專題09情態(tài)動詞-初中英語重要語法精講（江蘇專用）

專題09情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒，態(tài)度或語氣的動詞，但不能單獨作謂語，只能和其他動詞的原形構(gòu)成謂語。主要有：can(could),may(micht),must,need,shall(should),will(wnuld)。一、情態(tài)動詞can/couldcan可表示能力或可能性，過去式could。和其他的情態(tài)動詞一樣，can和could后面直接接動詞原形，否定形式直接加notecan用法(1)表示能力(體力、知識、技能)。Canyouliftthisheavybox?Yes,Ican.(體力)Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知識)Canyouskate?No,Ican't.(技能)注意：beableto代替can,也可以表示能力。但can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時(could),而beableto則有更多的時態(tài)形式。例：①YouwillbeabletotalkwiththeforeignteacherinEnglishnextweek.下星期你將能與外國老師用英語交談了。②Mylittlebrotherhasbeenabletowrite.我的弟弟已會寫字了。這兩種情況除外：①表將來時不可以用can替換如：I'llnotbeabletofinishalltheworktomorrowmorning.②表示“經(jīng)過努力才得以做成功某事”時應(yīng)用beableto,不能用Can。如：Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.(2)表示請求和允許。-CanIgonow?一Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could,might代替，不能用于肯定句和答語中。此時could不是can的過去式，而是表示的語氣比can更委婉，常用來向老師、長輩等提出請求，而can常用來向同學(xué)、朋友提出請求?！狢ouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?（可用在疑問句中）一Yes,youcan.（No,Tmafraidnot.）（不能用在答語中）CouldIaskyousomequestions,Mr.Green?格林先生，我可以請教您一些問題嗎？（向長輩、老師提出請求）（3）表不客觀可能性（客觀原因形成的能力）。They'vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead.Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.（4）表示推測（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。Canthisbetrue?這是真的？Thiscan^bedonebyhim.這不可能是他干的！Howcanthisbetrue?這怎么可能是真的？【例題】用can、could或beableto填空youhelpme?Heplaythepianoattheageof6.A:CouldIuseyoureraser?B:Yes,you.Inthepast,Inotcook.ButnowI.【答案】Couldcouldcancouldcancan和could的區(qū)別在哪？A.can和could都可以用來表示能力。can用于現(xiàn)在時，could用于過去時。Hisgrandfatherisover80butstillcanreadwithoutglasses.他爺爺八十多歲了，但還能不戴眼鏡看書。Hecouldswimwhenhewaseightyearsold.他八歲時就會游泳了。B.can和could都還可以用來表示可能性，could表示的可能性比can更小，當(dāng)談?wù)撨^去的可能性時，只能用couldoItisSunday.Milliecan'tbeatschool.今天是星期天，米莉不可能在學(xué)校。Whatcouldhappenatthattime?那時可能發(fā)生什么事呢？（ ）1.TheyplayfootballlastFridaybecauseSimonforgottobringhisfootballhere.

