現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可用與過去完成時(shí)課件

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法結(jié)構(gòu)搭配用語辨析瞬間動(dòng)詞VS.

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞固定句型強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。2.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常搭配一段時(shí)間,與for或since連用.Hehasjustleft.Hehasbeenherefortwoweeks.Wehavelivedheresince1998現(xiàn)代完成時(shí)含義肯定式sb.+have/has

done

+

sth.sb.have/hasnotdone+sth.Have/hassb.Done+sth.?Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.Theyhaven’tfinishedtheworkyet.Havetheyfinishedtheworkyet?

否定式一般疑問句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)AAA型 cost-cost-cost

cut-cut-cutAAB型 beat-beat-beaten

ABA型 become-became-become

run-ran-runABB型 get-got-got

make-made-madeABC型 write-wrote-written

take-took-taken

過去分詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搭配的時(shí)間狀語already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice,recently,sofar,thesedays,inthepast(last)threeyearsHaveyouevereatenfishandchips?I’vejustlostmysciencebook.Ihaven’tlearnedthewordyet.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthepastthreeyears.ever

atanytimeHaveyouevervisitedNewYork?never

notatanytimeYes,Ihave.No,I’venevervisitedNewYork.

already用于肯定句(用于一般疑問句表示驚訝的語氣)Wegotthereat6:30butshehadalreadygone.Haveyoufinishedalready?yet用于否定和一般疑問句Hasitstoppedrainingyet?Just剛剛;用于不同句式HehasjustreturnedfromFrance.用“just/already/yet.”填空DoyouknowwhereJuliais?--Yes,I______________(justsee)her.2.WhattimeisDavidleaving?--He_____________(already/leave)3.What’sinthenewspapertoday?--Idon’tknow.I_______________(notreadyet)4.WhatdoesTimthinkofyourplan?--I__________________(not/tell/yet).5.IsAnncomingtothecinemawithus?--No,she_______________thefilm.(already/see)havejustseenhasalreadylefthaven’treadityethaven’ttoldhimyethasalreadyseenhavebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin1.Thechildcan’tfindhismother.Hismother______________thesupermarket.2.We_________theGreatWalltwice.3.______youever________Japan?4.----MayIspeaktoDora?----She__________Canada.hasgonetohavebeentoHavebeentohasgonetoJakehasgonetoAmerica.去過…..WehavebeentotheSummerPalace.去….了WehavebeeninChinaforaboutayear.呆在某地(常加一段時(shí)間)since與forUsage Examplesince+過去時(shí)間/名詞since1970/hisarrivalsince+一段時(shí)間+agosincetwoyearsagosince+句子(過去時(shí))sinceheleftherefor+一段時(shí)間 fortwoyears不改變?cè)?，用“for”“since”改寫句子1.HerclassmatesbegantolearnEnglishtwoyearsago.HerclassmateshavelearnedEnglishfortwoyears.2.Theshiplefttwodaysago.Theshiphasbeenawayfortwodays.3.HerparentswenttoliveinBeijingin1981.HerparentshavelivedinBeijingsince1981.4.Iboughtthenewbikelastweek.Ihavehadthenewbikesincelastweek.固定句型①Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結(jié)構(gòu)中,that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.

Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.

②Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.

Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.1.Hehasneverdrivenacarbefore.It’sthefirsttimehe__________acar.2.Lindahaslostherpassportagain.It’sthesecondtimethis__________(happen)3.Billisphoninghispenpalagain.That’sthethirdtimehe___________himthisevening.4.Thisisalovelymeal.It’sthefirstgoodmealI_________(have)hasdrivenhashappenedhasphonedhavehad練習(xí)

過去完成時(shí)可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。也就是說發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。定義：構(gòu)成：had＋過去分詞過去完成時(shí)過去分詞的構(gòu)成：1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化(regularverbs)：a)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞后面加ed

work------workedplay--------playedb)以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d

use------used

refuse------refusedc)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y改i再加edstudy-----studiedcarry-----carriedd)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，前面有單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)，雙寫輔音字母，再加edstop----stoppeddrop-------dropped過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：由助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（V.pp)admit-admittedbeg-beggeddrop;prefer;plan;6:007:00現(xiàn)在BythetimeIgotup,mysisterhad

alreadywashedalltheclothes.1.我到家時(shí)她已經(jīng)睡了。

BythetimeIgothome,shehadalreadygonetobed.2.到昨天晚上時(shí)消息已傳遍全球。

Byyesterdayeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld.3、從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。常用since，for.Eg.ShesaidthatshehadlearnedEnglishforyearssincehecametoourschool注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語，及since,for引導(dǎo)的從句和短語連用。2、由said,told,knew,heard,thought等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中。Eg.Hetoldmethathehadheardofit.Ithoughtmyhomeworkhadbeenfininshed.ButIdidn’t.Thethiefhadrunawaybeforethepolicearrived.Wehadlearnt3Chaptersbytheendofyesterday.Henryhadstayedinbedforaweekbeforehewenttoschoolyesterday.Thethiefhadn’trunawaybeforethepolicearrived.Had

