中考中考英語(yǔ)完型填空解題技巧及實(shí)例課件

講課教師:馬國(guó)杰專題復(fù)習(xí)—完形填空汝州市焦村鄉(xiāng)初級(jí)中學(xué)

Summaryofclozetests題型概述解題步驟及思路點(diǎn)撥

The

stepsandskillsofdoingclozetestsPractisingseveralpassages實(shí)例講析題型概述

““完形填空”題是一種旨在考察學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型，它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考察詞匯搭配、近義詞辨析、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考察了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。在河南中考中完形填空所占分值10分完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有

①語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞：連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。（語(yǔ)法型）②具有語(yǔ)法變化的詞，如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣；名詞的數(shù)；代詞的格；形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)等。（語(yǔ)法型）③固定搭配短語(yǔ)和詞組中的特定詞。（習(xí)慣搭配型）④同義詞和近義詞等易混詞。（詞義型）⑤根據(jù)上下文的意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。（文意型）

答案的選擇較多地受到短文大意的影響

必須在選擇答案之前通讀短文，抓住其關(guān)鍵

詞并透徹理解上下文之間的聯(lián)系，然后借助

語(yǔ)境來(lái)選擇最佳答案。有的時(shí)候，這種題型文意型

還需要用相關(guān)的常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷。

以考查語(yǔ)法為目的而設(shè)置的空白。解答這類題需要根據(jù)詞與詞、句與句之間的關(guān)系來(lái)判斷各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用，動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)的搭配和用法等。一般地說(shuō)，考查的語(yǔ)法以實(shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。

語(yǔ)法型

根據(jù)同義詞或近義詞的用法區(qū)別而設(shè)置的題目，有時(shí)也借助上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)考查形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞的使用等。詞義型

根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法、固

定句型的搭配以及英語(yǔ)特有的習(xí)慣作出判斷的題目。

習(xí)慣用法型

每題四個(gè)被選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)

無(wú)以錯(cuò)誤的語(yǔ)法形式作干擾項(xiàng)的試題，也沒(méi)有對(duì)純語(yǔ)法知識(shí)考查的題目，合理的、有目的地設(shè)空，所涉及的各類考點(diǎn)均勻分布?？键c(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)注意到上下文的呼應(yīng)關(guān)系，側(cè)重從語(yǔ)言的意義考慮，而不考查語(yǔ)法形式和結(jié)構(gòu)。近三年中考完型填空題分析表文意型語(yǔ)法型詞義型習(xí)慣用法型2006年8個(gè)小題4個(gè)小題3個(gè)小題0個(gè)小題2007年8個(gè)小題1個(gè)小題4個(gè)小題2個(gè)小題2008年5個(gè)小題1個(gè)小題2個(gè)小題2個(gè)小題類型時(shí)間

The

stepsandskillsofdoingclozetests

解題步驟及思路點(diǎn)撥1.通讀全文，了解大意

2.仔細(xì)推敲，初定答案3.重讀全文，核實(shí)答案

做題之前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是必不可少的一個(gè)步驟。通過(guò)短文所提供的信息，借助語(yǔ)感及相關(guān)知識(shí)的推斷，可以從整體上把握短文的輪廓。完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。切勿為了“省時(shí)”而邊看邊選，否則，欲速則不達(dá)，許多地方看不下去，選擇時(shí)或不解其意，或似懂非懂，舉棋不定，這樣不僅失誤率高，且費(fèi)時(shí)不少。每篇短文總有一定的主題思想，段落之間必然能承上啟下，前呼后應(yīng)，句與句之間也一定緊密相連，形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。因此通讀全文時(shí)要一氣呵成，不要中斷思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過(guò)，如果不影響答題，可以置之不理；如果與答案有關(guān)，可到第二步選擇時(shí)再琢磨解決。另外，在閱讀時(shí)要特別注意一篇文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，因?yàn)樗鼈兺軌蛱峁┲饕男畔?，幫助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心議題。做此題型時(shí)需要把握兩個(gè)原則：1）任何閱讀類題型都有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：看的遍數(shù)越多，對(duì)文章的把握就越到位。所以，文章最少要看兩遍。

2）必須在原文中明確找出支持你做出選擇的句子或者段落。這樣做的好處是：可以避免僅僅憑感覺(jué)，而做出違背作者意圖或者故事發(fā)展的選項(xiàng)。如果找不到具體的句子或段落佐證選擇的話，那么選項(xiàng)也要符合文章的主旨大意、故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。通讀全文，掌握大意

由于完形填空是一個(gè)整篇的文章，最大的忌諱就是“邊看邊選”，因?yàn)椴煌ㄗx全文，就無(wú)法把握、理解全文，也就無(wú)法對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行合理的還原。完形填空的第一句一般是不留空的，并且第一句話很關(guān)鍵。在快速閱讀時(shí)要抓住全文或者段落的第一句或最后一句，它們往往是全文活全段的主題句，通過(guò)它們可以知道文章的題材、大意、時(shí)間、人物、事件等。另外在閱讀中要對(duì)其中的時(shí)間詞、動(dòng)詞加以注意。

