雅思閱讀難句分析之省略句

雅思閱讀：難句分析之省略英國大文豪在他的名著《哈姆雷特》里寫過這么一句名言：Brevityisthesoulofwit.(言以簡潔為貴。)寫文章也好，說話也好，都要求生動活潑，簡單明了，因文章要做到簡潔，省略法(Ellipsis)已出現(xiàn)的某些成分，為了避免不必要的重復(fù)，可以不再出現(xiàn)而不致引起誤解或歧義，這Gladoey.I可以省略。再如：nisneemes,adPrisneie.is了使譯文明確達意，符合漢語習(xí)慣，要在正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，對原文中省略的部分或保留或補21種，本章只涉及在英語閱讀中常遇到的比較復(fù)雜的省略現(xiàn)象。Thetranscriptionneedsacertainamountofediting,asevenifthecomputercanlthedifferencebetweenwordsofsimilarsoundssuchaswriteandright,itisstillnotyetabletodotheworkaswellasaninligentsecretary.第一層：Thetranscriptionneedsacertainamountofediting,asevenifthecomputercanlthedifferencebetweenwordsofsimilar狀語從句soundssuchaswriteandright，itisstillnotyetabletodotheworkaswellasaninligentsecretary.第二層：(狀語從句)as引evenifthecomputercanlthedifferencebetweenwordsofsimilarsoundssuchaswriteandright,1itisstillnotyetable表todothework賓aswellasaninte‐lligentsecretary.狀語從句第三層：(狀語從句1)evenif引thecomputer主canl謂thebetweenwordsofsimilarsoundssuchaswriteandright(狀語從句2)aswellas引aninligentsecretaryasevenif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;介詞短語betweenwordsofsimilarsounds修飾difference，suchaswriteandrightwords，aswellas……為同等比較狀語從句，其中省略了與主句相同的部分。inligent：有才智的;理解力強的。如write和right，它仍不可能把這項工作做得像有思維能力的那樣好。Ifaneedleisthrownatrandomonasheetofpaperruledwithlineswhosedistanceapartisexactlyequaltothelengthoftheneedle,howoftencanitbeexpectedtofallonalineandhowoftenintoablankspace?第一層：Ifaneedleisthrownatrandomonasheetofpaperruledwithwhosedistanceapartisexactlyequaltothelen‐狀語從句gthoftheneedle,howoftencanitbeexpectedtofallonalineandhowoftenintoablank狀第二層：(狀語從句)Ifaneedleisthrownatrandomonasheetofpaperruledwithlineswhosedistanceapartisexactlyequaltothelengthoftheneedle定語從句第三層：(定語從句)whose引distanceapart主is系exactly狀equaltothelengthoftheneedle要點這是復(fù)合句。在if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，ruledwithlines是過去分詞，作paper的定語，whose……needlelines的定語從句，whosedistanceapart們之間的間隔”。主句中and后面是個省略句，省去了canitbeexpectedtofall.翻譯時可將英文的語態(tài)譯成漢語的主動語態(tài)。length：長度。rulepaperwithlines：在紙上劃平行線。的間隔等于針的長度，那么針落上的幾率是多少?落在空白處的幾率又是多少Allthatamanhastosayordothatcanpossiblyconcernmankind,isinsomeshapeorothertolthestoryofhislove‐tosing,andifheisfortunateandkeepsalive,hewillbeforeverinlove.要點本句是由and連接在一起的并列句。前一個分句的主干是All……is……tolthestory……‐tosing.all后面有兩個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，第一個that從句修飾allthat指代其前的that從句，翻譯時可表條件。tosing強語氣，其后可視為省略了賓語thestoryofhislove,tol和tosing是并列關(guān)系。譯文一個人應(yīng)該說的或做的，只要關(guān)系到人類，那么都是以這樣或那樣的形式來講述乃至謳歌自己的愛的故事;而且，如果他是幸運的、有的，他將是充滿愛的。Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.要點本句位并列句，前一個分句帶一個As引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，狀語從句中moveawayfromtheir……，their……，theirand后的分句theconfidenceiscutoff，it指的是信息被切斷的情況。失了。Andbythehelpoffurtherreasoning,whichifdrawnoutwouldhavebeenexhibitedintwoorthreeothersyllogism,youarriveatyourfinaldetermination,Iwillnothavethatapple.youarriveatyourfinaldetermination.bytheofwhichreasoning.ifdrawnout是省略ifthereasoningcanbedrawnout.翻譯時采用順序法，定語從句采用分句法。syllogism：;演繹推理。種演繹推理，你便會做出最終決定：“我不吃那個蘋果了?！盜tisquiteunnervingnottobeabletoseeortoestablishcontactwiththeother,eventhoughwehavelearnttohaveconversationswithpeoplewecannotsee,asontheephone.itnottobeabletoseeortoestablishcontactwiththeother.在狀語從句中as是連詞，意思是“正如…一樣”，as后面省去了wehaveconversations.翻譯時采用逆序法，把eventhough接觸不到對方的談話也會使人感到很不自在。Actuallyweknowofnotypeofastronomicalbodyinwhichtheconditionscanbefavorabletolifeexceptplanetslikeourownrevolvingroundasun.要點這是復(fù)合句。inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾astronomicalbody.介詞exceptlikeourownplanet.revolving為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，修飾ourownplanet.翻譯時根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣，將狀語提前譯譯文事實上，除了像地球這樣圍繞旋轉(zhuǎn)的行星以外，我們不知道是否在其他類型的天體上也有適合生命存在的條件。Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers.要點這是主從復(fù)合句。其主句的謂語動詞是hadlesstodowith……than……，分，如在hadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkand(with)anincreaseinleisuretimewith;在……thanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityand(itdidwithhighmarriageratesitdid.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾highmarriagerates.翻譯時采用融合法，把重要的部分放在句首。譯文20世紀(jì)已婚女性走門參加工作人數(shù)的增加主要是因為她們自己的經(jīng)濟需要，還與高結(jié)婚率使可參加工作的單身女工人數(shù)減少有關(guān)，而與家務(wù)機械化、婦女空閑時間增多關(guān)系不大。TheEuropeanUnionisanimperfectcreature,withsomeofitsactionsbasedonfineprinciplesofpoliticaleconomyandsomeonpoorones.withsomeofitsactionsbasedonfineprinciples是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語。因為與前一部分結(jié)構(gòu)相同，句子后一部分省略了(with)some(ofitsactionsbased)on