Nelson Mandela-a modern hero 知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解- 高一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)人教新課標(biāo)

--PAGE8-Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero1.Andwhatqualitiesdoesagreatpersonhave?quality質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)Muchofthelandwasofpoorquality.Shehadmanygoodqualitiesalthoughsheisalittlerude.beofhigh/poorquality質(zhì)量好差quantityn.數(shù)量；量largequantitiesof=alargequantityof大量的quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致)2.meanadj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的Sheistoomeantomakeadonation.她太小氣不肯捐款。v.意指某事，意思是；意欲，打算Thatmeanswastingalotoflabor.那意味著浪費(fèi)許多勞動(dòng)力。Really? I dont mean to waste any labor. 是嗎？我沒(méi)打算浪費(fèi)任何勞動(dòng)力。 .常見(jiàn)搭配：meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.bemeantosb.對(duì)某事刻薄Whatdoyoumeanby...?你說(shuō)/做...是什么意思？bemeanttodo要做，必須做eg.Youaremeanttoleavea你得留下小費(fèi)。bemeanwith/about對(duì)吝嗇小氣eg.Heisverymeanwithhismoney.Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.devote（to連用）獻(xiàn)身；專心于(1)devoteoneselftodevote...to...把……用于……Hedevotedhimselftohiscareer. 他獻(xiàn)身于自己的事業(yè)。Pleasedevotemoretimetoyourwork. 請(qǐng)你把更多的時(shí)間用于工作。devoted忠實(shí)的；深愛(ài)的 adevotedfan/friend/supporter忠實(shí)的粉/朋/支持者devotionn.關(guān)愛(ài)，關(guān)照；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)bedevotedtosth./doingsth.深愛(ài)；致力于注意：devote...to...中的to為介詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式，類似的短語(yǔ)還有：objectto 反對(duì)stickto 堅(jiān)持 leadto 引領(lǐng)，導(dǎo)致 lookforwardto 盼get/beusedto習(xí)慣于 getdownto 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做payattentionto注意get/beaccustomedto 習(xí)慣于Hefoughtforblackpeopleandwasinprisonforalmostthirtyyears.fight相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：fight+n. 與作戰(zhàn)/打架=fightagainstfightfor 為了...而戰(zhàn)fightagainst 與...作戰(zhàn)/斗爭(zhēng)fightwith 與作戰(zhàn)/并肩作fightback 還擊fightsb/sthoff抵抗或擊退fightabout/oversth因…而爭(zhēng)吵eg.(1)fightacold抗感冒fightoffrepeatedenemyattacks擊退敵人一次又一次的進(jìn)攻fightforindependence/equalrights/平等權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)fightagainstpoverty/injustice/不公正作斗爭(zhēng)Iftheenemycomes,wllfightback.如果敵人來(lái)，我們將還擊。Twodogsarefightingoverabone.兩只狗在為一塊骨頭撕咬。Wewillhavetofightagainstdifficulties.我們將不得不與困難作斗爭(zhēng)。fightwithfightwith用于“與...作戰(zhàn)”時(shí)，與fightagainst大致同義，但用后者語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)。除此用法外，fightwith還有一些其它的用法，此時(shí)不能與fightagainst替換。如：Thechildrenfoughtwithsnow-balls.孩子們打雪戰(zhàn)。EnglandfoughtwithFranceagainstGermanyinWorldWarI.英國(guó)在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)與法國(guó)一起對(duì)德作戰(zhàn)。比較：Englandfoughtwith[against]France.英國(guó)與法國(guó)作戰(zhàn)。prison相關(guān)短語(yǔ)把投進(jìn)監(jiān)獄put...inprison send...toprison throw/oprisongotoprison入獄 beinprison在獄中，被監(jiān)禁 betakentoprison 被關(guān)入監(jiān)獄break(outof)prison越獄以上短語(yǔ)都表示行為，所以prison前均不加冠詞，若表示地點(diǎn)，則其前應(yīng)加冠詞。如：Theyoungwomanwenttotheprisontoseeherhusbandwhowasinprisonthen.那位年輕婦女去監(jiān)獄探望那時(shí)在坐牢的丈夫。其他類似用法：gotoschool去上學(xué) gototheschool到學(xué)校去inchurch 在教堂做禮拜 inthechurch 在教堂里attable 在吃飯 atthetable 在餐桌旁MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwenttoforadvice. 個(gè)黑人律師。advice 忠告,勸告;建議;指點(diǎn)apieceofadvice一條建議ShegavemesomegoodadviceonhowtolearnEnglish. 建議。IthinkI'lltakeyouradviceandgetthegreendress.CanIgiveyouapieceofadvice?我能給你提一條建議嗎？Myadviceistogobytrain.我的建議是坐火車去。WewenttoParisonSarah'sadvice.我們依照薩拉的建議，去了巴黎。advise verbadvisen. Thedoctoradvisedachangeofair.醫(yī)生建議換換空氣。