四級(jí)系列講座之寫作課件

第四講寫作﹝一﹞關(guān)于CET4作文作文分?jǐn)?shù)為142分，占總分的15%。要求在30分鐘之內(nèi)寫出一篇120詞左右的短文。作文體裁包括：議論文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等。﹝二﹞歷年真題2006.6.OnStudents’SelectingLecturers（論說文）2006.12.SpringFestivalGalaonTV(論說文)2007.6.Welcometoourclub（應(yīng)用文）2007.12.WhatElectivestoChoose（論說文）2008.6.RecreationalActivities(論說文)2008.12.LimitingtheUseofDisposalBags（論說文）2009.6.FreeAdmissiontoMuseums（論說文）2009.12.Create

a

Green

Campus(論說文)2010.6DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling（論說文）2011.6OnlineShopping（論說文）2011.12NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill（論說文）評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：本題滿分為15分.共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。

2-4分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或在部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

5-7分基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。8-10分基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)，多其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。11-13分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯(cuò)誤。

14-15分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好?；旧蠠o語言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)誤注：1.白卷，作文與題目毫不相關(guān)，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞而無法表達(dá)思想，則給0分。2.如題目中給出主題句，起始句，結(jié)束句，均不得計(jì)入所寫字?jǐn)?shù)3.只寫一段者：0~4分；只寫兩段者：0~9分（指規(guī)定三段的作文）]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句式用詞字?jǐn)?shù)總體評(píng)價(jià)

14大量復(fù)合句較少簡(jiǎn)單句準(zhǔn)確且很多非常用詞匯超過150字十全十美，花團(tuán)錦簇

11一些復(fù)合句較多簡(jiǎn)單句比較準(zhǔn)確且有一些非常用詞匯多數(shù)超過150字清清楚楚，稍有不足

8個(gè)別復(fù)合句大量簡(jiǎn)單句一些殘缺句不十分準(zhǔn)確較少非常用詞匯多數(shù)在100至130之間馬馬虎虎，對(duì)付對(duì)付

5基本全部簡(jiǎn)單句，大量殘缺句不準(zhǔn)確或基本詞匯多數(shù)少于100字云山霧罩，稀里糊涂

2基本句句支離破碎最基本詞匯且許多拼寫錯(cuò)誤多數(shù)少于80字亂七八糟，慘不忍睹﹝四﹞評(píng)卷人的興奮點(diǎn)與盲區(qū)在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)評(píng)閱大量平均水平低下的四級(jí)作文，評(píng)卷人注定會(huì)產(chǎn)生厭倦感及疲勞感，這兩種感覺夾擊累計(jì)，就又會(huì)產(chǎn)生憤怒的情緒。實(shí)際上閱卷人腦子里牢牢地嵌著一些框框，他們可以在極快的時(shí)間里將你的文章往框里套，再根據(jù)套入框中的采分點(diǎn)的數(shù)目下意識(shí)地給出一個(gè)分。所以，這就要求我們使行文如箭，準(zhǔn)確射中閱卷人要害。這就是接下來我們要說的閱卷人的興奮點(diǎn)與盲區(qū)。印象原則：書寫工整、卷面整潔、字跡清晰語言第一位、結(jié)構(gòu)第二位、內(nèi)容第三位：內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單化結(jié)構(gòu)模式化（主題句-分論點(diǎn)-總結(jié)）語言要包裝錯(cuò)誤要回避

段首句要強(qiáng)悍﹝六﹞存在問題1.內(nèi)容貧乏，知識(shí)面窄，想象不豐富。

2.文章結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂，句與句之間、段與段之間缺乏邏輯關(guān)系，中心不突出。

