoronthephone.Someothersprefertoresolveproblemsbywriting,orsendingsortestmessages.Whichdoyouprefer?2017.11.4:Whengivingfeedbackstostudents,someteacherswouldliketotalktotheirstudentsin,whileotherteacherswouldgivewrittencommentstostudents.Whichdoyouisbetterandwhy?Howtovs.友情：2018.1.13:Whenyouhavedisagreementwithyourfriendsorfamily,doyouprefertotrytopersuadethemtolistentoyou,oraccepttheirdifferentopinions?2017.1.7:Friendsmaydisagreewitheachother,andstillmaintainfriendship.Doyouwithordisagreewiththisidea,2017.3.4:Talkaboutanargumentthatyouhaveeverhadwithothersanddescribethedetailsofthe.2017.10.21:Recallatimethatyouunintentionallyhurtsomeone’s2018.1.28:Therearemanydifferentexperiencesatschool,whichwerenegativewhenweconfrontedinitially,andgotpositiveafterweexperienced.人物角色/職業(yè)性格特點(diǎn)/品質(zhì)（把以上分論點(diǎn)寫成小段落喲2017.10.28:Ifamayoristobeselectedfromthefollowingcandidates,whoallhavenopoliticalexperiencebutaresuccessfulintheirownfields,whichonedoyouthinkisthebestcandidateforamayor?1.Auniversityprofessor;2.Abusinessman;3.Adoctor2017.11.4:Childrenwouldbehavenegativelybeforetheylearnhowtobehaveappropriay.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorwouldyouconsidertobethemostnegativebehaviorofchildrenandwhy?A.BeingselfishB.BeingimpoliteC.Beingloud2017.12.10:Whatkindofbackgrounddoyouthinkthefuture ernmentleadersshouldhave?A.militarybackground;B.businessbackground;C.lawbackground2018.2.4=2017.7.1:Whichofthefollowingpeopledoyouthinkhasthemostimportantinfluenceonyouintermsof lingrightfromwrong?1.Family;2.Teachers;3.Friends.Pleaseincludespecificdetailsinyouranswer.TaskReadOnePassage:75～100 Listento :2people(amalestudent&afemalestudent), 形式Announcement,Notice內(nèi)容 結(jié)構(gòu) （結(jié)構(gòu) Signal贊同：IcanseewhyIcanunderstandthat…;itmakes：Shocked;Idon’tknowwhy;Idon’tget…;Idon’tunderstand…;Idon’tthinkitshould/would…ridiculous,unnecessary聽力中的結(jié)構(gòu)詞/過渡詞（transitionalwords）：Thefirstthing…;andtheotherthing….Firstly…;Ontheonehand…,ontheotherHowtoTakePreparation30s你應(yīng)該做的是 Theuniversity/studentinthereadingisplanningto (閱讀中的), ,and .Inthedialogue,theman/womanagrees/disagreeswiththeplaninthereadingpassage.Firstofallhe/shethinks （第一個原因Second,he/shecontinuessaying Therefore/inaword/allinall,theman/womandoesn’tagree/agrees（閱讀中的內(nèi)容Official15精講UniversityShouldPaveRunningTheuniversityhasaboutthree ofunpaveddirtrunningtrailsthatpassthroughtheforestnearcampus.Ithinkthesetrailsshouldbepavedwithcement.Onereasonforpavingthetrailswouldbetoincreasetheirsafety.Whenitrains,thedirtturnstomudand esveryslippery,sotherunnerswhousethemcanslipandfall.Pavementwouldsolvethisproblem.Also,pavingwouldmakethetrailslooknicer,whichwouldencouragestudentstousethem.Bumpsinthetrailwouldbesmoothedoutandweedswouldbepavedover,makingthetrailmoreattractivetorunners.SallyJacobsListeningNowlistentotwostudentsdiscussingthe(woman)Hey,Ted,you’rearunner.Didyouseethisletterinthepaper?(man)Yeah,Idid,andIusethose.(woman)(man)Ithinkit’saterribleidea.(woman)Howcome?