A.couldB.couldn'tC.can'tD.canA.couldB.couldn'tC.can'tD.can( )2.-Whoseshirtisthis?-ItbeLiLei*s.Itistoobigforhim.A.could B.must C.can*t D.might【答案】BC二、情態(tài)動詞maymay的用法may用來表示請求許可時用于比較正式的場合。.might比may語氣更委婉，而不是過去式。否定回答時可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止-MayIhaveyourname,please?我可以問一下你的名字嗎？-Ofcourseyoumay.IamLiHong.當(dāng)然可以。我叫李虹?！狹ight/MayIsmokeinthisroom?—No,youmustn't.—May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom????Yes,youcan.一一No,youcan't/mustn't.注意：用MayL..？征詢對方許可時語氣比較正式和客氣，而用CanL..？在口語中更常見。may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！may表示推測、可能性(不用于疑問句)。might不是過去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.—Where'sJohn? 約翰在哪兒？-Hemaybeatthelibrary. 他可能在圖書館。注意：以上例子中的maybe是情態(tài)動詞may加be(構(gòu)成謂語動詞),一般放于句中。maybe是副詞，解釋為“或許%一般放于句首。例：①Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。②Maybeheisathome. 或許他在家。三、情態(tài)動詞must和haveto1、must表示說話人的主觀意志，表示義務(wù)、命令或必要、應(yīng)當(dāng)和必須等?，F(xiàn)在式與過去式同形。否定句中用mustift表示禁止。例：①Imustgotoschooltoday.今天我必須上學(xué)去。②Hetoldme1mustn'tleaveuntilmymothercame.他告訴我，在我母親回來之前我不許離開。2、must表示推測，“一定是”、“準(zhǔn)是”，一般用于肯定句。在疑問句和否定句中一般用can,否定句中can't表示“不可能”。例：①Theymustbeverytired.Letthemhavearest. 他們一定是非常疲勞了。讓他們休息一會兒吧。②Jackdoesn'tlookwell.Hemustbeill. 杰克看上去氣色不太好。他一定是病了。③Thatcan'tbetheonlywaytosolvetheproblem, 那不可能是解決問題的唯一辦法。④Jane'slightison.Shemustbeathome.S簡的房間里開著燈。她一定在家，不會出去的。3、以must開頭的疑問句，肯定回答用must；否定回答則常用neednt意為“不需要，不必”，相當(dāng)于don'thaveto.例：MustIfinishtheworktoday?-Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't(don'thaveto).4、musi和haveto意思都是“必須”，?？梢曰Q使用。但haveto用于強調(diào)客觀需要，意為“必須，不得不must用于表示主觀意愿，意為“必須例：①We'llhavetoaskZhangHonginstead.我們必須去請張紅代替了。②Wemustworkhardatschool.我們在學(xué)校必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。例1：—Whoseisthepencilbox?-ItbeTom's.Lookathisnameonthecover!A.can B.may C.must D.need【答案】C例2：?一-Iturndowntheradionow?…No,you?A.Must;mustn'tB.Must;needn'tC.Need;can'tD.Need;won't【答案】B例3：一Dad,mustwewaituntilthelightbecomesgreen?一Yes,I'mafraidwe.That'sthetrafficrule.A.can B.may C.haveto D.need【答案】C四、情態(tài)動詞needneed作情態(tài)動詞時，一般用于否定句或疑問句，無形態(tài)變化。例：①Youneedn'tdoitagain.你不需要再做了。②Heneedrftworryaboutit.這件事他無需擔(dān)心。③Needhedothishomeworkfirst?他需要先做這些作業(yè)嗎？④Needtheyfillintheform?他們需要填表嗎？注意：“need”還可作為實義動詞，通常用法是：①人+need+t。do（某人需要做某事）②物+need+doing=物+need+tobedone（某物需要被）③“need”后還可以直接跟名詞 ④否定形式需用助動詞do/does/did后加not構(gòu)成。例：①Weneedtotellhimthetruth.我們需要告訴他真相。②Mycarneedsrepairing.=Mycarneedstoberepaired. 我的汽車需要修理。③Weneedyouradvice. 我們需要你的建議。@Hedoesn'tneedtodothework.他不需要做這些工作?！纠}精講】例1：There'senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.Youhurrynow.A.shouldB.needn'tC.mustD.can*t【答案】needn't例2：■--It'ssaidthatyouhavemovedintoanewhouse.---Yeah,andwetobuysomefurnitureinthemallnearby.A.can B.shouldC.needD.may【答案】C五、情態(tài)動詞should(shall)/hadbetter1、shall用于第一人稱，表示征求意見、詢問，用于第二、三人稱時，表示警告、命令、允諾等。2、hadbetter意為“最好……”，后接動詞原形，否定形式在后面直接加not,再接動詞原形。例：①Yououghttorespectyourteachers. 你們應(yīng)該尊敬你們的老師。②Weshouldbecarefulofothers'feelings. 我們應(yīng)該尊重別人的感情。③Shallwestartthemeetingatonce?我們立即開會好嗎？④It'slate.You'dbettergoandlookforhim. 太遲了。你最好去找他。⑤You'dbetternotreadbooksinpoorlight. 你最好不要在微弱的燈光下看書。例1：—It'sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.1thinkabridgebuiltovertheriver.A.shouldbeB.isbeingC.shouldbeingD.wasbuilt【答案】A例2：It'sratherhotintheroom.You'dbetterthewindowsorthedoor.A.close B.nottocloseC.don'tcloseD.notclose【答案】D六、will和would1>will用于第二人稱表示詢問、請求，也可以表達(dá)現(xiàn)在的“意愿”。2、would用來表示過去的意愿或委婉的詢問。例：①Willyougetmesomechalk? 你拿些粉筆給我好嗎？②Wouldyoulikesomebananas? 來點香蕉好嗎？例1：一Asingleroom,please.一OK.youpleaseshowmeyourIDcard?--Hereyouare.A.Will B.Should C.MayD.Must【答案】A例2：--youpleaselookthroughthepaperformeandseeifthereareanyobvious(明顯的)mistakes?-OfcourseI.A.Would;willB.Will;wouldC.Will;willD.Would;would【答案】A【綜合練習(xí)】用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空You(not)returnthebooktomenow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulikeit.Acomputer(not)thinkforitself.Itmustbetoldwhattodo.You(not)throwthepaperabout.Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.goclimbingwiththem,butFmnotsureyet.Lotsofpeoplewenttoseethefilm,soIthinkitbeveryinteresting.---MustIfinishreadingthebookinaweek?■一No,you.wegoswimmingintheriverthisafternoon?Mr.Smith(not)beinhisbedroom,hebeinhisoffice.Becausehephonedmejustnow.Tillookaftertheboybecauseheistooyoung.Heissostrongthathelifttheboxeasily.【答案】needn't2.can't3.mustn't4.may5.must6.needn't/don'thaveto7.Shall8.can't;must9.haveto10.can單項選擇.DanielbethenewchairpersonoftheStudents,Union?—Hebe,butI'mnotsure.A.Can;can't B.Can;may C.May;must D.May;mustn't.——CanIgotothepark,Mum?■—Certainly.Butyoubebackbysixo'clock.A.can B.may C.might D.must.---HowmanyEnglishwordsdoyouthinkIshouldknow??一Asmanyasyou.Thenyouwillfindreadingquiteeasy.

A.will B.must C.can.A.will B.must C.can.???Canwerunacrosstheroadnow?■-No,we.Wewaituntilthelightturnsgreen.A.needn't;mustB.mustn't;havetoC.couldn't;haveto.一一Idon'tcarewhatmyteachersthink.…Well,you?A.could B.would C.should.Itdoesn'tlooklikerain,soyoubringyourumbrellawithyou.A.shouldn't B.mustn't C.can't.--Whatvolunteerworkyouliketodo?■-Iliketocheerupsickpeopleinthehospital.A.would；willB.will;would C.will;will【答案】BDCBCDDD.mightD.shouldn't;mustD.mightD.needn'tD.would;would鏈接中考：（2022揚州市中考）7.Protectyourhearing.Don'twaituntilyouhearathing.A.needn't B.mu