3.語言不地道，文章中滿是漢語式、翻譯式的句子，且句型單調(diào)。

4.語言貧乏，缺乏美感，沒有吸引力。

第二.詞匯量太小，且對(duì)已學(xué)詞匯記憶不清。除了底子太薄這個(gè)歷史原因之外，學(xué)生詞匯量太小也是一個(gè)不容忽視的原因。有的學(xué)生漢語功底很好，用漢語作文，他們就會(huì)思如泉涌，下筆千言，但是一到用英語作文就好像被縛住了手腳，不知如何下手。第三.缺乏思想，深度不夠。很多學(xué)生雖然已是大二的學(xué)生，甚至是大三大四的學(xué)生，但是他們?cè)谧魑漠?dāng)中所表現(xiàn)出的智力水平與閱歷似乎只相當(dāng)于一個(gè)初高中生。寫出的文章著眼點(diǎn)低，視野狹窄。第四.缺乏應(yīng)試技巧。主要表現(xiàn)為有些學(xué)生在篇首或篇尾有喊口號(hào)傾向（如DearFriends,let's…）,或畫蛇添足,本來文章該結(jié)束了卻偏要羅羅嗦嗦再來兩句多余的話；另外一些學(xué)生字?jǐn)?shù)把握不準(zhǔn)，不是寫得太短就是寫得太長，寫得太短的會(huì)因?yàn)樽謹(jǐn)?shù)不夠而失分，太長的又因?yàn)殚喚砝蠋熑蝿?wù)繁重，時(shí)間窘迫，不能因?yàn)橐黄恼聛y了整個(gè)閱卷節(jié)奏。還有一些學(xué)生的筆跡（尤其是用純藍(lán)墨水鋼筆和出水太淺的圓珠筆寫的），讓閱卷老師怎么也看不清楚。﹝八﹞四級(jí)作文經(jīng)常使用的句型用于句首提出論題或現(xiàn)象的句型1.Recently，…h(huán)asbecomethefocusofthesociety.2.…h(huán)asbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife.3.Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernfor…4.Nowadaysitiscommontosee/hear…5.…h(huán)asbecomeacommonoccuranceinourdailylife.6.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtobeawareoftheseriousnessof…7.Itisonlyduringthelast/pastfewdecadesthatmanhasbecomegenerallyawarethat…8.Thereisanold/popularsaying/proverbwhichsays/goes…9.Inrecentyears,thereisageneraltendency…10.Nowadays…h(huán)asbecomeaproblemwehavetoface用于比較、闡述不同觀點(diǎn)的常用句型1.Somepeoplelike/prefer…whileothersare/feelinclinedto…2.Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto…3.Somepeopleclaimthat…issuperiorto…Others,however,disagreewithit.4.Somepeoplebelieve…Othersmaintain…Stillothersclaim…5.Somepeoplesuggest…Others,however,holdtheoppositeoppinion.6.Ontheonehand,peopletendto…Ontheotherhand,theyfeel…7.Somepeoplearguethat…Others,incontrast,believethat…8.Althoughmoreandmorepeoplecometobelieve…therearestillotherswhoinsistthat…9.Onthecontrary,therearepeopleinfavorof…10.Therearesomepeoplewhoholddifferentopinionsabout…用于結(jié)尾的常用句型1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussed/mentionedabove,wemayconcludethat…2.therefore,itisnotdifficulttodraw/cometotheconclusionthat…3.Itishightimethatsomethingwasdoneabout…4.Fromallthereasons/considerationabove,itisevident/obviousthat…5.Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemayreachtheconclusionthat…6.Giventhereasons/considerationIhavejustoutlined/discussed/presented,Istronglyrecommendthat…7.Itisclear,therefore,that…8.Allinall,whatreallymattersis,infact,to…9.Itisessentialthateffectivemeasurebetakento…10.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthat…11.Judgingbythefigures/statistics,itisnotdifficulttoseethat…12.Onlyinthisway/indoingso,canthisbereally/fully…﹝九﹞命題形式提綱作文提綱作文實(shí)質(zhì)上是議論文，其下可分為四種類型：對(duì)比選擇型現(xiàn)象闡釋型原因解釋型問題解決型真題分析2006年1月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.名校校園正成為旅游新熱點(diǎn)2.校園是否對(duì)游客開放，人們看法不同3.我認(rèn)為….【范文】ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?

(1)Nowadays,manywell-knownuniversitycampusesinChinahavebecomepopulartourist

attractions.Duringholidays,largenumbersoftouristscanbeseenonuniversitycampuses,particularly,PekingUniversityandTsingHuaUniversity.(1)開篇自然，引出焦點(diǎn)問題(4)AsfarasIamconcerned,universitycampusesshouldnotbeopenforprofitastouristattractions,becauseitisaplaceforstudyandresearch,notfortourism.Itspurityandbeautywillbedestroyedifitbecomesaprofitableorganization.(4)However,Ithinkuniversityisapropertyforthewholesocietysothatitcanbeopentoindividualvisitorssolongasthevisitdoesnotdisturbitsorder.(4)表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，because原因狀語從句引出理由；sothat,solongas的使用使句式更為多樣參考模板【模板一】

Recently,___________hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-daylife.﹙進(jìn)一步說明這種現(xiàn)象的普遍性﹚

Somepeoplethinkthat

.Theyholdthisopinionbecause(they

think)

.Others,however,takeanegative/positiveattitudeto

.(Others,nevertheless,aremorepessimistic/optimisticaboutit).Fromtheirpointofview,

.Besides,

.