(man)Well,shereallyhasn'tthoughtitthrough.Like,thethingaboutmakingthemsafer,what’sshe’snotthinkingaboutisthelong-termconsequenceofrunningonahardsurface.(woman)Whatdoyou(man)Imean,it’snotgoodforyou.It’stoohardonyourbonesandjoints.Ifyourunrepeatedlyonhardsurface,itcanleadtoinjuriesor,that’swhatI'vebeentaughtanyway,it’sbettertorunonasoftsurface.Itdoeslessdamagetoyourbody.(woman)Oh,Iwasn’tawareof(man)Yeah,soactuallyitwouldn'tbesafer.Andhersecond(woman)Aboutchangingthewaythey(man)Yeah,Idon’tthinkpeoplewilllikeit.Sothey’dusethem(man)Yeah,Imean,oneofthemainreasonspeopleenjoythemnowwasit’sawayoftakingabreakfromtherestofthecampus,frombuildingsandstreetsandstuff.It’s,youknow,achancelikeyou’reoutinthenature.(woman)Oh,soyouwouldn'tbetthateffect(man)Right!It’dbejustlikeyou’reonaregularstreetorsidewalk.Itwouldn'tbeasrelaxing.Themanexpresseshisopinionabouttheproposalinthestudent’sletter.Brieflysummarizetheproposal.Thenstatetheman’sopinionabouttheproposalandexplainthereasonshegivesforholdingthatopinion.ReadingListeningBobo’sSampleTheuniversityisplanningtopaverunningtrailsoncampus,becausethey’llbesaferforstudentstowalkonandthey’lllookmuchnicer.Inthisdialogue,themanthinkstheuniversityshouldnotdoso.Firstofall,hethinksthatforalongterm,it’snotgoingtobesaferforstudentstorunonthenewlypavedtrails.Inotherwords,itwouldbesomewhatdangerous.Sincethehardsurfaceisbadforpeople’sjointsandbones,it’dactuallycreatemoreinjuries.Secondly,hecontinuessayingthatstudentsactuallywillnotappreciatethenewtrailsanditwon’tlookgoodtotheschool.Apparently,manystudentsusecurrenttrailsbecauseoftheirnaturallook.Theylookexactlydifferentlyfromthenicelybuiltstreetsandbuildings.Studentsliketotakeabreakfromtheirschoolworktorelaxthemselvesonthenaturaltrails.Official47精講

ProfessorTheuniversityrequiresstudentstocompletewrittenevaluationsoftheirprofessorsat ofeachcoursetaughtduringthesemester.Butcurrentsystemisprivate,sinceonlytheprofessorsactuallyreadtheevaluationsoncethestudentsubmitthem.Isuggestthattheuniversitypublishtheseevaluationonlineforeveryonetoread.Bothprofessorsandstudentswouldbenefitfromhavingtheseevaluationpublished.Professorwouldfeelmoremotivatedtoimprovetheirteachingiftheyknewthattheirevaluationswerepubliclyavailabletoallstudents.Inaddition,prospectivestudentscouldreadtheevaluationandmakemoreinformeddecisionsaboutwhichclassestheywanttoChrisJacobsListening<-MALE->Didyousee<-FEMALE->Yeah,butIdon'tthinkit'll<-MALE->Why<-FEMALE->Well,Idon'tthinkprofessorswouldbetoohappytohavetheirteachingstylespubliclycriticized.Besides,theymightnotevenbotherreadingtheonlineevaluations,iftheythinktherewillbenegativecriticisminthem.<-MALE->Youreallythinkthat'll<-FEMALE->Sure.Andsotheprofessorswon'ttakethemseriouslyorbeinfluencedinanyway...Nothing'sgoingtochange.<-MALE->OK.Butatleaststudentswhomighttaketheircoursesinthefuturewillreadthem.<-FEMALE->That'strue.Butstudentswhowritetheevaluationsusuallytonthelastdayofclassandthey'reallinahurrytoleave.Theydon'twanttobotherspendingmuchtimeonthem,sotheydon'tsayanythingspecificorhelpfulabouttheprofessororthecourse.