新視野大學(xué)英語2(第三版)unit8 textA課文翻譯

新視野大學(xué)英語2(第三版)unit8textA課文翻譯新視野大學(xué)英語2(第三版)unit8textA課文翻譯新視野大學(xué)英語2(第三版)unit8textA課文翻譯資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月新視野大學(xué)英語2(第三版)unit8textA課文翻譯版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：Unit8SectionAAnimalsorchildren?—Ascientist'schoice動物還是孩子——一位科學(xué)家的選擇1Iamtheenemy!Iamoneofthosecursed,cruelphysicianscientistsinvolvedinanimalresearch.Theserumorssting,forIhaveneverthoughtofmyselfasanevilperson.Ibecameachildren'sdoctorbecauseofmyloveforchildrenandmysupremedesiretokeepthemhealthy.Duringmedicalschoolandresidency,Isawmanychildrendieofcancerandbloodshedfrominjury—circumstancesagainstwhichmedicinehasmadegreatprogressbutstillhasalongwaytogo.Moreimportantly,Ialsosawchildrenhealthythankstoadvancesinmedicalsciencesuchasinfantbreathingsupport,powerfulnewmedicinesandsurgicaltechniquesandtheentirefieldoforgantransplantation.Mydesiretotipthescalesinfavorofhealthy,happychildrendrewmetomedicalresearch.1我就是那個(gè)敵人！我就是那些被人詛咒的、殘忍的、搞動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生科學(xué)家之一。這些謠言刺痛了我，因?yàn)槲覐膩頉]想到自己是一個(gè)邪惡的人。我成為一位兒科醫(yī)生，因?yàn)槲覑酆⒆?，也因?yàn)槲业淖畲笤竿亲屗麄儽３纸】?。在醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)和住院醫(yī)生實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)，我看到了許多兒童死于癌癥和受傷流血——雖然對此醫(yī)學(xué)正取得很大進(jìn)步，但遠(yuǎn)非完善。更重要的是，我還看到孩子們能保持健康得益于醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步，如嬰兒呼吸支持器，功效強(qiáng)大的新藥物和外科手術(shù)技術(shù)及整個(gè)器官移植領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。我希望孩子們健康快樂，這促使我從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究。2Myaccusershavetwistedthetruthintoafableandcastmeasthedevil.TheyclaimthatIhavenomoralcompass,thatItortureinnocentanimalsforthesolepurposeofcareeradvancement,andthatmyexperimentshavenorelevancetomedicine.Meanwhile,anuncaringpublicbarelywatches,convincedthattheissuehasnosignificance,andpublicity-conscioussenatorsandpoliticiansincreasinglygivewaytothelobbyingofanimalrightsactivists.2控訴我的人把真相歪曲成一則神話，并把我描寫成惡魔。他們聲稱我沒有道德界限，我折磨那些無辜動物的唯一目的就是為了自己的職業(yè)升遷，而我的實(shí)驗(yàn)根本與醫(yī)藥毫不相關(guān)。與此同時(shí)，無動于衷的公眾幾乎不聞不問，相信這個(gè)議題毫無意義，而具有宣傳意識的參議員和政治家們卻對動物權(quán)利活動家的游說不斷作出讓步。3

We,

in

medical

research,

have

also

been

unbelievably

uncaring.

We

have

allowed

the

most

extreme

animal

rights

protesters

to

creep

in

and

frame

the

issue

as

one

of

"animal

fraud"

and

hatred.

We

have

persisted

in

our

belief

that

a

knowledgeable

public

would

consent

to

the

importance

of

animal

research

for

public

health.

Perhaps

we

have

been

mistaken

in

not

responding

to

the

emotional

tone

of

the

argument.

Perhaps

we

should

have

responded

to

those

sad

slogans

and

posters

of

animals

by

waving

equally

sad

posters

of

children

dying

of

cancer

or

external

wounds.