Inmyopinion/Personally/Frommypointview/Ifaskedmyattitude,Iammoreinfavorof.Istandin/holdthisattitude/opinion/viewbecause.It’struethat

,butitdoesn’tmeanthat

.Therefore/Inaword/Inshort,

.Instead,weshould

.參考模板【模板二】

Nowadays,whereveryougo,youwillhearpeopletalkabout

.Whetheryoulikeitornot,ithadbecomeapartofourlife.Generally,itisbelievedthatthereareseveraladvantageswith

.Firstly,

.What’smore

.Buteverycoinhastwosides,and

isnoexception.Therearealsosomedisadvantageswith

.Tobeginwith

.Beside,

.Andmostimportantofall,

.Butallinall,

.Therefore,weshould

.exhausttheirearningseverymonthwithoutanysavings

fashionablelifestyle

consumptionstyle

/habitenjoylifeandhaveahigherlifequality

unhealthy

andwastefulincaseofunexpectedexpensesandemergencyfuturesavingtemporarysatisfactiontorepairthehousebeforeitrains特點(diǎn)及寫作要求現(xiàn)象闡釋型的作文通常先指明一種現(xiàn)象或提出一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解釋，最后得出結(jié)論或發(fā)表個(gè)人見解。寫作流程第一段：簡(jiǎn)要描述某一現(xiàn)象或某一觀點(diǎn)。第二段：具體闡釋現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)的正確性或危害性等。第三段：表明自己的態(tài)度或看法。或者第一段：簡(jiǎn)單描述某一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)。第二段：具體闡述引起這種現(xiàn)象的或持有這種觀點(diǎn)考慮的主要因素。第三段：對(duì)現(xiàn)象或者觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。2.現(xiàn)象闡述型真題分析2006年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicof

StudentsSelectingTheirLecturers.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.有些大學(xué)允許學(xué)生自主選擇某些課程的任課老師2.學(xué)生選擇老師時(shí)所考慮的主要因素3.學(xué)生自選任課教師的益處和可能產(chǎn)生的問題【范文】OnStudentsSelectingLecturers

(1)Atpresent,insomecollegesanduniversities,studentsareallowedtoselectlecturesontheirown.(2)Itmaysomedaybecomethemaintrendwhenpeoplegivemoreprioritytoacademicfreedom.(3)Studentswouldtakethreemajorelementsintoconsiderationwhenmakingselections.(4)Firstofall,theywilltakelecturers’teachingstylesintoaccount.Teachingstylestostudents’tastewouldhelpthemlearnmoreefficiently.(4)Moreover,moststudentstendtochooselecturerswithmoreexperience,becausesuchteacherstendtoknowmoreabouthowtostimulateandinspirestudentsandwillhelpthemmastertheirsubjectswithmoreease.(4)Last,studentsalsoputemphasisonthelecturers’academicbackground.Fromtheirperspective,teacherswithhigheracademicdegreesmayprovidemoreenlighteningsuggestions.(1)開門見山，直擊主題(2)提出該現(xiàn)象的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)(3)揭示學(xué)生選任課老師的考慮因素(4)論述有力有序，更具說服力

(5)Everythinghasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects,andstudents’selectinglecturesisofnoexception.(6)Itencouragesstudentstobeactivelyinvolvedintheteachingprocess,andatthemeantime,spursteacherstoimprovetheirteachingquality.(6)However,itispossiblethatsomestudentswouldchooselecturesblindlywithoutdueguidance.Anditisnotuncommonthatsometeachersemploysomeabnormaldevicestoattractmorestudents,suchaspromisinghighermarksormore“freedom”ofattendance.(5)承上啟下，引出益處和問題(6)分別論述益處和問題，有條理：動(dòng)詞encourage和spur引出兩大益處；however引出問題所在真題分析2002年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.當(dāng)前社會(huì)上存在許多不誠實(shí)的現(xiàn)象2.誠實(shí)利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠實(shí)

(1)Whatishonesty?Honestymeansspeakingthetruthandbeingfairanduprightinact.(2)Regardedasavirtue,itisadmiredineverycountryandeveryculture.(2)Theonewholiesandcheatsisdishonest.Dishonestyisgenerallylookeduponasanevil,andisdespisedandcondemnedbyeveryone.

