QE培訓(xùn)教材D報(bào)告

Preparedby:Loewi.LoUpdateDate:Dec/25/2kCorrectiveActionProcedures8-DisciplineFormApproach改善措施程序

寫8DForm方法PQE訓(xùn)練教材1

CONTENT1.Whatisthe8-Discipline.3

何謂8D?2.Whenshall8-Dbeused.4什么時(shí)候用到8D.

3.Containment&Correctiveaction.

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內(nèi)容及改善措施.4.Goals.6

目標(biāo).5.Responsibilities.7負(fù)責(zé)(人).6.The8-Disciplineindetail.88D詳述.7.ProblemAnalysis.16問題分析.8.TheProcedureofproblemAnalysis.17問題分析過程.2Whatisthe8-Discipline.Asystemicapproachutilizedforrootcausefindingandandproblemsolving.一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)根本原因及解決問題的系統(tǒng)的原則方法.

Discipline1:UseTeamApproach.原則1:采用團(tuán)體方法(選擇合適人員)Discipline2:DescribeTheProblem原則2:描述問題Discipline3:ContainmentPlan原則3:具體計(jì)劃Discipline4:DescribeTheRootCause原則4:根本原因的描述(分析)

3

Discipline5:PermanentC/APlan.原則5:永久(長(zhǎng)久)的保証計(jì)劃.Discipline6:VerificationofEffectiveness.原則6:改善效果的評(píng)估Discipline7:PreventRecurrence.原則7:預(yù)防措施Discipline8:CongratulateYourTeam,CaseClose.原則8:結(jié)案予參與組員以勉勵(lì)

Whenshall8-Dbeused

ThefalloutconsistentlyovertheDPPMgoal.不良率連續(xù)超出DPPM目標(biāo)值MEETTHEDPPMgoalbutonefailuremorethan20%tothefallout達(dá)到DPPM但某項(xiàng)不良率超過整個(gè)不良的20%4

ADefectoccurredthatshouldhavebeencontainedwithintheprocess.制程中潛在的缺陷(缺點(diǎn)/不良)Thedefectisinducedbytheprocess.制程導(dǎo)致的缺陷(缺點(diǎn))Thefailingparameterwasnottestedbyprocess.制程無法測(cè)出錯(cuò)誤參數(shù)(存在的缺陷)Definitions–Containment&Correctiveaction

Containment–shortterm,temporaryfix.短期,暫時(shí)解決方法RiskassessmentofF/G&FieldF/G和FIELD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)估計(jì)

Functional/Visualscreenofastatisticallysignificantsample功能的/可視化的清晰的統(tǒng)計(jì)抽樣方法.5

CorrectiveAction–Logerterm,permanentfix.

長(zhǎng)期(長(zhǎng)久)解決方案Goals

containmentplanavailablewithin2workingdaysofreceiptof8-D.收到8D后,兩個(gè)工作天必須做好短期計(jì)劃Containmentplanimplementedwithin5workingdaysofreceiptof8-D.收到8D后,5天內(nèi)短期計(jì)劃須貫徹執(zhí)行Correctiveactionplanavailablewithin5workingdaysofreceiptof8-D.收到8D后,5天內(nèi)做好改善措施計(jì)劃6CompaqagreedCorrectiveActioninplacewithin3monthsofreceiptof8-D.三個(gè)月后,康柏接受該改善措施Responsibilities

TheoriginatorInitiatethe8-D發(fā)起(開始)8DCopythe8-DtoallCPQmanufacturingsites(asapplicable)給所有CPQ生產(chǎn)地發(fā)送8D

Thesupplier

Provideresponsesin8-Dformat以8D格式提供結(jié)果7Communicate8-Ddetailsinternallyasnecessary內(nèi)部8D討論.