通讀全文之后，把握住了整個(gè)短文的意思，接下來(lái)便是從整體出發(fā)，聯(lián)系上下文，前后貫通，結(jié)合詞形、詞義、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)選出一個(gè)正確的選項(xiàng)。遇到難以理解的句子或者對(duì)某一項(xiàng)沒(méi)有把握時(shí)，可采用排除、篩選等方法。結(jié)合上下文，看語(yǔ)句是否通順，語(yǔ)法是否正確，是否合乎邏輯，逐一將干擾項(xiàng)予以排除，從而可確定答案。這可從以下幾個(gè)方面入手。（1）根據(jù)上下文確定答案（2）根據(jù)慣用法或習(xí)慣搭配確定答案（3）運(yùn)用邏輯推理判定答案（4）根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)用法確定答案文意型語(yǔ)法型詞義型習(xí)慣用法型仔細(xì)推敲，初定答案

Thereweresomanypeopleonthebusthattherewere1emptyseats.Whenayoungmangoton,anoldmannearhimwantedto2,buttheyoungmanpushedhimbacktohisseat.“Thankyou,”hesaid,“butpleasedon’tdothat,Icanstand.”A.manyB.someC.enoughD.no（）2.A.sitdownB.getonC.setoutD.standup（）文意型文意型

It’sSunday.Somestudentsaregoing1atripwiththeirteacher.2theirwaytheysawabusbehindthem…A.toB.forC.onD.at（）2.A.OnB.ByC.AtD.To（）習(xí)慣用法型習(xí)慣用法型

A.woreB.hadonC.dressed

D.puton（）Alittlecocklivedneartheriver.Onemorningthelittlecock1hisbeautifulclothesandwentforawalkbytheriver.Onhiswayhemetalittleduck.詞義型重讀全文，核實(shí)答案所有的答案選出之后，應(yīng)再讀全文，對(duì)所選的答案進(jìn)行核實(shí)調(diào)整。經(jīng)過(guò)第二步逐句推敲之后，對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解更為深刻。這時(shí)，如果再重讀全文，第二步時(shí)有些難解或誤解的問(wèn)題就很容易暴露出來(lái)，從而也能得到更好的解決。這一步費(fèi)時(shí)不多卻至關(guān)重要，切記不可等閑視之，掉以輕心。

這種驗(yàn)證主要從以下幾方面進(jìn)行：1、單詞、短語(yǔ)與句子成分搭配是否恰當(dāng)，如關(guān)聯(lián)詞的搭配，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型等；2、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確；3、習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配是否有誤；4、詞形變化是否正確。如名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)，單、復(fù)數(shù)和名詞所有格；形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)；動(dòng)詞的各種形式等。應(yīng)注意句中所空單詞的句子成分、詞的類別，以及上下文的意思聯(lián)系。實(shí)例講析PractisingseveralpassagesStep1Readingthroughthepassagequickly

Trytogetthegeneralideaofthepassage,payspecialattentiontothefirstsentenceorthelastone,maybeitshowsthemainideaofthepassage.COMPUTERGAMES

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhe36apictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughtthe37ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo38andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat39,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isoldit40500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththe41.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans42didn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.Step2Choosingthebestchoiceforeachblankwhilereadingthepassage

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhe36apictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughtthe37ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo38andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat39,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isoldit40500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththe41.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans42didn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()36.A.stole

B.picked

C.drew

D.saw

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughtthe37ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo38andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat39,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isoldit40500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththe41.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans42didn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()37.A.attentionB.instruction

C.decision

D.discussion

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughttheattention

ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo38andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat39,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isoldit40500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththe41.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans42didn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()38.A.terrible

B.big

C.old

D.dear

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.ItcaughttheattentionofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoodear

andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat39,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isoldit40500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththe41.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans42didn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()39.A.fearB.difficulty

C.surpriseD.excitement

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughttheattention

ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo

dear

andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat

surprise

,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isoldit40500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththe41.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans42didn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()40.A.over

B.for

C.about

D.among

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughttheattention

ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo

dear

andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat

surprise

,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isolditfor

500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththe41.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans42didn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()41.A.size

B.price

C.weight

D.position

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughttheattention

ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo

dear

andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat

surprise

,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isolditfor

500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththeprice

.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans42didn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()42.A.we

B.he

C.you

D.it

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughttheattention

ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo

dear

andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat

surprise

,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isolditfor

500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththeprice

.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeansyoudidn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworking43untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()43.A.fasterandfasterB.betterandbetter

C.slowerandslower D.harderandharde

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughttheattention

ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo

dear

andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat

surprise

,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isolditfor

500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththeprice

.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans

youdidn’tthinksoanditisnotgoodenough.I’llgoonworkingharderandharder

untilmycustomers(顧客)aresatisfied.”Atthattime,44LiuKaiquwasnotfamousatall,henever45hisdream.Nowheiswell-knownallovertheworldasagreatartist.()44.A.though

B.because

C.whether

D.until

（2008年河南中考）WhenLiuKaiquwasyounghewaspoorinShanghai.Onedayhedrewapictureofatigerandtriedtosellitonthestreet.Itcaughttheattention

ofanAmerican,who

asked,“Howmuchdoesitcost?”Hesaid,“500dollars.”Theforeignerthoughtitwastoo

dear

andaskedagain,“Canyoumakeitcheaper?”He

answered,“No,”Thenhetore(撕)ittopieces.Ingreat

surprise

,theforeignersaid,“Young

man,areyouangry?”“No,sir.I’mnotangry.Isolditfor

500dollarsbecauseIthoughtitwasworththeprice

.Butyouwantedalowerprice.Itmeans

youdidn’