(3)Fromthemassmediaandalsowithourowneyes,weknowthatdishonestbehaviorexistsinoursociety.Forexample,studentscopyoneanother’shomeworkordownloadillicitpaperfromInternettocheattheirteachers;businessmensellfakeproductstocheattheircustomers;andevenworsetherearemedicalpersonswhoproducefakemedicineharmingthepatients.(1)一問一答得出honesty的定義，點(diǎn)題(2)從正反兩方面進(jìn)一步闡述文章主題(3)舉例說明社會(huì)上存在的一些不誠實(shí)行為【范文】ItPaystoBeHonest

(4)However,thosepeoplemaysucceedforatime,butsoonerorlater,theywillbringthemnothingbuttroubles.(5)AsanEnglishproverbgoes,“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”(5)Foronething,ifyouwanttobetrustedandrespectedbyyourfriends,youmustbehonest.Aliarisalwayslookeddownuponandavoidedbythepeoplearoundhim.(5)Foranother,ifyouwanttosucceedinyourwork,thefirstqualificationyoushouldhaveishonesty.(6)Therefore,whateveryouraimis,youmustworkhonestlytoattainit.(4)通過however一詞轉(zhuǎn)折引入文章主題“為什么做人應(yīng)該誠實(shí)”(5)以一句名諺語及foronething,foranother兩個(gè)短語說明原因(6)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化主題，即不論要達(dá)到什么目的，必須通過誠實(shí)的方法獲得參考模板【模板一】

Atpresent/Inrecentyears/Nowadays,

(描寫現(xiàn)狀或趨勢(shì)).Itmaysomedaybecomethemaintrendwhen

(進(jìn)一步描述這一現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)).

Threemajorelements/factorswouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhen

(doingsth.).Firstofall,

(主要因素1).Moreover,

(主要因素2).Last,

(主要因素3).Fromtheirperspective,

.Everythinghasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects,and

(這種現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn))isofnoexception.

(這種現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)的正確性).However,

(這種觀點(diǎn)或現(xiàn)象的危害性).參考模板【模板二】Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplevoicegrowingconcernover…(描述現(xiàn)象).

(我的看法，或支持，或反對(duì)，或分兩方面論述).Inmymind,Iwelcomethispracticewithapplause/Personally,Ithinkthisquestionshouldbeprobedindepth/Ifirmlybelieve.../althoughitiswidelyaccepted,Iholdaoppositeopinionthat…(簡(jiǎn)要重申理由，再次表明自己的看法)Allinall,wecansafelycometotheconclusionthat…/fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecanseeclearlythat…實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練MyViewonDoubleBADegree1.現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生讀雙學(xué)位的現(xiàn)象很常見2.我對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法tohavetwomajorsatthesametimefavorable

practiceonthewholestandabetterchanceinthejobmarketfulloffiercecompetitionencouragestudentstoworkharderandmoreefficientlycultivateaninterestinothersubjectsbesidestheirmajorbeneficialandrewardingpreparesstudentsforthecomingcompetitiontrainningcompoundtalents(1)特點(diǎn)及寫作要求原因解釋型作文的重點(diǎn)在于探討產(chǎn)生某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或問題的原因。近十年來，原因闡釋型議論文在四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的并不多。(2)寫作流程第一段：對(duì)某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行描述。第二段：闡釋產(chǎn)生這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的原因。第三段：發(fā)表個(gè)人看法，或提出解決思路。原因解釋型真題分析2010年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDueAttentionShouldBeGiven.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因是。。。3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為。。。InlearningEnglish,spellingreceivestheleastattentionamongquiteafewstudentsnowadays.Thereasonsaresimplebutthougt-provoking.Toppingthelististheprevailinguseofcomputerstohandleourdailypaperwork.Sincemanywordprocessingsoftwarsarebecomingincreasinglypowerfultocorrectalmostallspellingmistake,wetendtoneglecttheexactspellingofmanywords.besides,somepeopleholdthenotionthataslongasoneisabletocommunicateinEnglish,itisnotatallimportantwhetherhecanspellthewordsheusesornot.Lastbutnotleast,ourexamsdonottestspellingssomuchastheyusedto,shiftingstudents’attentiontootheraspectsofenglishacquisition.Therefore,inordertochangethesituation,studentsshouldbeencouragedtodependlessonautomaticspelling-checksoftwares.Atthesametime,teachersshouldhighlighttheimportanceofcorrectspelling,which,toacertainextent,indicatedthedegreeofenglishlevel.參考模板【模板一】