advisesb.todoadvisedoingadvisesb.onsth.Sheadvisesthegovernmentonenvironmentalissues.她是政府的環(huán)境問(wèn)題顧問(wèn)。advise+wh-+todoThepharmacistwilladvisewhichmedicinesaresafetotake.藥劑師會(huì)建議服用哪些藥才安全。advise+thatsb(should)+doadvisesb.nottodosth.=advisesb.againstdoing建議某人不要做某事7. ,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.outofwork意為：失業(yè) outofbusiness破產(chǎn)；歇業(yè) outofcontrol失outofrepair失修 outoforder有毛病 outofdate過(guò)時(shí)outofreach夠不著outofdanger脫險(xiǎn) outofquestion毫無(wú)疑outofthequestion不可能的outofpatience失去耐心 outofmind心不在焉Outofsight,outof諺］眼不見(jiàn)，心不念（離久情疏）Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的的階段。句中haveseen的主語(yǔ)是時(shí)間名詞thelastthirtyyears.動(dòng)詞see,find,witness地點(diǎn)名詞作主語(yǔ)，以增添語(yǔ)言色彩，意為“在某段時(shí)期或某地發(fā)生（某情況，經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)Thecityhasseenmanychanges.這座城市經(jīng)歷了許多變化。Duskfoundhimcryinginthestreet.黃昏時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他在街上哭。Blackpeoplecouldt vote orchoosetheirleaders.觀察思考Theissuewasputtothevote. 這一問(wèn)題被付諸表決。listentotheargumentsonbothsidesandthenvoteonit.我們將先聽(tīng)取雙方的論點(diǎn)，然后再表決。Thewholeteamhavevotedmetheircaptain.全體隊(duì)員投票選我擔(dān)任他們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。歸納總結(jié)vote n.投票；選票；表決；vt.&votefor贊成；投某人的票voteagainst投票反對(duì)voteout（以投票方式）罷免（某人）votedown投票否決voteon/upon對(duì)……投票表決votesth.through表決通過(guò)（提案等）choose用法：choose+n. 選中choose+todo 決定；愿意choosefrom/between 從選choosesb.+as 選某人…choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.為某人選某物choose+wh-+todocannotchoosebuttodo Somepeoplesaythattheychoosetoliveinthecountryside.choice noun[CorU] anactorthepossibilityofchoosing:It'sadifficultchoicetomake.這個(gè)選擇很難做。It'syourchoice/Thechoiceisyours(=onlyyoucandecide).你來(lái)決定。Itwasachoicebetweenpainnoworpainlater,soIchosepainlater. 之間的選擇，我選后痛。Nowyouknowallthefacts,youcanmakeaninformedchoice. 以根據(jù)了解的情況作出選擇。I'dprefernottoworkbutIdon'thavemuchchoice(=thisisnotpossible).我不愿意工作，但我沒(méi)什么選擇余地。Hehadnochoicebuttoaccept(=Hehadtoaccept).他沒(méi)辦法只能接受。Isshesinglebychoice?她自己選擇單身的嗎？…wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)。either….or….both…and….兩者都neither….nor…兩者都不Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。only位于句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子采用部分倒裝的語(yǔ)序；修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有主句采用部分倒裝的語(yǔ)序。如：①Onlyinthiswaycanyoucomeupwithasolutiontotheproblem.只有這樣，你才能想出解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法。②Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.叫了三次他才來(lái)參加會(huì)議。③Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayin病的很重時(shí)，他才臥床休息。OnlythendidIrealizemymistake..注意:only只有在修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子才出現(xiàn)部分倒裝；若修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子則不倒裝。Onlyheknewhowtosolvetheproblem.只有他知道如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。In1963,Ihelpedhimblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.1963年，我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽?。blowup（使）;對(duì)某人）發(fā)火，動(dòng)怒Rebelsattemptedtoblowupthebridge.叛亂分子企圖炸毀橋梁。Canyoulendmeapumptoblowupmybicycletyres??IwassurprisedatthewayheblewupatHardy.blowout吹滅，熄滅blowoff不重視blowaway吹走blowdown吹倒ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.equalv.等于；抵得上；adj.相等的；勝任的;n.同等的人；相等物AequalsB ABAisequaltoB ABbeequaltosth./doing勝任某事beequalwith與……相等Threeplustwoequalsfive.=Threeplustwoisequaltofive. 325。注意以下介詞的搭配：besimilarto同……相似befamiliartosb.為某人所熟知befamiliarwithsth.熟悉某物beindifferenttobekindto對(duì)……很和藹bepoliteto對(duì)……很有禮貌befriendlyto對(duì)……很友好EliaswenttoseeNelsonMrouble處于不幸中askfortrouble自尋煩惱getintotrouble遇到麻煩havetroubleindoingsth.