RespondwithContainment/CorrectiveActionPlansaspergoals對(duì)每一個(gè)目標(biāo)審核是否達(dá)到ProvideweeklyupdatestoCPQteamasperBusinessplan作為商業(yè)計(jì)劃,每周CPQ更新資料Achievegoalsontimescalesforimplementationofcontainmentandcorrectiveactions在計(jì)劃時(shí)間內(nèi)完成目標(biāo)

Communicatecorrectiveactionplantoallsuppliersitesforawareness

改善措施向所有提供商宣導(dǎo).8

Discipline1:TeamMembers

Selectandrecordinternalandexternalteammembers選擇和記錄內(nèi)部及外部負(fù)責(zé)人員SelectaTeamChampion選擇一個(gè)齊心合力的團(tuán)隊(duì)Removeroadblocksfortheteam去掉隊(duì)里的不積極分子Selectateamleader確立團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人Directefforts&takesresponsibility直接負(fù)責(zé),接受責(zé)任(壓力)

Teamwork9

Discipline2:Describetheproblem

Usetermsunderstoodbythecustomer使用消費(fèi)者理解的術(shù)語Describethechangeinconditionorpre-existingconditionwhichcausedtheproblem描術(shù)目前進(jìn)展?fàn)顩r及潛在的影響因素Expresstheconditioninquantifiableterms用可量化術(shù)語表達(dá)(描述)現(xiàn)狀