Nowadays,weoftenhearthat

（提出現(xiàn)象）.Thisphenomenonisnotaccidental,andthereissocialandindividualbackground.

Why

?Foronething,

（原因1）.

Foranother,

（原因2）.Forinstance,

（舉例說明）.Fromthat,we

.

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreethat

.Ithinkthat

（作者本人的觀點(diǎn)）.

.第三段或?yàn)椋?/p>

Weshouldtakemeasuresto

.First,

（措施1）.Second,

（措施2）.Finally,

（措施3）.參考模板【模板二】

Asisknowntoall,_________.PeopleseemtogetAccustomedto_________.Infact,_____________.

Thereasonliesinseveralaspects.Firstly,______.Secondly,___________.Thirdly,_______________.Finally,________.

Asamatteroffact,_________.Ontheonehand,___________.Ontheotherhand,______________.Therefore,____________.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練CrazeforthePreservationofTraditionalChineseMedicine1.中醫(yī)養(yǎng)生熱在社會(huì)上興起2.產(chǎn)生這一現(xiàn)象的原因3.我們?cè)撊绾慰创@一現(xiàn)象facehugepressureinstudy,workanddailylifesub-healthmedicalinsuranceItisoftenexpensivetoseeadoctorina

hospitalwaitforalongtime(1)特點(diǎn)及寫作要求問題解決型的作文通常先說明情況，提出問題，隨后提出解決方法或處理方式，最后給予評(píng)價(jià)。(2)寫作流程第一段：描述現(xiàn)狀、形勢(shì)、提出問題。第二段：提出解決問題的方法。第三段：簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)提及的方法，或選擇其中一、兩種自己認(rèn)為合適的方法并說明理由。問題解決型(3)真題分析2000年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.面試在求職過程中的作用2.取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識(shí)、自信、實(shí)事求是……【范文】HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview

(1)Nowadays,greatimportancehasbeenattachedtointerviewsbyboththeemployerandthejob-hunter.(2)Ontheonehand,theinterviewercantakeadvantageoftheoccasiontolearnaboutthecandidates,suchastheirworkexperience,educationandtheirpersonalities,soastopickouttherightperson.(2)Ontheotherhand,theintervieweecanmakeuseoftheopportunitytoknowthejob,includingsalary,workingconditionsandopportunitiesforfuturedevelopment.

(3)Therefore,thejobinterviewisveryimportanttoajob-hunter.Buthowcanwesucceedinit?

(4)Firstly,dressproperlyandneatlysincethefirstimpressionisoneofthekeystosuccess.(4)Secondly，behavepolitelyandconfidently.Don’tbetooproud,andneithertooshy.Showyourexpertiseandabilitiestotheemployerwithrespectandconfidence.(4)Lastbutnottheleast,theintervieweeoughttobehonestabouthisorherpersonalaswellasacademicbackground,forhonestyisthebestpolicy.(1)提出問題，點(diǎn)題，指出面試的重要性(2)從interviewer與interviewee兩方面闡述面試在求職過程中的作用，為引出文章主題做鋪墊(4)分層次解釋取得面試成功的三大因素，“l(fā)astbutnottheleast”意為“最后，但同樣重要的是”(3)Therefore承上啟下，but提出主題【范文】HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview

(5)Tosumup,thejobinterviewisreallyimportant,butthereisnoneedtobenervous.(5)Aslongasyouhavetheabilityforthejobandputtheaboveprinciplesintopractice,youwillmostprobablysucceedinit.(5)“tosumup”引出總結(jié)，“aslongas”句型引出建議，語言簡(jiǎn)練，連接緊湊(4)參考模板【模板一】

Nowadays,greatimportancehasbeenattachedto

（目前的現(xiàn)象及存在的問題）.Manywayscancontributeto

(要解決的問題),butthefollowingonesmaybeeffective.

