2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語一真題

2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語一真題（總分：14.75,做題時間：180分鐘）一、SectionIUseofEnglish（總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiologyMwas_[Al] aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe [A2] tointel1igenceinanimals. [A3] plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat[A4]consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit_[A5]sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called [A6] ofplants*intel1igenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave[A7]thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,[A8]“aplantnervoussystem,[A9]tothatinanimals,wsaidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,**They[A10]_claimedthatplantshave*brain-likecommandcenters*attheirroottips.”This [A12] makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,[A12]ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.[A13],thesignalinginaplantisonly[A14]similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,“Taizsaid.“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold [A15] ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,"he_ [A16] ."Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the[Al7]thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan'trunawayfrom[A18],soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich[A19]athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery[A20]evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.95）.[Al] （分?jǐn)?shù)：LOO）A.coinedVB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。分號提示分號前后語義一致。根據(jù)分號前的first（首次）和tookroot（生根）可知，plantshavesomedegreeofconsciousness（植物有某種程度的意識）在當(dāng)時是種新思想。據(jù)此推斷，theterm“plantneurobiologyw是個新概念。A項coined表示“創(chuàng)造（新詞語）”,代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為A項。.[A2] （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）A.attributedB.directedC.comparedJD.confined解析：固定搭配題。分號提示分號前后語義一致。根據(jù)分號前plantshavesomedegreeofconsciousness（植物有某種程度的意識）可知：植物有意識。這種意識與空白處后的intelligenceinanimals（動物的智力）二者存在相似性。C項compared與to構(gòu)成固定搭配，表示“表明……與……相似;將……比作”，代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為C項。.[A3] （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）UnlessWhenOnceThoughV解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。本題考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，比較本句前后兩個半句語義，即plantslackbrains（植物缺乏大腦）和thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponses（然而，莖和葉發(fā)射的電信號觸發(fā)了反應(yīng)），可知二者存在語義相反。D項Though（雖然，盡管）提示讓步關(guān)系，屬于語義相反，符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。所以，本題答案為D項。干擾項：A項Unless（除非），B項When（當(dāng)……時），C項Once（一旦）,均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。.[A4]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）A.copedwithB.consistedofC.hintedatJD.extendedto解析：固定搭配題。根據(jù)空白處前后的responses（反應(yīng)）和consciousness（感覺；意識）語義可知，前者是后者的一種信號。C項hintedat為固定搭配，表示“暗示，透露”，代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為C項。干擾項：A項copedwith（處理,對付），B項consistedof（由 構(gòu)成），D項extendedto（將范圍擴(kuò)大至……）均不符合原文語義。.[A5] （分?jǐn)?shù)：0?05）A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differsV解析：語境題。根據(jù)本段段首suchanideaisuntrue對上段觀點（植物意識和動物智力存在相似性）的否定可知：植物意識和動物智力并不相似。所以，本題所考查的it（指代Plantbiology）和thatofanimals（that指代biology）之間的語義關(guān)系為二者相異。D項differs（相異，不同于）代入后符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。所以，本題答案為D項。干擾項：A項suffers（受苦，受難），B項benefits（得益于），C項develops（發(fā)展，變化）均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。.[A6] （分?jǐn)?shù)：0?05）A.acceptanceB.evidenceVC.cultivationD.creation解析：語境題。上句suchanideaisuntrue是對上段末句（植物的反應(yīng)體現(xiàn)其意識）的否定，也就是說，本段主要觀點為：植物沒有意識（智力）。本句so-called6ofplants*intelligenceisinconclusive（所謂的“植物智力”的6是沒有說服力的）也需與本段主要觀點保持一致。B項evidence（證據(jù)）代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為B項。干擾項:A項acceptance（同意，認(rèn)可）,C項cultivation（種植，栽培）,D項creation（創(chuàng)造）均不符合原文語義。.[A7]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedVD.requested解析：語境題。