雅思閱讀-標(biāo)題-heading(課堂)課件

LECTURETHREE

小標(biāo)題1LECTURETHREE1Firstthingsfirst基礎(chǔ)較好,Listofheading則一般先做Listofheading題出現(xiàn)在文章前，要特別注意不要漏做在真實考試中，每個標(biāo)題只用一次例子中已經(jīng)選過的段落可以直接去掉注意不要寫串答案2Firstthingsfirst基礎(chǔ)較好,ListofHeading兩大解題方法：1.文章著手:

抓住文章每段的主題句,（特殊：把握具體名詞的所屬類別）2.選項著手:A:抓住每個heading中的KEYWORDSB:判斷heading的語法邏輯關(guān)系

3Heading兩大解題方法：1.文章著手:3判斷原則:正確的heading一般都是文章主題句的改寫或濃縮替換現(xiàn)象十分明顯1.文章具體，選項更抽象概括2.文章措辭更難4判斷原則:正確的heading一般都是文章主題句的改寫或濃Method1:查找topicsentence1.readthe1st,2ndandlastsentenceofeveryparagraphtofindthetopicsentence2.checkwhichheadingcorrespondswiththetopicsentence5Method1:查找topicsentence1FollowthefollowingprocedureThe1st,2nd&theLastSentencesTopicSentenceMainIdeaMostsuitableHeadingListofHeadings6FollowthefollowingprocedureIII主題句與支持句練習(xí)

Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersacrossthenation,steelwallshavereplacedthefoot-thickbrickandmortarwallsonceused.Testsshowthatasteelwallfourinchesthickhasbetterinsulatingqualitiesthana12-inchthicknessofmasonry.Inaddition,steel-curtainwallpanelssavebothtimeandlabor.Andthefloorspaceconservesredbyuseofthethinwallasagainstthethickwallinabigofficebuildingcanmeanacoupleofhundreddollarsayearinrentals.Topicsentenceandsupportingdetails?Topicsentence:agrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersusesteelwallsinsteadofbrick-and-mortarwalls.Supportingideas:1)Asteelwallhasbetterinsulatingproperties.2)Steelwallpanelssavetimeandlabor.3)Asteelwallconservesfloorspace.7III主題句與支持句練習(xí)

InagrowinSomeShortcuts主題句一定是包含性最強(qiáng)的句子1.例句不是主題句2.問句不是主題句3.從句不是主題句4.明顯包含細(xì)節(jié)的句子不是主題句5.however出現(xiàn)后看后半句6.sbbelieve/hold/imply等引導(dǎo)的賓從是主句7.Inspiteof/despite,看后半句8.平行關(guān)系的段落沒有主題句8SomeShortcuts主題句一定是包含性最強(qiáng)的句子8段落主題句還可能是：定義句型：

Aisdefinedas…/isknownas…

Ais…/Namely/Thatis…/Thisis…9段落主題句還可能是：定義句型：9特例：notopicsentenceMasteryoftheme

主旨＝Topic＋趨勢10特例：notopicsentenceMasteryoTopicTopic是段落的中心，是整段描述的重點。Feature:1.某特定單詞反復(fù)出現(xiàn)2.以指代詞形式出現(xiàn)3.以同義詞/近義詞/同類詞的形式出現(xiàn)11TopicTopic是段落的中心，是整段描述的重點。11特例：notopicsentence某些段落主題句不明顯，是一系列細(xì)節(jié)的羅列，此時需要歸納出它們所屬的類別。ParagraphC:Thereisatoasteroven,ablender,andacanopenerononecounter.Ihaveamicrowaveovenonanother.Inmycupboard,youcanfindamixerandahotairpopcornpopper.Onthefarsideofthekitchen,thereisacoffeemachineandcoffeegrinder.Heading4kitchenutensils12特例：notopicsentence某些段落主題句不明Method2:AnalysisofheadingsA:分析每個heading的核心詞匯,