10Discipline3:ContainmentplanDescribewho,what,when&howyouwillcaptureandcontainthedefectsnow,andpreventthemfromgettingtothecustomer詳細(xì)細(xì)描描述述你你將將確確認(rèn)認(rèn)方方法法:什什么么時(shí)時(shí)候候,及及如如何何解解決決之之些些缺缺陷陷,解決決什什么么缺缺陷陷,以以及及你你將將采采取取什什么么措措施施,防防止止這這些些缺缺陷陷在在到達(dá)達(dá)客客戶戶手手上上被被解解決決.Considertheeffectofthecontainmentplanon:考慮慮這這些些計(jì)計(jì)劃劃:花花費(fèi)費(fèi),交交付付及及會(huì)會(huì)否否引引起起其其它它不不良良CostDelveryInducementofothertypesofdefects11Discipline4:DefinetherootrootcauseDescribewhythechangeinconditionoccurred,oridentifythe““Hole”inthesystemwhichallowedthepre-existingconditiontogoundetected解述為什么么會(huì)產(chǎn)生這這些變化?確定這些些允許存在在的未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在在缺陷的嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重性.Categorizetherootcauses,e.g.:根本原因的的分類:物物料,機(jī)械械設(shè)備,方方法,人為為,維護(hù),環(huán)境等.MaterialMachineMethodsManpowerMaintenanceEnvironment12Discipline5:ImplementpermanentC/ADescribewho,whatwhen&howyouwillinplementchangesinmaterial,manpower,methods,etc.tototallyeliminatetherootcauseoftheproblem描述你你在物物料,人力力,方方法等等方面面采取取什么么解救救措施施來除除掉其其根本本原因因ConsiderpermanentC/Aimpactupon:考慮長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)久C/A影響響:Inducingothertypesofdefects導(dǎo)致其其它類類型的的缺陷陷.Eliminationofcontainmentactivities(I.e.:IfC/Aplanworkscontainmentactivitiesshouldnolongerberequired)去除各各種短短期措措施(如果果C/A計(jì)計(jì)劃巳巳生效效則短短期計(jì)計(jì)劃不不再有有效)13Discipline6:VerifyeffectivenessofactionsDescribeverificationresultsinquantifiabletermE.G.:描述改改善結(jié)結(jié)果AchievedCPK––1.5完成CPK-1.5Decreaseddefectoccurrencestozero不良率率巳降降到零零ContinuecontainmentactivitiesuntilpermanentC/Aactionsareverifiedasbeingeffevtive在長(zhǎng)期期改善善措施施生效效前堅(jiān)堅(jiān)持短短期措措施14Discipline7:PreventrecurrenceDescribetheinternaland/orexternalculturalorsystemicchangesthatmustbemadetopreventtheproblemfromrecurring描述這這些防防止再再次次次發(fā)生生的內(nèi)內(nèi)部/外部部或系系統(tǒng)的的變化化(措措施)Theteamchampionisrsponsiblefortakingtheserecommendationsbacktomanagementanddrivingimplementation負(fù)責(zé)人人應(yīng)將將這些些措施施加入入管理理方案案,并并作好好補(bǔ)充充.15Discipline8:CongratulateyourteamChampionandteamleaderrecognizesteammembersfortheirroleinsolvingtheproblem負(fù)責(zé)人人應(yīng)給給予參參與人人員按按所在在作用用不同同予以以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)勵(lì)ProblemanalysisWhyP/Afailed?為什么么不能能正確確分析析不良良狀況況?JumpingtoconclusionBasedonlimitedinformationabouttheproblem僅基于于對(duì)問問題一一知半半解就就下結(jié)結(jié)論.Failuretodefinetheproblem不能正正確的的定義義問題題16Flounderinamassofinformation被太多多的信信息所所因擾擾Notabletoclearlyfocusonexactlywhatitistryingtoresolve不能找找到解解決問問題的的關(guān)鍵鍵所在在ActionoverkillTakemanyactionsatonce一下采采取太太多的的糾正正措施施Theactionsarenotcheckedtoseeiftheyreallycorrecttheproblem在沒有有確認(rèn)認(rèn)能否否真正正解決決問題題之前前就付付諸實(shí)實(shí)施Ifproblemdisappears,nooneiscertainwhy無法確確認(rèn)不不良解解決的的根本本原因因17DescribeProblemStateproblemspecifyproblem.WHAT,WHERE,WHEN,EXTENTIdentifyPossiblecauses找出所所有可可能的的原因因Useknowledge,experience利用知知識(shí)和和經(jīng)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)Identifydistinctionsandchanges估計(jì)可可能的的原因因諸實(shí)施施原因因EvaluatePossibleCauses估計(jì)可可能的的原因因18Testpossiblecausestodeterminemostprobablecause對(duì)所有有可能能的原原因進(jìn)進(jìn)行測(cè)測(cè)試以以確定定最有有可能能引起起不良良的原原因ConfirmTrueCauseVerifyassumptionsmadeintesting;conductobservation;tryfixandcheckresult用試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)對(duì)假假設(shè)進(jìn)進(jìn)行確確認(rèn),同巳巳有的的資料料進(jìn)行行對(duì)比比,嘗嘗試得得出結(jié)結(jié)論并并驗(yàn)証証.WHAT,WHERE,WHEN,EXTENTIdentifyPossiblecauses找出所所有可可能的的原因因Useknowledge,experience利用知知識(shí)和和經(jīng)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)Identifydistinctionsandchanges估計(jì)可可能的的原因因諸實(shí)施施原因因19EvaluatePossibleCauses估計(jì)可可能的的原因因Testpossiblecausestodeterminemostprobablecause對(duì)所有有可能能的原原因進(jìn)進(jìn)行測(cè)測(cè)試以以確定定最有有可能能引起起不良良的原原因ConfirmTrueCause確認(rèn)真真正的的原因因.Verifyassumptionsmadeintesting;conductobservation;tryfixandcheckresult用試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)對(duì)假假設(shè)進(jìn)進(jìn)行確確認(rèn),同巳巳有資資料進(jìn)進(jìn)行對(duì)對(duì)比,嘗試試得出出結(jié)論論并驗(yàn)驗(yàn)証ProblemAnalysis––DescribeProblemstateproblem問題的的狀況況20Whatisthedefectiveobject(unit)?不良對(duì)對(duì)象是是什么么?Whatisthedefect不良的的原因因(為為什么么被判判為不不良)Specifyproblem問題的的詳細(xì)細(xì)描述述ISISNOTWhatwhatspecificobject(s)hasWhatsimilarobject(s)couldreasonablythedefecthavethedefect,butdoesnot?