thethiefrunawaybeforethepolicearrived?Whohadrunawaybeforethepolicearrived?Wehadn’tlearnt3chaptersbytheendofyesterday.Hadyoulearnt3chaptersbytheendofyesterday?Whathad

youlearntbytheendofyesterday?Henryhadn’tstayedinbedforaweekbeforehe…HadHenrystayedinbedforaweekbeforehewenttoschoolyesterday?HowlonghadHenrystayedinbedbeforehewenttoschoolyesterday?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):主語+have/hasdone過去完成時(shí):主語+haddone過去的過去過去現(xiàn)在nowpast現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)timetime基本用法1.過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn).我說自從你搬到這兒以來媽媽一直為你的懶惰而生氣.(2)我到達(dá)電影院之前電影早已經(jīng)開始了.Isaidmotherhadbeenangryaboutyourlazinesssincewemovedhere.Thefilmhadbegunbeforewegottothecinema.3.過去完成時(shí)表示在某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作.過去的時(shí)間由before,after,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句表示出來.1.我在你回來之前就已經(jīng)把晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了.2.當(dāng)我趕到學(xué)校時(shí),已經(jīng)開始上課了.3.在我到家之前他已經(jīng)走了.Ihadfinishedcookingdinnerbeforeyoucameback.Theclasshadbegun

whenIgottoschool.Igothomeafterhehadleft.4.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一般用過去完成時(shí)。(1)她說她從來沒有去過巴黎。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.(2)我覺得我以前見過他。IthoughtthatIhadseenhimbefore.(3)Tom說他借了這本書兩周了。Tomsaidhehadborrowedthebookfor2weeks.kept5.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……，未能……”。

1.結(jié)果比我們想象的要好。Theresultwasbetterthanwhatwehadexpected.2.我們期望你會(huì)來的，但是你沒有來。Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.MorepracticeWhenIarrivedthere,they___________(leave)already.Thefilm______________(start),whenwegottothecinema.I___________(read)thebookbeforeIstartedschool.Theythoughtthatthey___________(try)theirbest.Thepoorgirlneversawhergrandpabecausehe__________________(passaway)beforeshewasborn.I_______________(notrealize)shewasn’tChineseuntilshespoke.hadlefthadstartedhadreadhadtriedhadpassedawayhadn’trealized試作比較：昨天我見到王先生了．自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。IsawMr.Wangyesterday.WehadnotseeneachothersinceheleftBeijing.自從他離開北京我們就一直未曾見過面。

WehavenotseeneachothersinceheleftBeijing.

試比較：1.我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。2.到2005年8月，我在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響,與現(xiàn)在有關(guān).其結(jié)構(gòu)為”助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞”;過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去,更強(qiáng)調(diào)”過去的過去”,只有和過去的某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí),才用到它.

到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了3000個(gè)單詞.到那時(shí)我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了3000個(gè)英語單詞.Ihavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.

Ihadlearned3000Englishwordstillthen.

過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1.時(shí)間狀語不同．過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.

(說明不到１０點(diǎn)就在車站了）Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.(說明１０點(diǎn)到車站的）2)在沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語做標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)．Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforemymothercameback.在媽媽回來前，我已經(jīng)把作業(yè)寫完了。３)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)作用and或but連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序只需用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)；另外在引導(dǎo)的從句中由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.I(had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.1：Howlong____you____inthecountrysidebeforeyoucametoourschool?A:had……taughtB:have……taughtC:did…….teachD:are……teaching2：Howlong____you____thearmybeforeyoucametoourcompany?A:did…..joinB:have…..joinedC:had……beeninD:have……beenin3：ThefootballmatchonTV

_____forhalfanhour.(2008年湖南對(duì)口招生）A:hasbegunB:hasbeenonC:beganD:isbegining4:Amomentago,apolicemantoldmethathe_____mystolenmotorbikeinavillage.A:hasfoundB:hadfoundC:wasfindingD:willfind5:WhenJackarrived,helearnedMary_____foralmostanhour.A;hadgoneB:hadsetoffC:hadleftD:hadbeenaway

分析：答案選D。因?yàn)樯洗髮W(xué)是過去，學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語單詞是在上大學(xué)之前，即“過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時(shí)。6:He_____morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learned

D.hadlearned分析：答案選D。根據(jù)“我沒見到他”可知，“在我到達(dá)”前“父親已經(jīng)去倫敦”了，即父親去倫敦發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時(shí)。7.Father_____forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn’tseehim.(2005福建卷)hasleftB.leftC.wasleavingD.hadleftCanyoudo