反向去推斷相應(yīng)段落的可能內(nèi)容

13Method2:Analysisofheadings分析1.Heading中有either…or,and等表示并列平行關(guān)系,相應(yīng)段落會同時談到幾方面2.有because則相應(yīng)段落會出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系詞匯3.含有反義詞的Heading會談到正反兩方面內(nèi)容如:Twofactorshaveledtoabroaderrangeofoptionsforalladequateandinadequateexplanationof…14分析1.Heading中有either…or,and等表特殊heading：含有rate/ratio/proportion/percentage等詞的Heading往往對應(yīng)%多的段落含有number/figure/statistics/demographics等詞的Heading往往對應(yīng)數(shù)字集中的段落含有financial/business/income/revenue/salary/wage/commercial等詞的Heading往往對應(yīng)￥$符號多的段落

15特殊heading：15特殊Heading：TWINS：兩個Headings形式相同或者互成反義選項,其中必有一個是正確答案

16特殊Heading：TWINS：16Method2:analysisofheadingsB:分析heading的關(guān)鍵詞匯,

從而反向推斷相應(yīng)段落的位置，即開頭、中間和結(jié)尾17Method2:analysisofheadingsHintsfromwordsintheheadings1.wordssignifyingthebeginningofapassage2.wordssignifyingthemiddlepartsofapassage3.wordssignifyingtheendofapassage18Hintsfromwordsintheheadin1.wordssignifyingthebeginning（1）名詞+of+文章主標(biāo)題

concept,

conception,

introduction,

definition,

explanation,

notion,

core,

essence,

justification,view/mainidea/demonstration/orientation/initiation,what

is

+

文章主標(biāo)題

（2）動詞+文章主標(biāo)題

define,

justify

（3）形容詞+名詞+of+文章主標(biāo)題

basic,

intrinsic,

fundamental

+

factors/

elementsof+topic

191.wordssignifyingthebeginn2.wordssignifyingthemiddle（1）所有的比較選項

compare,

contrast,

rival,

similar,

match,

coincide…with,

contrary

to,

opposite

to,

versus,

akin…to,

alien…to

（2）數(shù)字選項

data,

figure,

demography,

demographic,

statistic,

census,

calculation（3）百分比選項

rate,

ratio,

percentage,

proportion,

density

202.wordssignifyingthemiddle（4）金錢符號選項

wage,

income,

cost,

expense,

expenditure,

revenue,

salary

（5）時間指示詞

decade,

generation,

ages,

long

time,

long

term,

long

tradition,

long

process,

long

procedure,

centuryheritage21（4）金錢符號選項

wage,

income,

cost,

3.wordssignifyingtheendingeffect(affect),

impact,

consequence

result,generalization,

conclusion,

summary/aftermath/anticipationProspect/vision+文章的TOPIC

223.wordssignifyingtheending2323242425252626272728282929303031313232LECTURETHREE

小標(biāo)題33LECTURETHREE1Firstthingsfirst基礎(chǔ)較好,Listofheading則一般先做Listofheading題出現(xiàn)在文章前，要特別注意不要漏做在真實考試中，每個標(biāo)題只用一次例子中已經(jīng)選過的段落可以直接去掉注意不要寫串答案34Firstthingsfirst基礎(chǔ)較好,ListofHeading兩大解題方法：1.文章著手:

抓住文章每段的主題句,（特殊：把握具體名詞的所屬類別）2.選項著手:A:抓住每個heading中的KEYWORDSB:判斷heading的語法邏輯關(guān)系

35Heading兩大解題方法：1.文章著手:3判斷原則:正確的heading一般都是文章主題句的改寫或濃縮替換現(xiàn)象十分明顯1.文章具體，選項更抽象概括2.文章措辭更難36判斷原則:正確的heading一般都是文章主題句的改寫或濃Method1:查找topicsentence1.readthe1st,2ndandlastsentenceofeveryparagraphtofindthetopicsentence2.checkwhichheadingcorrespondswiththetopicsentence37Method1:查找topicsentence1FollowthefollowingprocedureThe1st,2nd&theLastSentencesTopicSentenceMainIdeaMostsuitableHeadingListofHeadings38FollowthefollowingprocedureIII主題句與支持句練習(xí)

Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersacrossthenation,steelwallshavereplacedthefoot-thickbrickandmortarwallsonceused.Testsshowthatasteelwallfourinchesthickhasbetterinsulatingqualitiesthana12-inchthicknessofmasonry.Inaddition,steel-curtainwallpanelssavebothtimeandlabor.Andthefloorspaceconservesredbyuseofthethinwallasagainstthethickwallinabigofficebuildingcanmeanacoupleofhundreddollarsayearinrentals.Topicsentenceandsupportingdetails?Topicsentence:agrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersusesteelwallsinsteadofbrick-and-mortarwalls.Supportingideas:1)Asteelwallhasbetterinsulatingproperties.2)Steelwallpanelssavetimeandlabor.3)Asteelwallconservesfloorspace.39III主題句與支持句練習(xí)

InagrowinSomeShortcuts主題句一定是包含性最強(qiáng)的句子1.例句不是主題句2.問句不是主題句3.從句不是主題句4.明顯包含細(xì)節(jié)的句子不是主題句5.however出現(xiàn)后看后半句6.sbbelieve/hold/imply等引導(dǎo)的賓從是主句7.Inspiteof/despite,看后半句8.平行關(guān)系的段落沒有主題句40SomeShortcuts主題句一定是包含性最強(qiáng)的句子8段落主題句還可能是：定義句型：

Aisdefinedas…/isknownas…

Ais…/Namely/Thatis…/Thisis…41段落主題句還可能是：定義句型：9特例：notopicsentenceMasteryoftheme

主旨＝Topic＋趨勢42特例：notopicsentenceMasteryoTopicTopic是段落的中心，是整段描述的重點。Feature:1.某特定單詞反復(fù)出現(xiàn)2.以指代詞形式出現(xiàn)3.以同義詞/近義詞/同類詞的形式出現(xiàn)43TopicTopic是段落的中心，是整段描述的重點。11特例：notopicsentence某些段落主題句不明顯，是一系列細(xì)節(jié)的羅列，此時需要歸納出它們所屬的類別。ParagraphC:Thereisatoasteroven,ablender,andacanopenerononecounter.Ihaveamicrowaveovenonanother.Inmycupboard,youcanfindamixerandahotairpopcornpopper.Onthefarsideofthekitchen,thereisacoffeemachineandcoffeegrinder.Heading4kitchenutensils44特例：notopicsentence某些段落主題句不明Method2:AnalysisofheadingsA:分析每個heading的核心詞匯,

反向去推斷相應(yīng)段落的可能內(nèi)容

45Method2:Analysisofheadings分析1.Heading中有either…or,and等表示并列平行關(guān)系,相應(yīng)段落會同時談到幾方面2.有because則相應(yīng)段落會出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系詞匯3.含有反義詞的Heading會談到正反兩方面內(nèi)容如:Twofactorshaveledtoabroaderrangeofoptionsforalladequateandinadequateexplanationof…46分析1.Heading中有either…or,and等表特殊heading：含有rate/ratio/proportion/percentage等詞的Heading往往對應(yīng)%多的段落含有number/figure/statistics/demographics等詞的Heading往往對應(yīng)數(shù)字集中的段落含有financial/business/income/revenue/salary/wage/commercial等詞的Heading往往對應(yīng)￥$符號多的段落

47特殊heading：15特殊Heading：TWINS：兩個Headings形式相同或者互成反義選項,其中必有一個是正確答案

48特殊Heading：TWINS：16Method2:analysisofheadingsB:分析heading的關(guān)鍵詞匯,

從而反向推斷相應(yīng)段落的位置，即開頭、中間和結(jié)尾49Method2:analysisofheadingsHintsfromwordsintheheadings1.wordssignifyingthebeginningofapassage2.wordssignifyingthemiddlepartsofapassage3.wordssignifyingtheendofapassage50Hintsfromwordsintheheadin1.wordssignifyingthebeginning（1）名詞+of+文章主標(biāo)題

concept,

conception,

introduction,

definition,

explanation,

notion,

core,

essence,

justification,view/mainidea/demonstration/orientation/initiation,what

is

+

文章主標(biāo)題

（2）動詞+文章主標(biāo)題

define,

justify

（3）形容詞+名詞+of+文章主標(biāo)題

basic,