哪一類類對(duì)象象會(huì)有有不良良哪一類類對(duì)象象本來來可能能會(huì)有有不良良,但但卻沒沒有不良被被發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)?Whatisthespecificdefect?Whatotherdefectscouldreasonablybeobserved,butisnot?是在什么么地方發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)不良良(地理理上的)?有有什么么不良本本來應(yīng)該該被發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn),但卻卻沒有被被發(fā)現(xiàn)?21WhereWhereisthedefectiveobjectWhereelsecouldthedefectiveobjectiveobserved(geographically)?Beobserve,butisnot?是在什么么地方發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)不良良(地理理上的)?還有什么么地方應(yīng)應(yīng)該發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)不良,但沒有有發(fā)現(xiàn)?不良被發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)?Whereisthedefectontheobject?Whereelsecouldthedefectivebeontheobject,butisnot?不良出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品品的什么么地方?此此產(chǎn)品品還有什什么地方方可能出出現(xiàn)或發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)不良良,但卻沒有有出現(xiàn)(或發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn))?ProblemAnalysis–DescribeProblemSpecifyproblem22WhenWhenwasthedefectiveobjectWhenelsecouldthedefectiveobjectfirstobserved(inclock/calendarhavebeenfirstobserved,butwasnot?WhensincethattimehastheWhatothertimescouldthedefectivedefectiveobjectbeenobserved?Objecthavebeenobserved,butwasAnypatterm?Not?When,intheobject’’slifecycleorWhenelsecouldthedefecthavebeenhistory,wasthedefectfrstobserfirstobservedintheobject’slifecycle-ved?Butwasnot?不良品第第一次被被發(fā)現(xiàn)是是在什么么時(shí)間在在此此之前有有沒有不不良品本本應(yīng)被發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)但卻卻此次不良良產(chǎn)生在在什么時(shí)時(shí)候?有有何特征征?沒沒有被發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)?在產(chǎn)品的的生命周周期中,不良品品第一次次被發(fā)有有什么么別的不不良本應(yīng)應(yīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)卻沒有有被發(fā)現(xiàn)是在何何時(shí)?現(xiàn)現(xiàn)?ISISNOT23ExtentHowmanyobjectshavethedefect?Howmanyobjectshavethedefectbutdonot?Whatisthesizeofasingledefect?WhatothersizecouldthedefectHowmanydefectsareeachobject?Be,butisnot?Whathasbeenthetrend?Whatothertrendscouldhavebeenexpected,butwerenotobserved?有多少產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品有此此類不良良?有有多少產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品本可可能有此此不良但但卻沒有有?單項(xiàng)不良良有多少少?為為什么么在其余余的也應(yīng)應(yīng)有不良良發(fā)現(xiàn)的的產(chǎn)品此種不良良每件產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品有幾幾處?卻卻沒有發(fā)發(fā)現(xiàn)不良良?發(fā)展趨勢(shì)勢(shì)如何?同同一產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品上有有多少本本應(yīng)有不不良發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)的地方卻沒有有發(fā)現(xiàn)不不良?為何另外外一個(gè)預(yù)預(yù)想中的的發(fā)展趨趨勢(shì)沒有有發(fā)生?24ProblemAnalysis–IdentifyPossibleCausesIdentifyPossibleCauseUseknowledgeandexperiencetodeveloppossiblecausestate-ments.利用知識(shí)識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)來找出出問題產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的可可能原因因.Usedistinctionsandchangestodeveloppossiblecausestatements.利用差差別與與變異異來找找出問問題產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的的可能能原因因.Fromexperience,whatcouldhavecausedthisdeviation?由經(jīng)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)判斷斷,是是什么么因素素導(dǎo)致致這種種現(xiàn)象象產(chǎn)生生.Whatisdifferentoruniqueaboutorabouteachdistinction?所有的的特征征量中中變化化的量量有哪哪些?25Whendidthechangeoccur?變化出出現(xiàn)的的時(shí)間間Howcouldeachchangehavecausedthisdeviation?各不同同的因因素變變更是是如何何導(dǎo)致致不良良現(xiàn)象象的產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生?Howcouldachangeplusadistinctionhavecausedthisdeviation?一個(gè)變變化加加上一一個(gè)特特性后后是如如何引引起不不良的的產(chǎn)生生?Howcouldachangeplusachangehavecausedthisdeviation?兩個(gè)變變化相相加是是如何何引起起不良良的產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生?26ProblemAnalysis––EvaluatePossibleCauseEvaluatepossiblecausesTestpossiblecauseagainsttheISandISNOTtodeterminemostpro-bablecause.對(duì)IS項(xiàng)項(xiàng)和ISNOT項(xiàng)項(xiàng)中中不同同的可可能性性的因因素以以確定定最可可能的的原因因.If””X”isthetruecause,howdoesitexplainboththeISandISNOTInfromation.假如找找到一一個(gè)真真因,那么么這個(gè)個(gè)真因因是如如何解解釋IS項(xiàng)項(xiàng)和ISNOT項(xiàng)項(xiàng)中的的各個(gè)個(gè)條件件的.27Whatassumptionshavetobemadetoexplainthespecification?必須作作出何何種假假設(shè),方可可解釋釋上述述細(xì)節(jié)節(jié).Ofthecausestestedagainstt