2010年考研英語真題解析-d2019中快樂人獲取及時(shí)

入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargeephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers'behavior10itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere toeconometric ysis.TheHawthorneexperimentsanothersurprisestore.12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14interpretationofwhathappened.15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,Workers19bediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.1.[A][B][D]2.[A][C][D]3.[A][D]4.[A][B][D]5.[A][C][D]6.[A][B][D]7.[A]asfar[B]forfear[C]incase[D]solong8.[A][B][D]9.[A]suitable [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11.[A] [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]Contraryto [B]Consistentwith[C]Parallelwith [D]Peculiarto13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable 15.[A]In[B]For[C]Inconsequence[D]As16.[A][B][C]unpredictably[D]17.[A][B][C] [D]18.[A][B][C] 19.[A][B][C] [D]20.[A][B][C] [D]Section ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnest ,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘a(chǎn)termofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunay,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2thatartscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-cityEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartshigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismonNewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedbyfree [B]casual [C]elaborate [D]radicalWhichofthefollowingwouldShaw mostprobablyagreeItiswriters’dutytofulfilljournalistic [B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobe[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedinto [D]NotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticWhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaders [B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenin[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodern [D]HiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheNewspapersoftheGoodOld [B]TheLostHorizonin[C]MournfulDeclineof [D]ProminentCriticsinOverthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessreceivedoneforits"one-click"onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompleyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasinlectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is"averybigdeal",saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents."Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfiarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor"inventions"thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare"reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt",saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseoftheirlimitedvalueto [B]theirconnectionwithasset[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheir [D]thecontroversyoverWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskiItsrulingcomplieswiththecourt [B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusiness[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederal [D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheTheword“about-face”(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeanslossofgood [B]increaseof [C]changeof [D]enhancementofWelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodareimmunetolegal [B]areoftenunnecessarily[C]lowertheesteemforpatent [D]increasetheincidenceofWhichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthe[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-method [B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatent[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-method [D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodInhisbookTheTipPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe"twostepflowofcommunication":Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelowhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon'tseemtoberequiredofall.Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinter al,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,each soaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinter alinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsbyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.BycitingthebookTheTipPoint,theauthorintendsto[A]yzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics [B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentialsTheauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems [B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials [D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidityWhattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthatthepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocial [B]interallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthe[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthe [D]mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaTheunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inParagraph4referstotheoneswhostayoutsidethenetworkofsocial [B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceof[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluence [D]areinfluencedbytheinitialWhatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialTheeagernesstobe [B]Theimpulsetoinfluence[C]Thereadinesstobe [D]TheinclinationtorelyonBankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit'sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunay,banks'lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America'sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheir estatement.BobHerz,theFASB'schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho"questionourmotives."Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppoliycalls"theuseofjudgmentbyEuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.McCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid"notliveinapoliticalvacuum"but"intherealword"andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbank'ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America'snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityfromspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedtofollowunfavorableassetevaluationrules [B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers [D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassetsAccordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultinthediminishingroleof [B]therevivalofthebanking[C]thebanks’long-termasset [D]theweakeningofitsAccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattempttokeepawayfrompolitical [B]evadethepressurefromtheir[C]actontheirowninrule- [D]takegradualmeasuresinTheauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthattheymisinterpretedmarketpriceindicators [B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts [D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassetsTheauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxesformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2005.