人教版高中英語選修8各單元課文原文

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選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity-Reading

CALIFORNIA

CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveonintheirnewhome.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.NATIVEAMERCANSExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.THESPANISHInthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.In1821,thepeopleofMexicogainedtheirindependencefromSpain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico,andafterthewarwonbytheUSA,MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.However,thereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.Thatiswhytodayover40ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.RUSSIANSIntheearly1800s,Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaska,begansettlinginCalifornia.Todaythereareabout25,000Russian-AmericanslivinginandaroundSanFrancisco.GOLDMINERSIn1848,notlongaftertheAmerican-Mexicanwar,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.ThenadventurersfromEuropeandAsiasoonfollowed.Infact,fewachievedtheirdreamofbecomingrich.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.Theysettledinthenewtownsoronfarms.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.

LATERARRIVALS

AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthe

buildingof

therailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumbersto

Californiainthe1860s.Today,Chinese-AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe"Chinatowns"ofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.

OtherimmigrantssuchasItalians,mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,arrivedinCaliforniainthelate19thcentury.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.Bythe1920sthe

filmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.TheindustryboomattractedEuropeansincludingmanyJewishpeople.TodayCaliforniahasthesecondlargestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates.

JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,

andsincethe1980salotmorehavesettledthere.PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexico.However,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircraftindustries.

MOSTRECENTARRIVALS

Inmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbecomehometomorepeoplefromAsia,

includingKoreans,Cambodians,VietnameseandLaotians.Sinceitsbeginninginthe1970s,thecomputerindustryhasattractedIndiansandPakistanistoCalifornia.THEFUTURE

Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCalifornia.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbe

sogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.

GEORGE’SDIARY12TH—14THJUNE

Monday12th,June

Arrivedearlythismorningbybus.Wentstraighttohoteltodropmyluggage,showerandshave.Thenwentexploring.Firstthingwasarideonacablecar.FromtopofthehillgotaspectacularviewofSanFranciscoBayandthecity.Builtin1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthanhorse-drawntrams.Apparentlyhe'dbeenshockedwhenhesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatram'sbrakesfailed,theconductorcouldnotcontrolthesituationandthetramslippeddownthehilldraggingthehorseswithit.

HadalatelunchatFisherman'sWhat.ThisisthedistrictwhereItalianfishermenfirstcametoSanFranciscointhelate19thcenturyandbeganthefishingindustry.Nowit'satouristareawithlotsofshops,seafoodrestaurantsandbakeries.It'salsotheplacetocatchtheferrytoAngelIslandandotherplacesintheBay.

DidsomuchexploringatFisherman'sWhat.Amexhaustedanddon'tfeellikedoinganythingelse.Earlybedtonight!

Tuesday13th,June

Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(PeterandTerri)andhiredacar.

Spentalldaydrivingaroundthecity.There'safascinatingdrivemarkedoutfor

tourists.Ithasblueandwhitesignswithseagullsonthemtoshowthewaytogo.It'sa

79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.Stoppedmanytimesto

admiretheviewofthecityfromdifferentanglesandtakephotographs.Nowhavea

reallygoodideaofwhatthecity'slike.

Inevening,wenttoChinatownwithPeterandTerri.Chineseimmigrants

settledinthisareainthe1850s.Thefrontsofthebuildingsaredecoratedtolooklike

oldbuildingsinsouthernChina.Sawsomeinterestingtempleshere,anumberof

marketsandagreatmanyrestaurants.Alsoartgalleriesandamuseumcontaining

documents,photographsandallsortsofobjectsaboutthehistoryofChinese

immigration,butitisclosedintheevening.Willgobackduringtheday.Hada

deliciousmealandthenwalkeddownthehilltoourhotel.

Wednesday14th,June

Inmorning,tookferrytoAngelIslandfromtheportinSanFranciscoBay.OnthewayhadagoodviewoftheGoldenGateBridge.From1882to1940AngelIslandwasafamousimmigrationstationwheremanyChinesepeopleappliedforrighttoliveinUSA.Thecellsinthestationwereverysmall,coldanddamp;somedidnotevenhavelightbuttheimmigrantshadnowhereelsetogo.Theirmiserablestayseemedtobepunishmentratherthanjusticeandfreedomtothem.TheywrotepoemsonthewallsabouttheirlonelinessandmournedtheirformerlifeinChina.In1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChinesepeoplewereabletograsptheopportunityofsettlingintheUSA.Mademeverythoughtfulandthankfulformylifetoday.