Firstofall,

（方法1）.Besides,

（方法2）.Finally,

（方法3）.

Inconclusion/Tosumup,thewaysIhavementionedaboveshouldneverbeseparatedfromeachother.

（希望）.1)Transitionalphrasesforspatialdevelopment:aboveacrossfromadjacenttoalsoupunderbeforemebelowbeyondfurtherdownaroundhereinthedistancenearbynexttoclosetoneartoontheleftontherightoppositetoontopofbeneathover2)Transitionalphrasesforchronologicaldevelopment:first,second,hemeantimeatthesametimeafteranintervalpresentlysomewhatlatersoonthennextnowlaterfinallyeventuallythereuponthereafterafterafterwardatlast3)Transitionalphrasesforlisting:First,second,third,lastFirstly,secondly,thirdly,finally;Thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast;Inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly;Tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally;Tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally;Firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleastMostimportantofall,moreover,finally;Ontheonehand,ontheotherhandForonething,foranotherthing4)Transitionalphrasesforcomparisons:anotherequallyimportantsimilarlyinadditiontojustas…sointhesamemanneratthesametimelike,likewiseinthesameway5)Transitionalphrasesforcontrasts:onthecontraryontheotherhanddespiteyet,butunlikenotonly…butalsoyearsago…todaytheformer…thelatterthefirst…whereasthesecondontheonehand…ontheotherdifferentfromincontrasttoinspiteofwhereasneverthelesshere…therethis…thatthen…nowsome…othersonce…now6)Transitionalphrasesforsummary:inawordinbriefinconclusioninsummaryinshortonthewholefinallyatlasttosumuptoconclude7)Transitionalphrasesforresult:thussoconsequentlyhencethereforeaccordinglyasaresultasaconsequenceonthataccountitturnsout8)Transitionalphrasesforemphasis:chieflyespeciallyindeedinfactcertainlyparticularlyactuallyaboveall9)Transitionalphrasesforconcession:stillyetclearlyafterallthoughalthoughneverthelesseventhoughinspiteof

常用句型

由while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonopportunity.Somepeoplethinkthattherearefewopportunitiesintheworld.Whileothersarguethatargueeverybodywillhavesomekindofopportunityalonghisliferoute.Thosewho……句型Thosewho

areinfavoroftheInternetclaimthatithasalotofadvantages.倒裝句Onlyifwegetpreparedcanweseizetheopportunitiesinsteadoflettingthemslipby.Onlyinthiswaycan

wemasterthewritingskillsstepbystep.(4)參考模板【模板二】

Withthe______of______,____________.Soit’sofgreatimportanceforusto__________.Ontheonehand,________.Ontheotherhand,_____________.

However,wehavefigureoutmanywaysto/Asisknowntoall,therearemanyways_______.Firstly,_______________.Solongas______________.Secondly,___________.Thirdly,_____________.

Infact/Soit’shightimeforusto,______.Thatisbecause_____.Inaword,______________.強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itisnottheyearsinyourlife,but

thelifeinyouryears

thatcounts.反問句Iflifeisajourney,wehavenothingtoregretsolongasweputmeaningintoit.Sowhynotmakeachange?狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句Failureissuchacommonmatterthateveryoneofusmaymeetitfromtimetotime.讓步狀語從句Althoughwehavetalkedaboutitoverandagain,Ithinkitisnecessarytobearitinourmindasarule.Nomatterhowresponsibletheteachersareandhowfriendlytheclassmatesare,youcanonlydependonyourselfonceyoustepintotheexaminationroom.平行句Agoodteachercanbringstudentshope,dreamanddetermination.Ifyouhaveonlyhadwonderfulthingshappentoyou,howcanyoubecomebrave?Ifyoucanonlyembracesuccessandwillneveracceptfailure,howcanyoubecomemature?That引導(dǎo)的名詞從句功能：它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介賓.that無具體含義，只有語法功能,有時(shí)可省,有時(shí)不可省.

句型：It+be+adj./N./NP/V/V-ed+that…Eg.

Itisobviousthatmoneydoesnotgrowontrees.