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhile,astherecessionisloominglarge,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill,leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealreadytried merce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarket?Definiynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheseller,todecidewhattobuy.Atanyrate,thischangewillultimaybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketinginligence.RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.NewskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededDespitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon'teatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeas"horeca":hos,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe'swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends.Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000—morethan40percentofretails ales.Moreover,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,forthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablePartCReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon"worthless"species.Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics-mindedforestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaletopayastimbercrops.(49)InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,mercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobe assuch,withinTosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.(50)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes,falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.SectionⅢWritingPartAYouaresupposedtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaninternationalonglobalization,youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkYoushouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"postgraduateassociation"PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(202010年招生考試英語（一）答案詳SectionIUseof一、文章題材結(jié)構(gòu)分析二、試題解affected【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨析表示“達(dá)到，完成”，extract表示“提??；榨出”，restore表示“恢復(fù)，使修復(fù)”，都與句意不符，只有A選at(endup最終成為/(endwith(endoff【答案】【考點(diǎn)】動詞搭配【解析Aend和at不能形成固定搭配；endwith意為“以……告終”，后常接名詞或名詞詞組，比如Lifedoesnotendwithdeath，故排除C；end與off連用時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為endsth.off“妥當(dāng)或順利地結(jié)束某事物”，truthproof；證【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨析【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，theextremelyinfluentialidea…是對“Hawthorneeffect”的補(bǔ)充說明，可看作其同位語；ideathatideathevery3changedsubject’sbehavior；ofbeingexperimentedupon作本題所填詞的定語。根據(jù)上下文的語義可知，C為本題正確答現(xiàn)發(fā)生變化。其它三項(xiàng)，從語法上都能與ofbeingexperimentedupon連用，但放入空中語義不通，故C為正確【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+形容詞辨析【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨析【解析】該句的意思是“根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告（描述），……”accountsaccount作名詞時(shí)，常但只要抓住了theirhourlyoutputrosewhen…butalsowhen…這句話所暗含的“兩種情況的對比”，也有助于用排除法【答案】【考點(diǎn)】句間邏輯關(guān)系+固定結(jié)構(gòu)【解析】根據(jù)第四題的分析得出，該句表達(dá)的意思是，“在中做什么并不重要”，因此，使用固定搭配Itdidn’t其它三個干擾選項(xiàng)都能與空前的ItdidnotA、Cwhat從句只能做賓語，這樣一來句首的it應(yīng)該有所指；但在上下文中，找不到能銜接上下文的it所指代的對象，故排除這兩項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)work意為“起作用”時(shí)，為不及物動詞，但填入后不符合上下文語義，故也排除。所以本題的正確答案為B。asfarasforfearthat；害incasethatsolongas【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+固定短語somethingwaschanged和productivityrose之間的邏輯關(guān)系即可。SheputsablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcoldAasfarasAsfarasIknow,itsadvantagesoutweighitsdisadvantages.就我所知，其優(yōu)勢勝過劣勢。但是放在空中，語義都不通順，故D為正確答案?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】復(fù)雜句子成分+名詞辨析【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后的that從句作空格處所填名詞的同位語。也就是說，所填名詞表示一個抽象只有A項(xiàng)awareness“意識”符合上下文語義和語境。該句表達(dá)的意思是，只要人們自己是實(shí)驗(yàn)對象，【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+固定搭配【解析】根據(jù)上題的分析可知，此處需要一個表示“足夠”的詞，故本題選C。enough本身雖為簡單詞匯，但短語beenoughtodosth.“足夠做某事”卻是?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)。加上其它三個選項(xiàng)所形成的搭配或近義干擾，本題則需準(zhǔn)確理解Bexcessive“過分的，極度的”填入后句意不通。Dabundant“充裕的；豐富的”形成近義干擾，但該詞不用aboutoneselfforoneself為自己[Con(【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+固定搭配于弄清itself所指代的對象。本題所在的句子是Anawarenessseemedtobeenoughtoalterworker’sbehavioritself.itselfawareness。首先排除Cononeself構(gòu)成固定搭配；A、B兩項(xiàng)代入原文后，句(becomparedto)(beshownto)((beconveyedto)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】動詞辨析【解析】空格所在的主語是thesamedata,介詞to后面的賓語為：economicysis；在語義上，二者之間的關(guān)系理應(yīng)為“……數(shù)據(jù)被用于……分析”。聯(lián)系上下文可知，thesamedata指代前面提到的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。因此本題所在句的大致意思是：幾十年后，上述實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)用于/接受了計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析。符合句意的只有CContraryto【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+短語辨析與記錄中的一些描述相悖，因此需要一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞。只有AContraryto表示“與……相反”，符合【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨析動賓搭配。只有A項(xiàng)evidence符合要求?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨析【解析】本題尾段首句，主要總體上對上下文內(nèi)容的理解。misleading一詞既能概括對上文研究結(jié)果的看結(jié)論，如果選擇Amisleading。從語義上看，該項(xiàng)符合語境IncontrastForexampleInconsequenceAsusual【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯銜接+短語辨析體”的關(guān)系。首先可排除D，asusual與后面的always。而A表示對比，C表明前后句為“因”與“果”的關(guān)系；均不符合題意。故正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯銜接+副詞辨析failedtodo)ceasedtodo)startedtodo)continuedtodo)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+動詞辨析【答案】【考點(diǎn)】句間邏輯關(guān)系+副詞辨析續(xù)上升一些日子”在意義上發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，故本題的正確選項(xiàng)是however，也就是C選項(xiàng)。(tendedto)choseto)intendedto)【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+固定搭配todosth在這里譯作“常?！薄Ｌ钊牒笤摬糠值囊馑紴椤盁o論情況如何，工人們常常在每周前幾天努力工【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+動賓搭配【解析aplateau構(gòu)成動賓搭配。plateau在此取其“穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)”之意。本題所在的句子曾談到before引出句子的狀語before在此意為“在……之前，隨后”，其后跟了兩個含先后順序的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。既然有“接著松懈下來（thenslackingoff）”這一情況出現(xiàn)，說明，在這之前有一個“緊張”的過程，由此可推測20aplateau所要表達(dá)的含義。Abreaking(aplateau)“打破一種穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)”與句中的diligent在感彩上相，故排除。B項(xiàng)climbing強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“艱辛、費(fèi)力的往上爬”或“（價(jià)格）上漲”，用在此也不合適。Csurpassingaplateau)D選項(xiàng)三、全文翻在1924年，國家研究（NRC）派出兩名工程師到位于芝加哥附近的一個大型機(jī)部件生產(chǎn)SectionIIReadingPart一、文章題材結(jié)構(gòu)分析本文屬于文化范疇，是一篇現(xiàn)象解釋型文章，摘自《大英百科全書》2007年11月由TerryTeachout二、試題解析文章第一、二段【答案】【考點(diǎn)】推理引申文章的中心：themostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.第二段具體論證以前的報(bào)紙關(guān)于藝術(shù)評論數(shù)量很多，所以B項(xiàng)是正確的。A選項(xiàng)說法過于絕對，第一段中的文中并未提到。Dmarvel意思是“大為驚訝（常含贊嘆之意）”，表明其實(shí)讀者是贊同：這些評論可以在報(bào)紙上登的。這里的doubt表示懷疑，所以與marvel二戰(zhàn)前英國報(bào)紙的特點(diǎn)是[A]自由【答案【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)意思是：不集中的，散漫的，選項(xiàng)A中“freeunrestricted，所以兩個詞是同義詞，屬于同義替換。B項(xiàng)中“casualindetailandatlength“詳細(xì)C是強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)，“elaborate”可以替換原文中的“indetail”，但是“l(fā)ayout”(布局)無中生有，所以本題與原文不相符合。D項(xiàng)中“radical”是“激進(jìn)的”，無中生有?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度 的觀點(diǎn)“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘a(chǎn)termofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”他認(rèn)為C項(xiàng)