castles城堡世界解析課件

castlescastles12/29/2022Whatisthecastle?Howwerethecastlesconstructed?Howdidthecastlesdevelop?Doyoukonwsomefamouscastles?Questions12/26/2022Whatisthecastle?Q212/29/2022DenifinitionandEtymology（詞源）AcastleisafortifiedstructurebuiltinEuropeandtheMiddleEastduringtheMiddleAgesbynobility.ThewordcastleisderivedfromtheLatinwordcastellumwhichmeans"fortifiedplace".ThewordcastlewasintroducedintoEnglishshortlybeforetheNormanConquesttoindicatethistypeofbuilding,whichwasthennewtoEngland.12/26/2022DenifinitionandEty312/29/2022MotteandBaileyCastlesanartificialmoundcalledamotte.（土墩）Thebailey

wasthecourtyardwithinthewallsofthecastle.

(城堡外庭)12/26/2022MotteandBaileyCas412/29/2022Drawbridge（吊橋）

Awoodenbridgethatledtoagatewayandwascapableofbeingraisedorlowered.12/26/2022Drawbridge（吊橋）512/29/2022Moats（護(hù)城河）Water,orawideditch（溝渠）,veryoftensurroundedthecastles.12/26/2022Moats（護(hù)城河）Water,or612/29/2022Turrets（炮塔）andTowers（塔樓）Acastleturretwasasmalltowerrisingaboveandrestingononeofthemaintowers,usuallyusedasalookoutpoint.12/26/2022Turrets（炮塔）andTowe712/29/2022Battlements（城垛）Anarrowwallbuiltalongtheouteredgeofthewalltoprotectsoldiersagainstattack.12/26/2022Battlements（城垛）812/29/2022Gatehouse(城樓)Thegatehouseguardedtheentranceofthecastleoritstown.Theportcullis（吊閘門）insidethegatehousewasextremelyheavyandwasusedtosealofftheentrance.12/26/2022Gatehouse(城樓)912/29/2022ArrowSlits（箭縫）

Anarrowvertical（垂直的）slitcutintoawallthroughwhicharrowscouldbefiredfrominside.12/26/2022ArrowSlits（箭縫）1012/29/2022Keep（城堡主樓）Theinnerstrongholdofthecastlewascalledthekeep.12/26/2022Keep（城堡主樓）The1112/29/2022ConcentricCastles（同軸城堡）

Concentriccastleswouldhavetwocircuits（圈）ofwallsandflankingtowers.Theinnerwallwouldbehigherthantheouter.12/26/2022ConcentricCastles（同1212/29/2022ACastle'sFunctionFortress（堡壘）andmilitaryprotectionCenteroflocalgovernmentHomeoftheowner,usuallyaking12/26/2022ACastle'sFunctionF1312/29/2022Briefhistoryofcastles9thand10thcenturiesThebreakdownoftheCarolingianEmpireledtotheprivatisationofgovernment,andlocallordsassumedresponsibilityfortheeconomyandjustice.

12/26/2022Briefhistoryofcas1412/29/202211thcentury

DespitethecommonperiodinwhichcastlesrosetoprominenceinEurope,theirformanddesignvariedfromregiontoregion.Intheearly11thcentury,themotteandkeeparethemostcommonformofcastleinEurope.WhileBritain,France,andItalysharedatraditionofwoodconstructionincastlearchitecture,Spainmorecommonlyusedstoneormud-brickasthemainbuildingmaterial.12/26/202211thcentury1512/29/2022Untilthe12thcentury,stone-builtandearthandwoodencastleswerecontemporary,butbythelate12thcentury,thenumberofcastlesbeingbuiltwentintodecline.Untilthelate12thcentury,castlesgenerallyhadfewtowers;agatewaywithfewdefensivefeaturessuchasarrowslitsoraportcullis(吊閘門).anewlyconstructedcastle:polygonal（多邊形的）inshape,withtowersatthecornerstoprovidefireforthewalls.