選修8Unit2Cloning-Reading

CLONING:WHEREISITLEADINGUS?

Cloninghasalwaysbeenwithusandisheretostay.Itisawayofmaking

anexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Ithappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.Italsohappensinanimalswhen

twinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.Thefactisthatthesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.

Cloninghastwomajoruses.Firstly,gardenersuseitallthetimetoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Secondly,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated.Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.Manyattempts

toclonemammalsfailed.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough-thecloningofDollythesheep.Theprocedureworkslikethis:

Ontheonehand,thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dollythesheep.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormally

wasveryencouraging.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly'sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyears,

halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.Sadlythesamearbitraryfateaffectedotherspecies,suchasclonedmice.Thequestionsthatconcernedallscientistswere:"Wouldthisbeamajordifficultyforallclonedanimals?Wouldithappenforever?

Coulditbesolvedifcorrectionsweremadeintheirresearchprocedure?"

Ontheotherhand,Dolly'sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhad

agreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.Itbecamecontroversial.Itsuddenlyopenedeverybody'seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillnessesandeventoproducehumanbeings.

Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain,newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.Religiousleadersalsoraisedmoralquestions.Governmentsbecamenervousandmoreconservative.Somebegantoreformtheir

legalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning,butothercountrieslikeChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelpor

harmusandwhereitisleadingus.

THERETURNOFTHEDINOSAURS?

Thepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalshasalways

excitedfilmmakers.Andtheyarenottheonlyones!Thepopularityoffilmssuchas

JurassicPark,inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proves

howtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople'shearts.Butinfact

wearealongwayfrombeingabletocloneextinctanimals.Scientistsarestill

experimentingwithcloningmammals.Thisisbecausethecloningofmammalsisstillanewscienceanditsstoryonlybeganseriouslyinthe1950sasthislistshows:1950scloning

1996firstcloneofamammal:Dollythesheep

1970sresearchusingtheembryosofmice

abison

1979workonembryosofsheepandmice

clonedtwincalves

1981firstexperimentalclonesofmice

cats

1983firstexperimentalclonesofcows

of

frogs

2000cowgavebirthto

2001China'sfirst

2002firstcloned

2005firstcloned

dog?

Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurs,canpossiblybebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.Unfortunately,withwhatweknownow,thisiseitherimpossibleorunsuitable.Therearemanyreasons.

TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNA(whichgivesinformationfor

howcells

aretogrow).

Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovercomeillnesses.Diversityinagroupmeans

havinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.Theadvantageisthatif

thereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,

butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.Thegreatdrawbacktocloningagroupofanimalsisthattheywouldallhavethesamearrangementofgenesandsomightdieofthesameillness.Thennoneofthemwouldbeleftto

continuethespecies.

◎Itwouldbeunfairtocloneanyextinctanimalsiftheyweretoliveinazoo.Asuitablehabitatwouldbeneededforthemtoleadanaturallife.

Basedonwhatweknownow,youcannotcloneanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,000years.Actually,dinosaursdisappeared65,000,000yearsago.Sothechanceofdinosaurseverreturningtotheearthismerelyadream.

選修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions-Reading

THEPROBLEMOFTHESHRIKES

WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset."Therearesomesnakesinourcourtyard,"shetoldme."Snakescomenearthehousenowandthen,andtheyseemtohavemadetheirhomehere,notfarfromthewalnuttree.Canyougetridofthemplease?"Ifeltveryproud.Herewasachance

for.metodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Iknewmyparentswouldnotlikemetohurttheselivingcreatures!

ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelp

me,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.Anewapproachwasclearlyneeded.Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.Luckilythesereptilesaresmallandthatmadethesolutioneasier.

Preparedwithsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossible

approaches:firstly,removingtheirhabitat;secondly,attractingthemintoatrapusingmaleorfemaleperfumeorfood;andthirdlycoolingthemsothattheywouldbecomesleepyandcouldbeeasilycaught.Idecidedtousethelastone.Iboughtanice-creammakerwhichwasmadeofstainlesssteel.Betweentheoutsideandtheinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeswhencooled.Iputthebowlintothefridgeandwaitedfor24hours.AtthesametimeIpreparedsomeice-cubes.