<-MALE->Iseewhatyou<-FEMALE->SothiswholeideamaynotworkatThewomanexpressheropinionabouttheproposalintheletter.Brieflysummarizetheproposal.Thenstatethewoman’sopinionandexplainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.ReadingListeningBobo’sSampleThestudentinthereadingsuggeststhattheschoolshouldaskstudentstoevaluatetheirprofessorsandputtheevaluationsonline,becauseprofessorswillbemotivatedtoimprovetheirteachingqualityandstudentscanchoosecoursesaccordingtotheevaluationresults.Thewomaninthelisteningdoesn’tthinkit’sagoodidea.Firstofall,shethinksthatprofessorswouldnotbehappytoseethemselvescriticizedontheinternet.Theymightnotevenbothertoreadthosenegativecomments.Theyjustwon’ttakethewholethingseriously,eitherwilltheymakeanychangesinthefuture.Secondly,shecontinuessayingthatstudentsusuallydotheevaluationontheirlastdayinschool.Theyoftenarerushedto t.Sotheircommentsarenotgoingtobehelpfultoanyone.Therefore,thewomaninthelisteningdoesn’tthinkTask3TaskReadOnePassage:75～100 Listento :1Professor, 形式內(nèi)容 ,（類似于大學(xué)專業(yè)課教科書的節(jié)選常考學(xué)科a一個教授b.（結(jié)構(gòu) *4個來源（現(xiàn)在時（過去時（過去時和;和?HowtoTakePreparation30s你應(yīng)該做的是 Inthelecture,theprofessorgivesoneexampletoillustrate means/refers Afterall Finally Official49精講

ProceduralThememoriespeopleformwhentheylearnnamesandfactsaredifferentfromthememoriestheyformwhentheylearnhowtoperformatask.Thesememoriesofperformingparticularactionsarecalledproceduralmemories.Proceduralmemoriesarememoriesoftheprocessofperformingataskthateautomaticwithpractice.Onceataskhasbeenpracticed,orrepeatedmanytimes,proceduralmemoriesareestablished.Theseproceduralmemoriesallowpeopletoperformtheactionautomaticallyandtorecallitrelativelyeasilymanyyearslater.ListeningI’veexperiencedthiskindofthingmyself.WhenIwasaboy,Itookguitarlessons.Andinmyfirstlessons,myguitarteacher,sheshowedmehowtoholdaguitarandhowtoplacemyfingersonthestrings.EverydaywhenIgothome,Iwouldplaytheguitarforhours.Andafteracoupleofyearsspendingtimelikethisplayingathome,Icouldjustpickupmyguitarandplaymusicwithoutthinkingaboutit.Butaftercollege,Istoppedplaying.AndforyearsIneverplayedorevenpickeduptheguitar.Thentheotherday,Ifoundmyoldguitar.IwasamazedtodiscoverthatwhenIpickeditup,Iknewhowtoplay,eventhoughIhadn’tplayedinyear.IjustpickeditupandrightawayIfoundthatIstillknewwheretopressmyfingerstoplaytherightnotes.Now,Icouldn’texplaintoyouexactlyhowIwasmovingeachfinger,orexactlywhyIhadtopressthestringatonepointandnotanother.ButIcouldstillplaymyfavoritesongs.ExplainhowtheexamplefromthelectureillustratestheconceptofproceduralBobo’sSampleProceduralmemoryisaspecificmemoryofhowtolearnanewtask.Afterpracticingsomethingmanytimes,peoplewillneverforgethowto t,anditesasortofpermanentInthelisteningportion,theprofessorsaysthatheusedtoplayguitarwhenhewasveryyoung.Duringhisfirstlessons,histeachertaughthimhowtoplacehisfingersandhowtoholdaguitar.Afterafewyears,heplayedeverydayathomeformanyhours.Butaftercollege,hedidn’tplayitforalongtime.Thentheotherday,hepickeduptheguitarandhetriedplayingitagain.Surprisinglyhestillknewhowtoplayguitarinaperfectway.Althoughhecouldn’texplainhoworwhyhecouldplayit,hestillcanplayhisfavoriteThisshowshowproceduralmemoryOfficial24精講