比較本句scientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthat…（科學(xué)家們一?直7植物具有 神經(jīng)元樣細(xì)胞）和下句They10claimedthatplantshave*brain-likecommandcenters,……（他們10聲稱植物……有”大腦般的指揮中心”），可知，二者結(jié)構(gòu)相似：scientists和They,后者指代前者，二者同義;planis原詞復(fù)現(xiàn);possess（擁有）與have二者同義。所以，空白處語義與下句對應(yīng)位置的claimed（聲稱）語義相近。C項argued（主張，提出理由說明）符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為C項。干擾項：A項doubted（懷疑），B項denied（否認(rèn)），D項requested（要求），均不符合原文語義。.[A8]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）A.adaptingformingJrepairingtesting解析：語境題。比較空白處前ncuronTikecellsthat***（ 神經(jīng)元樣細(xì)胞）和空白處后aplantnervoussystem（植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)），可知，前者是后者的構(gòu)成要素。B項forming（使形成）代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為B項。干擾項：A項adapting（使適應(yīng)），C項repairing（補(bǔ)救,糾正）和D項testing（測驗，考查）均不符合原文語義。.[A9]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）A.analogousVB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive解析：語境題。比較空白處前aplantnervoussystem（植物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）和空白處后Ihalinanimals（動物的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，其中，that指代anervoussystem）可知，二者同為神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。A項analogous表示“相似的，類似的"，代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為A項。干擾項：B項essential（必不可少的）,C項suitable（適用的）和D項sensitive（敏感的）均不符合原文語義。.[A10]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）justeverstillevenJ解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。本題考查句間邏輯關(guān)系，比較本句claimedthatplantshave*brain-likecommandcenters,（聲稱植物擁有“大腦般的指揮中心”）和上句somescientistshave7thatplantspossessneuron-likecells（一些科學(xué)家一直7植物擁有神經(jīng)元樣細(xì)胞）語義可知，從對I■植物有意識」的論證力度上來說，“大腦般的指揮中心”比“神經(jīng)元樣細(xì)胞”更進(jìn)一層。D項even（甚至）提示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。所以，本題答案為D項。干擾項：A項just（僅僅），B項ever（從來，在任何時候），C項still（還，還是），均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。.[All]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）restrictionexperimentperspectiveVdemand解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。This+空白處指代上段提到的信息;上段主要提出了Taiz的觀點、論點，因此空白處語義表示觀點、論點。C項perspective（觀點）是對該句的概括，代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為C項。干擾項：A項restriction（限制），B項experiment（實驗），D項demand（要求），均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。.[A12]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）attachingreducingJreturningD.exposing解析：固定搭配題?？瞻滋幩诘臓钫Z結(jié)構(gòu)，是對主句謂語simplify（使簡化）的一種伴隨狀態(tài)，所以，空白處語義與simplify（使簡化）語義相近。B項reducing與介詞to搭配，表示“將……概括為（或簡化為）”，代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為B項。干擾項：其余各項均可與介詞to構(gòu)成不同搭配，A項attaching…to…（把 固定在 上），C項returning…to…（把 帶回 ，把 送回 ），D項exposing…to…（向 顯露 ）,均不符合原文語義。.[A13]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）HoweverJMoreoverThereforeOtherwise解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。本題考杳句間邏輯關(guān)系，比較空白處前cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals（植物中的細(xì)胞也通過電信號溝通）和空白處后thesignalinginaplantisonly14similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcel1sthatcommunicatebyelectricity（植物中的信號傳導(dǎo)只是14類似于復(fù)雜動物大腦中的放電，而動物大腦不只是“通過電進(jìn)行交流的大量細(xì)胞”）語義，可知，空白處前后存在語義相反：前者的also（也）強(qiáng)調(diào)植物和動物（在信號溝通方式上）的相似之處，后者的only…similar（僅僅 相似的）弱化了該相似。A項However（然而）體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，屬于語義相反，符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。所以，本題答案為A項。干擾項：B項Moreover（而且）,C項Therefore（因此），D項Otherwise（否則）,均不符合原文邏輯關(guān)系。.[A14]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyVD.imaginarily解析：語境題。根據(jù)后半句whichismorethan"amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity（動物大腦不只是“通過電進(jìn)行交流的大量細(xì)胞”）可知，動物大腦更復(fù)雜，動物大腦和植物智力間更多的是相異，所以,前半句的相似（similar）是并不充分的。C項superficially（表面上地）代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為C項。干擾項：A項temporarily（臨時地），B項literally（真正地，確實地），D項imaginarily（虛構(gòu)地），均不符合原文語義。.[A15] （分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）A.listlevelJlabelload解析：語境題。