Itiscommonknowledge(that)theearthgoesroundthesun.Itseems/happens/occurstomethat…Itisbelievedthat…

That引導(dǎo)的主語從句句型

It+be+N.that…eg.Itisafactthat…=事實(shí)是Itiscommonknowledgethat…=…是常識(shí)Itisaquestionthat…=…是個(gè)問題Itisapitythat…=可惜的是…Itisanhonorthat…=…非常榮幸Itisashamethat…=…真是可恥Itisawonderthat..=…真是奇跡

It+be+adj.+that…Itiscertainthat…=誠然…Itisstrangethat…=…很奇怪,奇怪的是…Itisclear/evident/obviousthat…=很清楚,很顯然…Itis(un)likely/probablethat=很可能…Itisbetterthat…=最好…Itisnaturalthat…=很自然…Itisessentialthat…=…很必要It+be+V-edthat…

Itissaid/reported/estimated/believed/suggested+that…Ithasbeenprovedthat…=已經(jīng)證明…Itmustbepointedthat…=必須指出…Itisdemandedthat…=按要求…以上句型在表示建議、要求、命令等意思時(shí)，從句要用虛擬，即(should+)VIt+Vi+that…Itseemsthat…=好象是…Ithappened/happensthat…=碰巧…Itfollowedthat…=由此可見…Itmattersthat…=要緊的是…(=Whatmattersisthat…notthat…)Itoccurredtomethat…=我想到…Itstruckmethat…=我突然想到…四級(jí)作文諺語儲(chǔ)備：

1.

Betterlatethannever.亡羊補(bǔ)牢，猶為未晚。2．Wellbeginishalfdone.好的開端是成功的一半。3．Pridewillhaveafall.驕者必?cái)　?．Anidleyouth,aneedyage.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。5Nocompetition,noprogress.沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，就沒有進(jìn)步。6．Amissisasgoodasamile.差之毫厘，失之千里。7．Actionspeaklouderthanwords.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。8．Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。9．Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行。10．Allthatglittersisnotgold.閃光的未必都是金子。11.Liveandlearn.活到老學(xué)到老。12．Opportunityseldomknockstwice.機(jī)不可失，失不再來。13．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.條條大路通羅馬。14．Hewhohasknowledgehasdignityandglory.擁有知識(shí)，就擁有尊嚴(yán)與榮耀。15．Everymanhashisfaults.人無完人。16．Beautyisbutskin-deep.人不在外表。17．Hewholaughsbestwholaughslast.誰笑到最后，誰笑得最甜。18．Helivesunsafelythatlookstoonearnothings.人無遠(yuǎn)慮，必有近憂。19．Afamedpersonandafattenedpigarealikeinganger.人怕出名豬怕壯。20.Thehighesttowerbeginfromtheground.萬丈高樓平地起。

21．Anemptysackcannotstandupright.有理走遍天下，無理寸步難行。22．Hewhowouldsearchpearlsdivebelow.不潛深水不得珠。23．Constantdroppingwearsawayastone.滴水石穿。24．Failureteachessuccess.失敗乃成功之母。25.Oncebitten,twiceshy.吃一塹長一智。25.Manyalittlemakesamickle.涓涓細(xì)流匯成江河。26.Diamondcutsdiamond.強(qiáng)中自有強(qiáng)中手。27．Graspall,loseall.貪多必失。28．Atroublesharedisatroublehalved.兩人分擔(dān),困難減半.29.Successbelongstothepreserving.勝利屬于有毅力者.30.Striketheironwhileitishot.打鐵要趁熱.

高分作文經(jīng)典結(jié)構(gòu)1.適當(dāng)用被動(dòng)替換主動(dòng)，這樣能更客觀的反映事實(shí),句子開頭不要總是用we/I(比如寫結(jié)尾時(shí)不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)舉個(gè)經(jīng)典結(jié)尾2004年六月六級(jí)作文的最后一段：Itis,therefore,hightimethatsomeapplicableapproacheswereimplementedbytheserviceindustrylikethat.Bydoingso，itscompetitiveedgewillbesharpenedeffectively.

2.善于使用插入語，比如說把副詞、連接詞等，作插入語放在中間，一般放在主語、動(dòng)詞或者助動(dòng)詞后，兩邊分別加上逗號(hào)。

如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入語放在中間，一般放在動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞后，兩邊分別加上逗號(hào)。

比如說：Otherind