12thcentury12/26/2022

12thcen1612/29/202213thto15thcenturiesIntheearly13thcentury,CrusadercastlesweremostlybuiltbyMilitaryOrders.TheCrusadesalsoledtotheintroductionofmachicolations（炮眼）intoWesternarchitecture.ConcentriccastleswerewidelycopiedacrossEurope.ThegreatestperiodofcastlebuildinginSpainwasinthe11thto13thcenturies,andtheyweremostcommonlyfoundinthedisputedbordersbetweenChristianandMuslimlands.12/26/202213thto15thcenturi1712/29/2022德國瓦爾特堡芬蘭圖爾庫城堡12/26/2022德國瓦爾特堡1812/29/2022英國溫莎城堡瑞士西庸城堡12/26/2022英國溫莎城堡瑞士1912/29/2022德國寧芬堡法國朗熱堡12/26/2022德國寧芬堡2012/29/2022Thankyou12/26/2022Thankyou21castlescastles12/29/2022Whatisthecastle?Howwerethecastlesconstructed?Howdidthecastlesdevelop?Doyoukonwsomefamouscastles?Questions12/26/2022Whatisthecastle?Q2312/29/2022DenifinitionandEtymology（詞源）AcastleisafortifiedstructurebuiltinEuropeandtheMiddleEastduringtheMiddleAgesbynobility.ThewordcastleisderivedfromtheLatinwordcastellumwhichmeans"fortifiedplace".ThewordcastlewasintroducedintoEnglishshortlybeforetheNormanConquesttoindicatethistypeofbuilding,whichwasthennewtoEngland.12/26/2022DenifinitionandEty2412/29/2022MotteandBaileyCastlesanartificialmoundcalledamotte.（土墩）Thebailey

wasthecourtyardwithinthewallsofthecastle.

(城堡外庭)12/26/2022MotteandBaileyCas2512/29/2022Drawbridge（吊橋）

Awoodenbridgethatledtoagatewayandwascapableofbeingraisedorlowered.12/26/2022Drawbridge（吊橋）2612/29/2022Moats（護(hù)城河）Water,orawideditch（溝渠）,veryoftensurroundedthecastles.12/26/2022Moats（護(hù)城河）Water,or2712/29/2022Turrets（炮塔）andTowers（塔樓）Acastleturretwasasmalltowerrisingaboveandrestingononeofthemaintowers,usuallyusedasalookoutpoint.12/26/2022Turrets（炮塔）andTowe2812/29/2022Battlements（城垛）Anarrowwallbuiltalongtheouteredgeofthewalltoprotectsoldiersagainstattack.12/26/2022Battlements（城垛）2912/29/2022Gatehouse(城樓)Thegatehouseguardedtheentranceofthecastleoritstown.Theportcullis（吊閘門）insidethegatehousewasextremelyheavyandwasusedtosealofftheentrance.12/26/2022Gatehouse(城樓)3012/29/2022ArrowSlits（箭縫）

Anarrowvertical（垂直的）slitcutintoawallthroughwhicharrowscouldbefiredfrominside.12/26/2022ArrowSlits（箭縫）3112/29/2022Keep（城堡主樓）Theinnerstrongholdofthecastlewascalledthekeep.12/26/2022Keep（城堡主樓）The3212/29/2022ConcentricCastles（同軸城堡）

Concentriccastleswouldhavetwocircuits（圈）ofwallsandflankingtowers.Theinnerwallwouldbehigherthantheouter.12/26/2022ConcentricCastles（同3312/29/2022ACastle'sFunctionFortress（堡壘）andmilitaryprotectionCenteroflocalgovernmentHomeoftheowner,usuallyaking12/26/2022ACastle'sFunctionF3412/29/2022Briefhistoryofcastles9thand10thcenturiesThebreakdownoftheCarolingianEmpireledtotheprivatisationofgovernment,andlocallordsassumedresponsibilityfortheeconomyandjustice.

12/26/2022Briefhistoryofcas3512/29/202211thcentury

DespitethecommonperiodinwhichcastlesrosetoprominenceinEurope,theirformanddesignvariedfromregiontoregion.Intheearly11thcentury,themotteandkeeparethemostcommonformofcastleinEurope.WhileBritain,France,andItalysharedatraditionofwoodconstructionincastlearchitecture,Spainmorecommonlyusedstoneormud-brickasthemainbuildingmaterial.12/26/202211thcentury3612/29/2022Untilthe12thcentury,stone-builtandearthandwoodencastleswerecontemporary,butbythelate12thcentury,thenumberofcastlesbeingbuiltwentintodecline.Untilthelate12thcentury,castlesgenerallyhadfewtowers;agatewaywithfewdefensivefeaturessuchasarrowslitsoraportcullis(吊閘門).anewlyconstructedcastle:polygonal（多邊形的）inshape,withtow