做某事有困難maketrouble制造麻煩Heisintrouble.Leshelphimout.他處境不好，讓我們幫幫他吧。Ayachtsmangotintotroubleoffthecoastandhadtoberescued.一個(gè)駕駛帆船的人在海上遇險(xiǎn)需要救援。Thenaughtyboyisalwaysmakingtrouble,butnowheisreallyintrouble.那個(gè)淘氣的男孩總是制造亂子，不過(guò)，現(xiàn)在他自己真的遇到麻煩了。Elisawaswillingtoblowupgovernmentbuildings.bewillingtodosth.樂(lè)意做某事beunwillingtodosth.不愿意做某事loseheart灰心，泄氣loseheartto愛(ài)上某人breakheart使人難過(guò)（心碎heartandsoul全心全意地fromthebottomofheart從內(nèi)心里learnsth.byheart熟記aheavyheart沉重的心情putone’sheartintosth.對(duì)……全力以赴，一心一意16...Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.那是一個(gè)沒(méi)有人從那里逃掉的監(jiān)獄。escape v,n逃脫；避免afireescape消防通道 haveanarrowescape九死一生verb.[+from] Alionhasescapedfromitscage.一只獅子從籠子里跑了。[+sth] (1)Shewasluckytoescapeseriousinjury.她很幸運(yùn)避免了嚴(yán)重的傷害。(2)Nothingimportantescapeshernotice/attention.重要的事她總能注意到。[+v-ing] Henarrowlyescapedpunishment/beingpunished.他僥幸逃脫了懲罰。[+sb] Hisnameescapesme(=Ihaveforgottenhisname).我想不起他的名字了。noun:Theyhad/madeanarrowescapewhentheircarcrashed.撞車時(shí)他們勉強(qiáng)逃過(guò)一劫。escaped adj. anescapedprisoner一個(gè)逃犯Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestoppedfromstudyingfortheirdegrees.他說(shuō)他們不該被剝奪為獲得學(xué)位而學(xué)習(xí)的權(quán)利。本句中包含“stop...fromdoing”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“阻止……干某事”。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有“prevent/keep...fromdoing”Theywerenotclevererthanme,buttheydidpasstheir他們并不比我更聰明，卻通過(guò)了考試。本句中notclevererthan的比較級(jí)+than”no+adj./adv的比較級(jí)+tha”結(jié)構(gòu)意為“ 和……一樣不……，表示說(shuō)話人的主觀感受。did起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞原形前加do,does或Dobecareful!HedoesspeakEnglishwell.Hedidreadtheletterjust19..IworkagainfortwentyyearsuntilMr.MandelaandtheANCetopower意為：上臺(tái)；掌權(quán)。beinpower當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政 losepower失去權(quán)beyond/outofpower某人力所不及的withinpower某人力所能及的doeverythinginpowertodo竭盡全力做某事come名詞可構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：comeintoactioncomeintofashion流行comeintoeffect生效comeintooffice就職(1)Whenhecameto/intopower,hebrokehispromiseofreducingtaxes.(2)I’lldoeverythinginmypowertohelpyou.20..IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.我第一次向（參觀）小組談?wù)摚_本島監(jiān)獄的情況）時(shí)，心里覺(jué)得很不好受。EachtimeIcalledonhim,hewasverybusy. 我每次拜訪他，他都很忙。Hecametoseemeimmediatelyhecameback. 歸納總結(jié)句中的 thefirsttime用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“第一次……時(shí)。名詞短語(yǔ)作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的有：themomenttheminute =assoonastheinstanteverytime每次/回……就……eachtime每當(dāng)……時(shí)nexttime下次……時(shí)anytime（在）任何時(shí)間instantly,immediately,directlyassoon即學(xué)即用TheysaidthejobandthepayfromthenewSouthAfricangovernmentweremyrewardafterworkingallmylifeforequalrightsfortheBlacks. 薪水是對(duì)我多年為黑人的平等權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)的回報(bào)。reward n.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞。inreward(for...)作為（對(duì)……的）報(bào)答givearewardtosb.for為某事給某人報(bào)酬（或賞金rewardsb.for(doing)因（做）某事報(bào)答某人rewardsb.with用某物事報(bào)答某人易混辨異reward,award,prizereward東西而得到的賞金和酬金。award譽(yù)而不在于獎(jiǎng)品的大小或獎(jiǎng)金的多少。Mr.Wanghasbeenawardedthetitleof“AdvancedWorkers”.王先生被授予“先進(jìn)工作者”的稱號(hào)。rewardaward的意思是則表示答，酬謝之意。亦可從結(jié)構(gòu)上區(qū)分兩者：rewardsb.forsth.,award。Hewasawardedthefirstprizefor “OutstandingIndustrialDesign”. “”獎(jiǎng)。prize氣獲得。Inthismonth’scompetitionyoucouldwinaprizeworth$3,000.在這個(gè)月的比賽中，你可能獲得價(jià)值3000美元的獎(jiǎng)金。Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,whichwasbeyondhiswildestdream.Wewilloffera(n)rewardoftentho