ThenextmorningIgotupearlybeforethesunwashot.Iplacedthefrozen

bowloverthesnakes'habitatandtheice-cubesontopofthebowltokeepitcool.

FinallyIcoveredthewholethingwithalargebucket.ThenIwaited.AftertwohoursI

removedthebucketandthebowl.Thesnakeswerelessactivebuttheywerestilltoo

fastforme.Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.SoIhadtoadjustmyplan.

ForthesecondattemptIfrozethebowlandtheice-cubesagainbutplaced

themoverthesnakes'habitatintheevening,asthetemperaturewasstartingtocool.

Thenasbefore,Icoveredthebowlwiththebucketandlefteverythingovernight.EarlythenextmorningIreturnedtoseetheresult.ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.Butoncepickedup,theytriedtobiteme.Astheywerepoisonoussnakes,Iclearlyneededtoimprovemydesignagain.

Mythirdattemptrepeatedthesecondprocedure.ThenextmorningIcarriedinmyhandasmallnetusedforcatchingfish.Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.Butmonitoredcarefully,thesnakesprovedtobenotroubleandallwentaccordingtoplan.Icollectedthepassivesnakesandthenextdaywemerrilyreleasedthemallbackintothewild.

Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.Onlyafteryouhavehadthat

recognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatit

isdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.Inaddition,noinventionwillgetapatentifitis:

adiscovery

ascientificideaormathematicalmodel

literatureorart

agameorabusiness

acomputerprogramme

anewanimalorplantvariety

Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse's.Therearealargenumberofpatentexaminers,too,whoseonlyjobistoexaminewhetheryourclaimisvalidornot.Ifitpassesallthetests,yourapplicationforapatentwillbepublished18monthsfromthedateyouapply.SoIhavefilledintheformandfiledmypatentapplicationwiththePatent

Office.Nowit'samatterofwaitingandhoping.You'llknowifIsucceedbythesizeofmybankbalance!Wishmeluck!

ALEXANDERGRAHAMBELL

AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1847inScotland,butwhenhewasyounghisfamilymovedtoBoston,USA.Hismotherwasalmostentirelydeaf,soAlexanderbecameinterestedinhelpingdeafpeoplecommunicateandindeaf

education.Thisinterestledhimtoinventthemicrophone.Hefoundthatbypressinghislipsagainsthismother'sforehead,hecouldmakehismotherunderstandwhathewassaying.

Hebelievedthatoneshouldalwaysbecuriousandhismostfamoussaying

was:

"Leavethebeatentrackoccasionallyanddiveintothewoods.Everytime

youdoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore.Followitup,exploreallaroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.Allreallybigdiscoveriesaretheresultof

thought."

Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspiritthatledtohismost

famousinvention-thetelephonein1876.Bellneversetouttoinventthetelephone

andwhathewastryingtodesignwasamultipletelegraph.Thisoriginaltelegraph

sentamessageoverdistancesusingMorsecode(aseriesofdotstappedoutalonga

wireinaparticularorder).Butonlyonemessagecouldgoatatime.Bellwantedtoimproveitsothatitcouldsendseveralmessagesatthesametime.Hedesigneda

machinethatwouldseparatedifferentsoundwavesandallowdifferentconversationstobeheldatthesametime.Buthefoundtheproblemdifficulttosolve.Onedayashewasexperimentingwithoneendofastrawjoinedtoadeafman'seardrumandthe

othertoapieceofsmokedglass,Bellnoticedthatwhenhespokeintotheear,the

strawdrewsoundwavesontheglass.Suddenlyhehadaflashofinspiration.Ifsoundwavescouldbereproducedinamovingelectricalcurrent,theycouldbesentalongawire.Insearchingtoimprovethetelegraph,

Bellhadinventedthefirsttelephone!

Bellwasfullyawareoftheimportanceofhisinventionandwrotetohis

father:

"Thedayiscomingwhentelegraphwireswillbelaidontohousesjustlikewaterorgas–andfriendswilltalktoeachotherwithoutleavinghome."

Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthatBellsenthisfirsttelephonemessagetohisassistantWatson.Thewordshavenow

becomefamous:

"MrWatson-comehere-Iwanttoseeyou."