根據(jù)本句Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired（意識想要進(jìn)化，需要一個具有起始15的復(fù)雜性和容量的大腦）并結(jié)合threshold（起始的）語義可知,本句對complexityandcapacity（復(fù)雜性和容量）的要求（required）是一種程度上的要求。B項level（水平）代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為B項。干擾項：A項list（清單），C項label（標(biāo)簽），D項load（負(fù)荷），均不符合原文語義。.[A16]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）recalledagreedquestionedaddedV解析：語境題。本句是引語，出自he,he指代上段末句Taiz,觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)：上段末句也是出自Taiz的引語。比較上段末句acomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity（動物大腦不只是“通過電進(jìn)行交流的大量細(xì)胞”）和本句Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold15ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired（為了使意識進(jìn)化，需要一個具有起始15的復(fù)雜性和容量的大腦）語義，可知，后者在對前者作進(jìn)一步闡述。D項added（補(bǔ)充說，繼續(xù)說）代入后最符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為D項。干擾項：A項recalled（記起，回憶起），B項agreed（表示“同意，贊同”，用于與別人觀點相同時），C項questioned（懷疑），均不符合原文語義。.[A17]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）chancesVrisksexcusesassumptions解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。Since（由于）提示因果關(guān)系：plantsdon'thavenervoussystems（植物沒有神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）為因，the17thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero（它們所擁有意識的17實際上為零）為果。由因推果可知，缺乏神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，意識也不會存在。A項chances（機(jī)會，可能性）代入后符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。所以，本題答案為A項。干擾項：B項risks（風(fēng)險），C項excuses（借口），D項assumptions（假定，假設(shè)）均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。.[A18]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）dangerVfailurewarningD.control解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。so（所以）提示句內(nèi)因果關(guān)系：so前為因，so后為果。根據(jù)runawayfrom（回避）可知，空白處語義為負(fù)面傾向。借助果，即s。后的threat（威脅）可知，空白處語義與“威脅”語義相近。A項danger（危險）代入后符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。所以，本題答案為A項。干擾項：B項failure（失敗），C項warning（警告），D項control（控制）均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。.[A19]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）A.representsincludesC.revealsVD.recognizes解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。and提示順承關(guān)系，屬于語義一致：19athreat（19一種威脅）與canfeelpain（可感知疼痛）二者結(jié)構(gòu)相似，語義相近。D項recognizes（識別）代入后符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。所以，本題答案為D項。干擾項：A項represents（代表，意味著），B項includes（包括），C項reveals（揭示，顯示），均不符合原文語義和邏輯關(guān)系。.[A20]（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.05）humblepoorJpracticaleasy解析：邏輯關(guān)系題。so提示因果關(guān)系：Plantscan'trunaway…（植物不能逃離 ）為因，investingenergyinabodysystemwhich19athreatandcanfeelpainwou1dbeavery20evolutionarystrategy（把能量投入到一個19威脅并能感知疼痛的身體系統(tǒng)將是一種非常20的進(jìn)化策略）為果。由此推知，因為（即使植物能感知到疼痛也）不能逃掉，所以把能量投入到一個能……威脅和感知疼痛的身體系統(tǒng)上，是一種非常20的進(jìn)化策略，即本句意在指出：既然不能跑，那么就無須進(jìn)化到可以感受疼痛。所以，空白處的語義應(yīng)為負(fù)面的，能體現(xiàn)出進(jìn)化到能……威脅和感知疼痛是種不夠好的策略。B項poor（不好的，次的，差的）代入后符合原文語義。所以，本題答案為B項。干擾項：A項humble（不大的，沒有特別之處的），C項practical（有用的，適用的）和D項easy（容易的，輕易的）均不符合原文語義。二、SectionIIReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：6,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They"weep"outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,shesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”Andsometimes,it*snottheartist,sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozenwnaturecarpetsw-largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets-whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi1spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi'ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicalsMsunscreenswbecausetheirgoalwastopreventfurther1ightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten,s,preservationofplasticswi11likelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreservewillhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe,11beseen.”（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.80）.