2019中考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)-被動(dòng)語態(tài)專題

態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)以及時(shí)態(tài)變換知識梳理被動(dòng)語態(tài)一．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句法功能當(dāng)不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。e.g.:Japaneseistaughtinthatschool.（類似warmingup中的“DODO”，英漢說話習(xí)慣的相似性）當(dāng)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí)。e.g.:Herbookwillbebroughttomorrowmorning.看圖學(xué)知識，來發(fā)揮你的潛力吧，找到主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的小技巧??！Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.acomputer看圖學(xué)知識，來發(fā)揮你的潛力吧，找到主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的小技巧?。hewaterstheflowerseveryday.acomputerlastterm.Q-^s；O-、Th。flzMararprhc-wc+4-r1rLih"kiarAWOr\i-I_boughtAcomputerwasbought(byme)lastHecancarrythebasket.Thebasketcanbecarriedbyhim.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.總結(jié)：上面例句的小規(guī)律：△主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的方法：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語（執(zhí)行者）（承受者）被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+be+過去分詞(+by+執(zhí)行者)(承受者)一般省略【例題精講】例Children(notallow)toplayfrighteninggames.例TheGreatWall(know)bypeopleallovertheworld.例Allthebuildings(turn)intohospitalsrecently.例Howlongcanthesemagazines(keep)?Keys:1.aren’tallowed2.isknown3.havebeenturned4.bekept【課堂練習(xí)】提高題：Thevegetables(plant)inthefieldsnextweek.Thesoldierwasveryillwhenhe(operate)onbyDr.Bethune.Thepasswordofyouremailboxshould(memorize)..Liquidscan(turn)intogasesiftheirtemperatures(make)hotenough.Thenextmorningthey(find)thatsometrees(blow)downduringthenight.Keys:1.willbeplated2.wasoperated3.bememorized4.turn,aremade5.willfind,willbeblown二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成ODDDOOODD：be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動(dòng)詞do為例）時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)ODDD一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+done一般過去時(shí)didwas/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般將來時(shí)will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone過去完成時(shí)had+donehad+beendone過去將來時(shí)would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)①要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。②把主動(dòng)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，并由by引導(dǎo)。③謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus.主動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者+謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者批注：主動(dòng)，主動(dòng)，主去動(dòng)；被動(dòng)，被動(dòng)，主被動(dòng)。2．帶雙賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語；若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for；Shegavemeabook.（變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)）Iwasgivenabookbyher.（間接賓語me改為了主語口Abookwasgiventomebyher.（直接賓語abook改為了主語口備注：此語法點(diǎn)應(yīng)多呈現(xiàn)后接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞詳細(xì)講解并加強(qiáng)練習(xí)。如：tell,lend,pass,give,buy,bring,take,send,show等.動(dòng)詞短語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)許多由不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語的介詞或副詞。Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely.Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely..to的“前世今生”在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，某些動(dòng)詞之后帶有復(fù)合賓語，即賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，這個(gè)復(fù)合賓語由動(dòng)詞不定式來充當(dāng)，to被省略，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，這個(gè)to還要還原。eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）▲有這種用法的常用動(dòng)詞有：一口二聽三口四看，主動(dòng)語態(tài)to省略，被動(dòng)語態(tài)to還原口seesbdosth（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）sbbeseentodo（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）一感feel二口hear、listento三口（使役動(dòng)詞）make、let、have（馬蘭花）四看see、watch、notice、observe.初中階段不使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況A.系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)Thedishtastesdelicious.Theapplesmellssweet.B.某些說明名詞本身性質(zhì)的動(dòng)詞。如wash,write,sell,readTheplayreadsbetterthanitacts.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.（耐洗）Thepenwritessmoothly寫起來流利。Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.“sell”此處為不及物動(dòng)詞“銷售起來.....”作及物動(dòng)詞為“賣、出售”）C.Need+V-ing“需要被….”Mycarneedsrepairing.我的車需要修理D.Too...to句型Theboxistooheavytolife.E.不及物動(dòng)詞appear,disappear,fail,happen,last,remain,spread,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto,rise等比較rise,fall,happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise,seat是及物動(dòng)詞。（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（對）Thepricehasrisen.（錯(cuò)）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（對）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（錯(cuò)）Thepricehasraised.（對）Thepricehasbeenraised.6.系表結(jié)構(gòu)PK被動(dòng)語態(tài)有些“be+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，它們有可能是“系表結(jié)構(gòu)（即系動(dòng)詞之后由過去分詞來充當(dāng)表語）?！眅g:Thedoorisclosed.門是關(guān)著的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）ThedoorisclosedbyFengping.這個(gè)門是馮平來關(guān)的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Theglassisbroken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是壞的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）TheglassisbrokenbyMary.這個(gè)玻璃杯是瑪麗弄壞的。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）【例題精講】例1.Manyaccidentsbycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause例2.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed例3.Manytreesandflowersinourcityeveryyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.plantsKeys:BDB【課堂練習(xí)】課堂練習(xí)：根據(jù)要求改寫句子TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)口Benforhishonestytheheadmaster.MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)口AnewshirtJackbyMother.Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)口Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce.Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)口Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver.CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian?（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)口CanbysomeagedChinese?Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)口Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday.TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld.（改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)）TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival.Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.（保持原句意思）Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently.Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen.Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten?（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)口Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten?.Keys:1.waspraised,by2.willbebought3.betaken4.aretold5.Russianbeunderstood6.towork7.welcome8.hasbeenraised9.arebeingused10.whomarelooked單項(xiàng)選擇（）1.Nothingcanthegirlfromthere.A.bestopped;goingB.prevent;goingC.stop;togoD.prevent;togo（）2.Althoughyouhavelotsofdifficulties,youmustyourwork.A.carryoutwithB.carryawayonC.carryonwithD.carryover（）3.--It’skindhimtohelpmesolvetheproblem.--Yes,heisalwayskindeverybody.A.of;ofB.of;toC.to:ofD.to;to（）4.Studentsnottousemobilephonesinourschoolnow.

A.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereaskedA.askB.askedC.areaskedD.wereasked()5.WorldEarthDayin1970totellustoprotectourplanet.A.setsupB.setupC.issetupD.wassetup()6.Theterrorists(恐怖分子)inXinjianglastmonth.A.arecaughtB.wascaughtC.werecaughtD.iscaught()7.--Youlookreallytired.?--Ididn'tsleepwelllastnight.Ihadaheadache.A.HowaboutyouB.WhatshouldIdoC.What'sthematterD.Howareyoufeelingnow()8.Thedoctorhasoperatedtheweaksoldiercarefullyforabout10hours.A.toB.forC.withD.on()9.LastMarch,manytreesalongthestreetstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.A.wereplantedB.wereplantingC.hadplantedD.planted()10.Thebasketballmatchwasreallyfantastic,whenJeremyLinscoredinthelastsecond.A.probablyB.especiallyC.exactlyD.mostly()11.Sma