3

我們這些從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究的人也顯得令人難以置信的冷漠。

我們允許最極端的動物權(quán)利活動家漸漸侵入，任憑他們把此類研究誣陷為“動物欺詐”和對動物的仇恨。

我們一直堅(jiān)信，有知識的公眾會贊同動物研究對公眾健康的重要性。

也許我們的錯誤是沒有對這場爭論的感性基調(diào)作出反應(yīng)。

也許我們早應(yīng)該揮動著兒童死于癌癥或外傷的同樣令人傷心的海報(bào)，來回應(yīng)那些關(guān)于動物受害的傷感標(biāo)語及海報(bào)。4

In

the

animal

rights

forum,

much

is

made

of

the

volume

of

pain

these

animals

experience

in

the

name

of

medical

science.

Activists

deny

that

we

are

trying

to

help

and

say

it

is

evidence

of

our

evil

and

cruel

nature.

A

more

reasonable

argument,

however,

can

be

advanced

in

our

defense.

Life

is

often

cruel

to

animals

and

human

beings.

Teenagers

are

flung

from

trucks

and

suffer

severe

head

injuries.

Young

children

barely

able

to

walk

find

themselves

at

the

bottom

of

swimming

pools

while

a

parent

is

occupied

with

something

else.

From

everyday

germs

to

gang

violence,

no

life

is

free

of

pain.

Physicians

hoping

to

relieve

the

eternal

suffering

of

these

tragedies

have

only

three

choices:

1)

create

an

animal

model

of

the

problem

to

understand

the

process

and

test

new

therapies;

2)

experiment

on

human

beings

(some

experiments

will

succeed,

most

will

fail);

or

3)

leave

medical

knowledge

static,

hoping

that

accidental

discoveries

will

lead

us

forward.

4

動物權(quán)利論壇大肆宣揚(yáng)我們?nèi)绾我葬t(yī)學(xué)的名義使這些動物經(jīng)受巨大的痛苦。

動物權(quán)利活動家們否認(rèn)我們正在努力幫助人類，并說這是我們邪惡和殘忍本性的證據(jù)。然而，一個(gè)更合理的論點(diǎn)可用來為我們進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。

生活往往對動物和人類都是殘酷的。

青少年被甩到卡車外，導(dǎo)致頭部嚴(yán)重受傷。

還不太會走路的孩子們溺水沉到游泳池底部時(shí)，他們的家長正忙于其他事務(wù)。

從常見的的細(xì)菌侵害到幫派的暴力，沒有誰能不受傷害。

醫(yī)生們希望能永遠(yuǎn)減輕這些悲劇帶給人們身體上的痛苦，他們只有三個(gè)選擇：1）用動物做實(shí)驗(yàn)，以了解整個(gè)醫(yī)療過程和測試新的療法；2）進(jìn)行人體實(shí)驗(yàn)（一些實(shí)驗(yàn)會成功，大多數(shù)會失?。?；3）讓對醫(yī)療知識的了解處于停滯狀態(tài)，希望偶然的發(fā)現(xiàn)會帶領(lǐng)我們向前。5

Some

animal

rights

activists

would

suggest

an

optional

fourth

choice,

claiming

that

computer

models

can

create

animal

experiments,

thus

omitting

actual

experiments.

Computers

can

imitate

the

effects

of

well-understood

principles

on

complex

systems,

as

in

the

application

of

the

laws

of

physics

to

airplane

and

automobile

design.

However,

when

the

principles

themselves

are

in

question,

as

is

the

case

with

the

complex

biological

systems

of

human

life

under

study,

computer

modeling

alone

is

of

little

value.