FlagshipEnvironmentalorganizationsworktoprotectplantsandanimalswhosenaturalhabitatsarethreatenedbyhumanactivity.Onewaytheydothisisbyselectingaparticularspeciestorepresentthethreatenedhabitattothegeneralpublic.Thisspecies,calledaflagshipspecies,isonethatpeoplearelikelytofindattractiveandinteresting.Theflagshipspeciesisusedtoraisepublicawarenessandmotivatepeopletotakeactiontoprotectthethreatenedhabitat.People'ssupportoftheflagshipspeciesresultsinprotectionforalltheplantandanimalspecieslivinginthethreatenedarea.ListeningSooneexampleofthisisthemacaw,theGreatGreenMacaw.NowtheGreatGreenMacawisabeautifulbird,afairlylarge-sizedparrotknownforitscolorfulfeathers–gorgeousgreenfeathers,withsomeredandbluefeatherstoo.ThemacawlivesintheSouthAmericanrainforest,inapartoftherainforestwherealotoftreeshadbeencutdown-treesthatthemacawreliesonforitsfoodandnesting.Sothemacawwasintrouble.And,ofcourse,alongwiththetrees,alotofotheranimalswereintroubletoo–lotsofbirds,bats,andalsolivedinthesetrees.Sowhenthetreeswerecutdownandclearedaway,theseanimalsalsodidn'thaveaplacetoliveanymore,andtheirpopulationsdrasticallydeclined.Sowh oncernedgroupofpeopleintheareadidwastheystartedspreadingthewordabouthowthemacaw–youknow,thisreallybeautifulbird-neededhelp.Theymadelittlebookswithinformationaboutthemacaw,withpictures,full-coloredpicturesofthemacawthatshowedoffitsbeautifulfeathers.Andtheypassedouttheselittlebooks,theseinformationalbrochures.Theydistributedthemtopeopleinschoolsandcommunitycentersinthearea.Andalotofpeopleresponded.Theycontributedmoneyandhelpedthegroupsetupsomeprotectedland–aspecialareawherenoonecouldcutdownthetrees,sothemacawwouldbesafe.Andthemacaw'spopulationstartedtoincrease,andotherbirdsandbatsandcamebacktotheareatoo.Theirnumbersincreased,alongwiththetrees.Usingtheexampleofthemacawfromthelecture,explaintheconceptofaflagshipspecies.Reading——Listening;;Bobo’sSampleFlagshipspeciesreferstotheparticularspeciesthatpeopleselecttorepresenttheirthreatenedhabitat.Forexample,Macawisabeautifulparrotwithgreenfeathers.Theyliveinrainforest,whosetreeswereunfortunaycutdowninrecentyears.SoMacawwasintrouble.Also,birds,bats,andinthesameareahadnoplacetolive.TheMacawpopulationdeclined.ThensomepeoplefoundoutthisproblemandspreadthewordbymakingbookswithMacaw’sinformationandpicturesinthem.Theypassedthebrochurestolocalschoolsandcommunities.AndtheyalsoraisedmoneytobuildspecialareasforMacawstolive.Finally,Macawshadnewsafehabitatstoliveandtheirpopulationincreased.Task4TaskListento :2people(aman&awoman),60-90 形式：2人；此題的主角不是固定的，方案來源不確b.（結(jié)構(gòu) *五大?？?“助聽?”——HowtoTakeThewoman/maninthisconversationexpressesher/hisproblem .Thefirstsolutionisthathe/she .Second,she/he . ally,Ithinkthe1st/2ndsuggestionisbetter,because (R1+/R2+). (R2-/R1 (自己解釋Official44精講ListeningMan:Hey,didn'tyougetthenewroommaterecently?Lindaishername,How'sthatworkingWoman:Oh,Lindaisnice,butwell,there’ssortofaproblemMan:Woman:Yeah,ourschedulesaretotally.I'dliketodomystudyinglateatnightinourroom,butshelikestogotosleepea