新概念1練習(xí)(賓語從句)

/121．語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即"主句＋連詞+賓語從句（主語+謂語+）"句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1）連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有：who，what，which等。如：Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer，please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?2）連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，howmany，howmuch等。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom.老師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，howmany，howmuch，when，why，how，where,if/whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：Hehasn'tdecided訐he'llgoonatriptoWuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?4）連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，howmany，howmuch，how等。如：Doyouknowwhichclassheisin?你知道他在哪個班嗎？Sheaskedme訐Iknewwhosepenitwas.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2．連接詞1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：Hesaidthathecouldfinishhisworkbeforesupper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用訐或whether引導(dǎo)，意為"是否"。如：don'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：在具有選擇意義，又有or或ornot時，尤其是直接與ornot連用時，往往用whether（if...ornot也可以使用）。如：Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot.（=Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing.）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego.我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如：「minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項(xiàng)工作。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。don'tknowwhethertogo.我不知去否。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.這是否真的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Thequestioniswhetherwecancatchthebus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。若用訐會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknow訐youlikethebook.可理解為：Couldyoutellmewhyyouwerelateforthemeetingthismorning?你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎？3.時態(tài)含賓語從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1）如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如：Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。2）如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如：Thechildrendidn'tknowwhohewas.孩子們不知道他是誰。Heaskedhisfatherhowithappened.他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。4．注意：訐和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。訐和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，分別意為"是否"和"何時"，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為"如果，假如"和"當(dāng)時候"，當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.->LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.->Wedecidedtohelphim.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know，learn，rember，forget，tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為"疑問詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.->Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell，ask，show，teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為"疑問詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?->Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation?方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order（命令）‘require（需要）等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為"名詞（代詞）+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.->Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化。例如：Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.->Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorboydoesn'tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.->Thepoorboydoesn'tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為"賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.->LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如：Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.->Theboysseemedtowin.thicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.->Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy習(xí)題（一）Thegirlsaskedifthey__somefoodanddrinkwiththem.tooktaketakeswilltakeCatherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.hasnevergonehadnevergonehasneverbeenhadneverbeenThestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.hadhas.willhaveareSheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.couldsheshecouldshecanshemayLindasaidthemoon___ledhastravelledtravelshadtravelled答案:1-5ADCBC習(xí)題（二）1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?whowhatwhenthatIdon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.whatifwhenwhereIhardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.thatwhatwhichwhoShedidn'tknow___backsoon.whetherhewouldbeifwouldhebehewillbeIdon'tknow___hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.whetherBwhereC.whatwhenDoyouknow___theylistenedtoyesterdayeveningwhatBwhenCwhyDhowHeaskedme___toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose答案:1-7CBBAAAC習(xí)題（三）Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhichPleasetellme___whatlastyear.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworkedSheaskedmeifIknew___.whosepenisitwhosepenitwaswhosepenitiswhosepenwasitYoumustrember.whatyourmothersaidwhatdidyourmothersayyourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaidDidyouknow__?whohewaslookingafterwhowashelookingforwhoheislookingforwhoheislookingafterCouldyoutellme___?whenwilltheyleaveBeijingwhenwouldtheyleaveBeijingwhentheywillleaveBeijingwhendidtheyleaveBeijing答案:1-6BDBAAC1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper___WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.（北京市東城區(qū)）thathowwhatif-HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.（杭州市）whywhenhowwhere3.-Weneverknow___theoldmanis.-Theysayheisateacher.（鄂州市）whatwhowhichwherethathowhowthatwhenthatthatwhen-Doyouknow___I'mgoingtoseehim.-Sorry,Idon'tknow.（北京市海淀區(qū)）wheredoesMr.LilivewheredidMr.LilivewhereMr.LiliveswhereMr.Lilived-Sorry,Ihavenoide