AlexanderGrahamBellwasnotamantorestandheinterestedhimselfinmanyotherareasofinvention.Heexperimentedwithhelicopterdesignsandflyingmachines.Whilesearchingforakitestrongenoughtocarryamanintotheair,Bellexperimentedputtingtrianglestogetheranddiscoveredthetetrahedronshape.Beingverystable,ithasprovedinvaluableinthedesignofbridges.

Bellwasaninventorallhislife.Hemadehisfirstinventionatelevenandhislast

atseventy-five.Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.

選修8Unit4Pygmalion-Reading

PYGMALION

MAINCHARACTERS:

ElizaDoolittle(E):apoorflowergirlwhoisambitioustoimproveherselfProfessorHiggins(H):anexpertinphonetics,convincedthatthequality

of

a

person'sEnglishdecideshis/herpositioninsociety

ColonelPickering(CP):anofficerinthearmyandlaterafriendofHiggins'whosetshimatask

ActOne

MEETINGS

FATEFUL

11:15pminLondon,Englandin1914outsideatheatre.Itispouringwithrainandcabwhistlesareblowinginalldirections.Amanishidingfromtherainlisteningtopeople'slanguageandwatchingtheirreactions.Whilewatching,hemakesnotes.

Nearbyaflowergirlwearingdarkgarmentsandawoollenscarfisalsoshelteringfromtherain.Agentleman(G)passesandhesitatesforamoment.

E:Comeover’ere,cap’in,andbuymeflowersoffapoorgirl.

G:I'msorrybutIhaven'tanychange.

E:Icangiv’ouchange,cap’in.

G:(surprised)Forapound?I'mafraidI'vegotnothingless.

E:(hopefully)Oah!Oh,dobuyafloweroffme,Captain.Takethisforthreepence.

(holdsupsomedeadflowers)

G:(uncomfortably)Nowdon'tbetroublesome,there'sagoodgirl.(looksinhiswalletandsoundsmorefriendly)But,wait,here'ssomesmallchange.Willthatbeofanyusetoyou?It'srainingheavilynow,isn'tit?(leaves)

E:(disappointedattheoutcome,butthinkingitisbetterthannothing)Thankyou,sir.(seesamantakingnotesandfeelsworried)Hey!Iain’donetnothingwrongbyspeakingtothatgentleman.I'vearighttosellflowers,Ihave.Iain

honestgirlIam!(beginstocry)

H:(kindly)There!There!Who'shurtingyou,yousillygirl?Whatdoyoutakemefor?

(givesherahandkerchief)

Ithoughtmaybeyouwasapolicemanindisguise.

DoIlooklikeapoliceman?

(stillworried)Thenwhydid'outakedownmywordsfor?HowdoIknowwhether'outookmedownright?'oujustshowmewhat'ou'vewroteaboutme!

Hereyouare.(handsoverthepapercoveredinwriting)

What'sthat?Thatain'tproperwriting.Ican'treadthat.(pushesitbackathim)

H:Ican.(readsimitatingEliza)"Comeover'ere,cap'in,andbuymeflowersoffapoorgirl."(inhisownvoice)ThereyouareandyouwereborninLissonGroveifI'mnotmistaken.E:(lookingconfused)WhatifIwas?What'sittoyou?CP:(hasbeenwatchingthegirlandnowspeakstoHiggins)That'squitebrilliant!Howdidyoudothat,mayIask?H:Simplyphoneticsstudiedandclassifiedfrompeople'sownspeech.That'smyprofessionandalsomyhobby.Youcanplaceamanbyjustafewremarks.Icanplaceanyspokenconversationwithinsixmiles,andevenwithintwostreetsinLondonsometimes.CP:Letmecongratulateyou!Butisthereanincometobemadeinthat?Yes,indeed.Quiteagoodone.Thisistheageofthenewlyrich.PeoplebegintheirworkinglifeinapoorneighbourhoodofLondonwith80poundsayearandendina

richonewith100thousand.Buttheybetraythemselveseverytimetheyopentheirmouths.Nowoncetaughtbyme,she'dbecomeanupperclasslady...CP:Isthatso?Extraordinary!