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00）A.maintainingtheirplasticitemsJobtainingdurableplasticartifactshandlingoutdatedplasticexhibitsclassifyingtheirplasticcollections解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph1和museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin定位至U第一段⑦句：Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.（所有這些給一些機(jī)構(gòu)帶來了巨大的麻煩，比如試圖保護(hù)具有重要文化意義的物品的博物館）。其中allofwhich指代上文③至⑥句所提到的塑料材料的種種問題：Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime…meltintosludge.（一些塑料材料隨著時間的推移而改變 融化成污泥），可見，博物館在維護(hù)其塑料藏品方面有困難。A項maintainingtheirplasticitems（維護(hù)他們的塑料藏品）是對③至⑦句的概括總結(jié)，maintain對應(yīng)preserve。所以本題選A。.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）immunetodecayimproperlyshapedinherentlyflawedJcomplexinstructure解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare定位到第二段①句（其中certainplasticobjects對應(yīng)Certainartifacts）：Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn*talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten（TheavanOosten說，某些手工藝品特別脆弱，因為一些塑料藝術(shù)的先驅(qū)并不總是知道如何正確地混合原料）?？梢?，某些塑料藝術(shù)品在制作過程中就存在原料未能正確混合的問題，導(dǎo)致塑料藝術(shù)品本身就存在缺陷。C項inherentlyflawed（本身存在缺陷）是對①句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選C。.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）keepthemfromhurtingvisitorsduplicatethemforfuturedisplayhavetheiringredientsanalyzedpreventthemfromfurtherdamageJ解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi*sartworksto定位到第四段②③句。②句指出It'sespecial1yvulnerableto1ightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi9spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumb1ing（它極易受至lj光的損害，到了20世紀(jì)90年代中期，Gilardi的南瓜、玫瑰和其他圖形都在分裂和破碎），③句繼而指出Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark（博物館把其中一些鎖在黑暗中）。可見，博物館將之封存在黑暗中是為了避免其遭受更多的光損害。D項preventthemfromfurtherdamage（避免它們受到進(jìn)一步的損害）是對②③句的合理推斷。所以本題選D。.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）costlyunworthyunpopularchallengingV解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞preservationofplastics定位到第六段①句：DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten,s,preservationofplasticswi111ikelygetharder（盡管有vanOosten這樣的成功案例，但塑料的保存可能會變得更加困難）oD項challenging（挑戰(zhàn)性的）是對getharder的同義替換。所以本題選D。.InFerreira,sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）willinspirefuturescientificresearchhasprofoundhistoricalsignificanceVwillhelpusseparatethematerialageshasanimpactontoday'sculturallife解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Ferreira和preservationofplasticartifacts定位到第七段句。②句指出archaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums（考古學(xué)家在檢查了博物館中的文物后，首先確定了人類歷史上偉大的物質(zhì)時代一石器時代、鐵器時代等等），③句承接②句指出WenowliveinanageofplasticMandwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreservewillhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'11beseen."（我們現(xiàn)在生活在塑料時代……“我們決定收集什么，我們決定保存什么……將對我們未來的形象產(chǎn)生重大影響?？梢?，我們對塑料工藝品的保存對于未來定義我們的時代意義重大。B項hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance（具有深遠(yuǎn)的歷史意義）是對②③句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選B。PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Text2Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwel1inschool,gotadecentdegree,youwou1dbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywel1bethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationVscareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:‘Iamageographer1or'Iamaciassist*.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it,sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon,tdefinetheminthesameway.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.80）.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould.（分?jǐn)?shù)：LOO）becarefulinchoosingacollegebedi1igentateacheducationalstagereassessthenecessityofcollegeeducationVpostponetheirundergraduateapplication解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞GenerationZ和should定位到第一段①句（其中should對應(yīng)needto）：Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney（當(dāng)最新一批學(xué)生填寫本科申請表并權(quán)衡他們的選擇時，或許值得思考的是學(xué)位的意義、目的和價值發(fā)生了怎樣的變化，以及Z世代在開啟他們教育旅程的第三階段時需要考慮什么）。