5

一些動物權(quán)利活動家會提出第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，他們聲稱計(jì)算機(jī)可以模擬動物實(shí)驗(yàn)，這樣就可省去真實(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程。

計(jì)算機(jī)可以模擬一些為人所熟知的原理在復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用效果，就如物理規(guī)律在飛機(jī)和汽車設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用那樣。

然而，當(dāng)原理本身有問題時(shí)，就跟正處于研究階段的復(fù)雜的生物系統(tǒng)的情況一樣，僅靠計(jì)算機(jī)模擬成效甚微。6

One

of

the

terrifying

effects

of

arresting

the

use

of

animals

in

medical

research

is

that

the

impact

will

not

be

felt

for

years

or

even

decades.

Drugs

to

cure

infection

will

remain

undiscovered,

surgical

and

diagnostic

techniques

will

remain

undeveloped,

and

fundamental

biological

processes

that

might

have

been

understood

will

remain

mysteries.

There

is

the

danger

that

quick

decisions

by

well-meaning

politicians

will

create

resolution

to

diplomaticallysatisfy

the

small

minority

of

loud

protestors

while

the

consequences

and

damaging

impact

of

those

decisions

will

not

be

apparent

until

long

after.

6

阻止用動物來進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)研究的可怕后果之一是，其影響要到幾年甚至幾十年后才能被人知曉：治愈感染的新藥物將無法被發(fā)現(xiàn)，外科手術(shù)和診斷技術(shù)將得不到發(fā)展，那些有可能被發(fā)掘的基本生物學(xué)進(jìn)程將是未解之謎。

危險(xiǎn)的是，那些善意的政治家匆忙作出決定后拿出的解決方案只是策略性地滿足了那一小部分大聲疾呼的示威者，這些決定的后果和造成的破壞性影響要很久才會顯現(xiàn)。7

Fortunately,

most

of

us

enjoy

good

health,

and

the

agony

of

watching

one's

child

die

has

become

a

rare

experience.

Yet

our

good

fortune

should

not

make

us

unappreciative.

Protection

from

serious

sickness

and

drugs

to

combat

heart

disease,

high

blood

pressure

and

stroke

are

all

based

on

animal

research.

Most

complex

surgical

procedures

such

as

heart

or

hip

surgery

and

organ

transplantation

surgeries

were

initially

developed

in

animals.

Techniques

to

replace

defective

genes,

the

cause

of

so

much

disease,

as

well

as

the

development

of

synthetic

organs

are

presently

undergoing

animal

studies.

These

studies,

and

any

subsequent

advances,

will

effectively

end

if

animal

research

is

severely

restricted.

7

幸運(yùn)的是，我們大多數(shù)人都享有健康的體魄，眼睜睜地看著孩子死亡之苦已不多見。

然而，對于能夠享受健康或享受醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步能帶來的健康我們不應(yīng)該不心存感激。

對嚴(yán)重疾病的預(yù)防和用于心臟病、高血壓和中風(fēng)的藥物都基于對動物的研究。

大多復(fù)雜的外科手術(shù)，如心臟或髖關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)、器官移植手術(shù)最初都是在動物實(shí)驗(yàn)中進(jìn)行的。

取代導(dǎo)致眾多疾病的缺陷基因的技術(shù)，以及人造器官的發(fā)展，目前正處于動物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究階段。

如果動物研究嚴(yán)格受限，這些研究和其后的任何進(jìn)展都將徹底地宣告結(jié)束。8

In

America

today,

death

has

become

an

event

isolated

from

our

daily

existence.

As

a

doctor

who

has

watched

many

children

die

and

seen

their

parents'

infinite

grief,

I

am

particularly

angered

by

any

minute

expression

of

caring

for

the

suffering

of

creatures

and

so

little

for

sick

and

dying

human

beings.

People

are

too

protected

from

the

reality

of

human

life

and

death

and

what

it

means.

8

在今天的美國，死亡已經(jīng)成為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪泄铝⑸僖姷氖隆?/p>

作為一個(gè)看見過許多兒童死亡和他們父母悲痛至極的醫(yī)生，我感到特別憤怒的是，有人對動物的痛苦表達(dá)入微，但對生病和生命垂危的人卻冷漠無情。

人們受到