H:(rudely)LookatthisgirlwithherterribleEnglish:theEnglishthatwillcondemn

hertotheguttertotheendofherdays.But,sir,(proudly)onceeducatedtospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpassherselfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador'sgardenparty.PerhapsIcouldevenfindheraplaceasalady'smaidorashopassistant,whichrequiresbetterEnglish.

’tnothief.

What'sthatyousay?Ashopassistant?Nowthat'ssommatIwant,thatis!

(ignoresher)Canyoubelievethat?

CP:Ofcourse!IstudymanyIndiandialectsmyselfand...

Doyouindeed?DoyouknowColonelPickering?CP:IndeedIdo,forthatisme.Whoareyou?I'mHenryHigginsandIwasgoingtoIndiatomeetyou.CP:AndIcametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance!Whataboutme?How'llyouhelpme?

Oh,takethat.(carelesslythrowsahandfulofmoneyintoherbasket)Wemusthave

acelebration,mydearman.(leavetogether)

(lookingatthecollectedmoneyinamazement)Well,Inever.Awholepound!Afortune!That'llhelpme,indeeditwill.TomorrowI'llfindyou,HenryHiggins.Just

youwaitandsee!Allthattalkof(imitateshim)"authenticEnglish"...(inherownvoice)I'llseewhetheryoucangetthatforme...(goesout)

ActTwo,Scene1MAKINGTHEBET

Itis11aminHenryHiggins'housethenextday.HenryHigginsandColonel

Pickeringaresittingdeepinconversation.

H:Doyouwanttohearanymoresounds?

CP:No,thankyou.IratherfanciedmyselfbecauseIcanpronouncetwenty-four

distinctvowelsounds;butyouronehundredandthirtybeatme.Ican'tdistinguish

mostofthem.

(laughing)Well,thatcomeswithpractice.

ThereisaknockandMrsPearce(MP),thehousekeeper,comesinwithcookies,ateapot,somecreamandtwocups.MP:(hesitating)Ayounggirlisaskingtoseeyou.H:Ayounggirl!Whatdoesshewant?MP:Well,she'squiteacommonkindofgirlwithdirtynails.Ithoughtperhapsyouwantedhertotalkintoyourmachines.H:Why?Hasshegotaninterestingaccent?We'llsee.Showherin,MrsPearce.MP:(onlyhalfresignedtoit)Verywell,sir.(goesdownstairs)H:Thisisabitofluck.I'llshowyouhowImakerecordsonwaxdisks...MP:(returning)Thisistheyounggirl,sir.(ElizacomesintotheroomshylyfollowingMrsPearce.Sheisdirtyandwearingashabbydress.Shecurtsiestothetwomen.)H:(disappointed)Why!I'vegotthisgirlinmyrecords.She'stheonewesawtheotherday.She'snouseatall.Takeheraway.

CP:(gentlytoEliza)Whatdoyou-want,younglady?

(upset)Iwannabealadyinaflowershop'steado'sellingflowersinthestreet.Buttheywon'ttakeme'lessIspeakbetter.SohereIam,readytopayhim.I'mnotaskingforanyfavours-andhetreatsmelikedirt.

Howmuch?

E:(happier)Nowyertalking.AladyfriendofminegetsFrenchlessonsfortwo

shillingsanhourfromarealFrenchman.Youwouldn'thavethefacetoaskmeforthesameforteachingmeasyerwouldforFrench.SoIwon'tgiveyermorethanashilling.

(ignoringElizaandspeakingtoPickering)Ifyouthinkofhowmuchmoneythisgirlhas-why,it'sthebestofferI'vehad!(toEliza)ButifIteachyou,I'llbeworsethanafather.

CP:Isay,Higgins.Doyourememberwhatyousaidlastnight?I'llsayyou'rethegreatestteacheraliveifyoucanpassheroffasalady.I'llbetherefereeforthislittlebetandpayforthelessonstoo...

(gratefully)Oh,yerrealgood,yerare.Thankyou,Colonel.

H:Oh,sheissodeliciouslylow.(compromises)OK,I'llteachyou.(toMrsPearce)Butshe'llneedtobecleanedfirst.Takeheraway,MrsPearce.Washherandburnherhorribleclothes.We'llbuyhernewones.What'syourname,girl?