C項reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation（重新審視大學(xué)教育的必要性）是對①句內(nèi)容的適度推斷，其中collegeeducation（大學(xué)教育）對應(yīng)degree（大學(xué)學(xué)位）。所以本題選C。.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）Mi1lennial*sopinionsaboutworktheshrinkingvalueofadegreeVpublicdiscontentwitheducationthedesiredrouteofsocialmobility解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ThepercentageofUKgraduates和non-graduateroles定位到第二段⑤句：Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries（如今，英國有28%的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生從事非大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的工作，這一比例是經(jīng)合組織國家平均水平的兩倍）。本句無法解題，根據(jù)定位句中的數(shù)字“28percent"可知，該句為論據(jù)，且該句位于段尾，所以需要往上文尋找論點解題。再找到前文的論點：Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued（隨著大學(xué)學(xué)位變得普遍，它們也貶值了）。B項theshrinkingvalueofadegree（大學(xué)學(xué)位的貶值）是對③句的同義替換，其中shrinkingvalue對應(yīng)devalued,degree為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。所以本題選B。.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegreeschoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkersemployersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegreesVparentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞agoodsign定位到第四段①句（其中g(shù)ood對應(yīng)原文的Thankfully）：Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening（值得慶幸的是,有跡象表明這種情況已經(jīng)發(fā)生了）。該句無法解題，需繼續(xù)看下文。結(jié)合②句Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates（雇主早就看到了雇用中學(xué)畢業(yè)生的好處，因為中學(xué)畢業(yè)生經(jīng)常證明他們是比大學(xué)畢業(yè)生更盡職、更忠誠的員工）和③句Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles（許多雇主也逐漸意識到取消某些崗位對學(xué)位的要求所帶來的好處）可知，雇主對待大學(xué)學(xué)位的態(tài)度發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，C項employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees（雇主對大學(xué)學(xué)位采取現(xiàn)實的態(tài)度）是對②句和③句內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選C。.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）A.makeanearlydecisionontheircareerB.attendonthejobtrainingprogramsteamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduatesfurthertheirstudiesinaspecificfieldV解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph5和Ihosewithonedegree定位到第五段④句：Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohaveIwo（當(dāng)我們中越來越多的人擁有學(xué)位時，擁有兩個學(xué)位是明智的），結(jié)合②句itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills（擁有特定的知識或技能是值得的）可知，作者建議有一個學(xué)位的人在特定領(lǐng)域繼續(xù)進(jìn)修深造。D項furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield（在特定領(lǐng)域繼續(xù)進(jìn)修深造）是對②句和④句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選D。（5）.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）Lifelonglearningwi11definethem.VTheywillmakequalifiededucators.Degreeswillnolongerappealthem.Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞GenerationZ和thelasttwoparagraph定位到第六段①句：theywi11needtobeconstantlyup-ski11ingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable（他們需要在整個職業(yè)生涯中不斷提升技能，以保持就業(yè)能力），結(jié)合③句Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ'scareertrajectory（教育以及不僅僅是在校園里獲得的知識，將成為Z世代職業(yè)軌跡的核心部分）可知，Z世代將終身學(xué)習(xí)。A項Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem（終身學(xué)習(xí)將是他們的特征）是對①句和③句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選AoPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Text3Eniightening,chailenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaidtheyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning."Onerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthesensescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi*sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason一providedbyMonashUniversity*sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember*sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartiststhanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepol1;however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother,swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies（CAVS）toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaround1ight-hencetheMvisualstudies**inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature*spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedtogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipantsmustnotfal1intothetrapofstereotypingeachother.