I'mElizaDoolittleandI'mclean.MyclotheswenttothelaundrywhenIwashedlastweek.

MP:Well,MrHigginshasabathtubofhisownandhehasabatheverymorning.Ifthesetwogentlementeachyou,you'llhavetodothesame.Theywon'tlikethesmellofyouotherwise.

(sobbing)Ican't.Idursn't.Itain'tnaturalandit'dkillme.I'veneverhadabathin

mylife;notovermywholebody,neitherbelowmywaistnortakingmyvestoff.I'dneverhavecomeifI'dknownaboutthisdisgustingthingyouwantmetodo...

Oncemore,takeheraway,MrsPearce,immediately.(OutsideElizaisstillweepingwithMrsPearce)Youseetheproblem,Pickering.It'llbehowtoteachhergrammar,notjustpronunciation.She'sinneedofboth.

CP:Andthere'sanotherproblem,Higgins.Whatarewegoingtodooncetheexperimentisover?(heartily)Throwherback.

CP:Butyoucannotoverlookthat!She'llbechangedandshehasfeelingstoo.Wemustbepractical,mustn'twe?H:Well,we'lldealwiththatlater.First,wemustplanthebestwaytoteachher.

CP:Howaboutbeginningwiththealphabet.That'susuallyconsideredveryeffective...(fadesoutastheygooffstagetogether)

選修8Unit5Meetingyourancestors-Reading

AVISITTOTHEZHOUKOUDIAINCAVES

Agroupofstudents(S)fromEnglandhascometotheZhoukoudiancavesforavisit.

Anarchaeologist(A)isshowingthemround.

WelcometotheZhoukoudiancaveshereinChina.ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland,whoareinterestedinarchaeology.Youmustbeawarethatit'sherethatwefoundevidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartof

theworld.We'vebeenexcavatinghereformanyyearsand...

S1:I'msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?Thereareonlyrocksandtrees.Goodquestion.Youareanacuteobserver.Wehavefoundhumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellastoolsandotherobjects.Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.

S2:Howdidtheykeepwarm?Theycouldn'thavemats,blanketsorquiltslikewedo.

We'vediscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswheretheymadefires.Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm,cookedthefoodandscaredwildbeastsawayaswell.

Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.Wehaven'tfoundanydoorsbutwethinktheymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeepoutthecoldduringthefreezingwinter.

S3:Whatwildanimalswerethereallthattimeago?

Well,we'vebeenfindingthebonesoftigersandbearsinthecaves,andwethinktheseweretheirmostdangerousenemies.Nowwhatdoyouthinkthistellsusabout

thelifeoftheseearlypeople?(showspictureofasewingneedle)

S2.:Gosh!That'saneedle.Goodness,doesthatmeantheyrepairedthings?

A:Whatelsedoyouthinkitmighthavebeenusedfor?

S4:Letmelookatit.It'satmostthreecentimetreslong.Ahyes,itseemstobemadeofbone.Iwonderhowtheymadetheholeforthe...S2:(interrupting)Doyoumeanthattheymadetheirownclothes?Wheredidtheygetthematerial?

A:Theydidn'thavemateriallikewehavetoday.Canyouguesswhattheyused?Sl:Wow!Didtheywearclothesmadeentirelyofanimalskins?Howdidtheypreparethem?I'msuretheywerequiteheavytocutandsewtogether.

A:Ourevidencesuggeststhattheydidwearclothesmadefromanimalskins.Wecontinuediscoveringtoolsthatweresharpenersforothertools.Itseemsthattheyusedthesharpenedstonetoolstocutupanimalsandremovetheirskin.Thensmallerscraperswereprobablyusedtoremovethefatandmeatfromtheskin.Afterthattheywouldrubanampleamountofsaltontotheskintomakeitsoft.Finally,theywould

cutitandsewthepiecestogether.Quiteadifficultandmessytask!Nowlookatthis.

(showsanecklace)

S2:Why,it'saprimitivenecklace.Didearlypeoplereallycareabouttheirappearance

likewedo?It'slovely!

A:Yes,andsowellpreserved.Whatdoyouthinkit'smadeof?.

S4:Letmesee.Oh,Ithinksomeofthebeadsaremadeofanimalbonesbutothersaremadeofshells.A:Howcleveryouare