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchailengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.80）.AccordingtoParagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave.（分?jǐn)?shù)：1.00）caughttheattentionofcriticsreceivedfavorableresponsesVpromotedacademicpublishingsparkedheatedpublicdisputes解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph1和art-sciencecollaborations定位到第一段②句，②句句首These指代①句中的四個形容詞，故而可繼續(xù)定位至①句。①②句指出Enlightening,chailenging,stimulating,funweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborations（啟發(fā)、挑戰(zhàn)、刺激、有趣 是《自然》雜志的讀者用來描述他們的藝術(shù)與科學(xué)合作經(jīng)歷的一些詞匯），下文③句繼而指出Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture（在350名左右的受訪者中，近40%的人表示……幾乎所有人都說他們將來會考慮這樣做）。由此可知，《自然》雜志收到的讀者對于藝術(shù)和科學(xué)合作的反應(yīng)都是正面的。B項receivedfavorableresponses（收到了良好的反應(yīng)）是對第一段①②③句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選B。.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）A.artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscienceJsciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotionspublicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfutureartiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations解析：本題為例證題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasons定位到例子所在句，即第三段①句。再找到前面的論點句（第二段③句）：Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning（藝術(shù)家?guī)椭茖W(xué)家接觸到更廣泛的觀眾，并建立情感聯(lián)系，從而促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)）。A項artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience（藝術(shù)可以讓觀眾很容易地接觸到科學(xué)）是對該句的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選Ao.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）theirrolemaybeunderestimatedJtheirreputationmaybeimpairedtheircreativitymaybeinhibitedtheirworkmaybemisguided解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership定位到第四段①②③句（③句中的Their指代artists'）。②句指出severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements（一些受訪者指出，藝術(shù)家不僅僅是幫助科學(xué)家滿足他們的傳播需求），其中severalrespondents指代artists,③句繼而指出Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy（他們的工作也不應(yīng)僅僅被視為研究對象）?？梢娝囆g(shù)家在強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的作用被低估了。A項theirrolemaybeunderestimated（他們的作用可能被低估了）是對②③句的合理推斷。所以本題選A。.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.Itexemplifiedvaluableart-scienceal1iances.VItsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞CAVS定位到第五段①句。該句無法解題，需結(jié)合上下文。第四段④句指出Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject…（當(dāng)科學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家在一個項目中擁有共同的利益……時，這個聯(lián)盟是最有價值的）；第五段①句繼而介紹了“探索技術(shù)在文化中的作用”的CAVS研究中心，第五段③句介紹該研究中心的項目內(nèi)容Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin（光是藝術(shù)家和科學(xué)家都感興趣的東西），符合第四段④句所提出的聯(lián)盟最有價值的條件一“科學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家在一個項目中擁有共同的利益”，故該研究中心是最有價值的藝術(shù)家和科學(xué)家的聯(lián)盟。B項Itexemplifiedthevaluableart-sciencealliances（它體現(xiàn)了藝術(shù)與科學(xué)有價值的聯(lián)盟）是對第五段提及CAVS的作用的概括總結(jié)，所以本題選B。.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations.（分?jǐn)?shù)：0.20）arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectationswillintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetitionshoulddomorethancommunicatingscienceVarebecomingmorepopularthanbefore解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thelastparagraph和art-sciencecollaborations定位到第六段②句（其中collaborations對應(yīng)tie-ups）：Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedtogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication（藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的聯(lián)系需要超越傳播科學(xué)研究這一必要目的）。C項shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience（應(yīng)該做的不僅僅是傳播科學(xué)）是對needtogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication的同義替換。所以本題選C。PartADirec