高中英語教學(xué)資料-unit 1 period

Unit1WomenofachievementPeriod3LearningaboutLanguage主謂一致【觀察思考】用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.Bob__aworker.(be)2.Allofthem___workers.(be)3.Theresearchgroup_______offivepeople.(consist)4.Hehastoworry.Hisfood___runout.(have)5.Twoyears___passedsinceheleftXi’an.(have)isareconsistshashas6.Theold___beingtakengoodcareofinoursociety.(be)7.Notonlyyoubutalsohe__wrong.(be)8.Theteacherwithtwostudents____atthemeeting.(be)areiswas【語法探究】Ⅰ.名詞作主語時的主謂一致1.集合名詞family,group,class,team,club,crowd,police,audience,company,committee,government等被看作一個整體時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;如果表示成員,謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。①Myfamily__verylarge.我的家庭很大。(強調(diào)整體)②Hisfamily___waitingforhim.他的家人在等他。(強調(diào)成員)isare2.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞means,sheep,deer,series,works,species等作主語時,必須根據(jù)具體意思來確定其謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。①Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.(翻譯)_______________________②Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried.(翻譯)_________________________所有可能的方法都試了。每一種可能的方法都試了。3.表示成雙成套的名詞,如trousers,shoes,glasses,clothes等作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。若與apair/suitof連用,謂語用單數(shù)形式。①Apairofglasses_____quitealotnow.(cost)現(xiàn)在一副眼鏡值很多錢。②Theshoes_______myfeet,soI’llchangethem.(fit)我的鞋不合腳,因此我要換一雙。costsdon’tfit4.clothing,baggage/luggage,furniture,jewellery,equipment等不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語用單數(shù)形式。TheequipmentofourfactoryisallimportedfromBritain.我們廠的設(shè)備都是從英國進口的。Ⅱ.并列主語的主謂一致1.名詞+with(alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/ratherthan/but/like等)+名詞,作主語時謂語動詞的形式與第一個名詞一致。①Themotheralongwithhertwochildren______________everyweekend.母親與她的兩個孩子每個周末都去公園。②Agifttogetherwithmanyflowers________tomeonTeachers’Day.教師節(jié)那天有人送給我一件禮物和很多鮮花。goestotheparkwassent2.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso等連接的并列主語,通常根據(jù)就近原則,謂語動詞與和它鄰近的主語一致。①EitherheorI___toblame.不是他就是我該受責(zé)備。②Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudents__________invitedtothemeeting.不但老師就連他的學(xué)生們也被邀請去參加這次會議。amhavebeen3.由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前若有no,every,each,manya等修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisstudyinghard.班級中的每個男孩女孩都在用功學(xué)習(xí)。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.聽不到任何聲音?！疚蛞晃?參透誤區(qū)】由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞表示兩個不同的概念時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);但當(dāng)表示同一人、物或同一概念時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。The

scientistandprofessorhasmadegreatcontributionstotheresearch.這位科學(xué)家兼教授在這項研究中做出了巨大貢獻。Ⅲ.數(shù)量概念作主語時的主謂一致1.表示時間、距離、重量、價格等的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時,?？闯梢粋€整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。$5,000isalargesumofmoneyforhim.對他來說五千美元是一筆不少的錢。40kilometersisalongdistanceforhimtogetthereonfoot.四十千米的路途對他步行來說是一段很長的距離。2.anumberof修飾名詞作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);thenumberof修飾名詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。①Anumberofnewhouses_______________there.那兒已建了許多新房子。②_____________peopledoingfitnesstrainingisontheincrease.進行健身鍛煉的人數(shù)在不斷增加。havebeenbuiltThenumberof3.一般來說,alargequantityof修飾名詞作主語時謂語動詞通常用單數(shù);而largequantitiesof修飾名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。Alargequantityoftreeshasbeenplantedoneithersideoftheroad.=Largequantitiesoftrees__________plantedoneithersideoftheroad.道路兩旁種植了很多樹。havebeen4.some,most,rest以及分數(shù)或百分數(shù)修飾名詞時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)所指代的名詞而確定。Twothirdsofhisincomehasbeenspentonbooks.他收入的2/3都花在了買書上。5.population表示“人口”總稱時,謂語常用單數(shù),常用形容詞large或small修飾;表示“幾分之幾”的人口則是指具體人口,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。70%ofthepopulationinthatcountryarestillinpoverty.那個國家70%的人仍在貧困中。Ⅳ.定語從句中的主謂一致1.在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。2.在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/that引導(dǎo)的定語從句”中,若關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語,謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。若one前有the(only/very/right)修飾時,定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.喜歡唱歌的那些人可以加入我們。Tomisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.湯姆是通過這次考試的學(xué)生中的一個。Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.湯姆是唯一通過這次考試的學(xué)生。Ⅴ.不定式/動名詞/主語從句作主語時的主謂一致主語從句、不定式或動名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。①Whenthemeetingwillbeheld__________________yet.何時開會還沒有定下來。②Readinginthesun___________oureyes.在陽光下看書對眼睛有害。hasnotbeendecideddoesharmto【悟一悟?參透誤區(qū)】what引導(dǎo)主語從句,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù),但后面所指的具體內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時,謂語則可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Whatweneedareteachers.我們所需要的是老師?！菊骖}體驗】1.(2014·湖南高考)Allweneed

asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.areB.wasC.isD.were【解析】選C。考查主謂一致。句意:我們所需要的就是一小塊土地,能夠在一年的生長季節(jié)在上面種植各種各樣的果樹。句子的主干為Allweneed

asmallpieceofland,其中weneed是定語從句,all在此指的是asmallpieceofland,且根據(jù)語境知為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),故謂語動詞應(yīng)用is。2.(2013·江蘇高考)Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers

essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。句意:一般說來,學(xué)生的內(nèi)在動機和來自于他人的高期望值對他們的發(fā)展是必要的。此處考查主謂一致中的就前原則,除了with外,還有togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,ratherthan等。根據(jù)就前原則,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與innermotivation一致,因此使用單數(shù)形式,排除B項和D項。然后根據(jù)generally確定使用一般現(xiàn)在時,因此答案為A。【易錯點撥】本題學(xué)生容易誤選B,因為有些學(xué)生認為with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas等連接兩個名詞作主語時遵循就近原則,其實是就遠原則,故選A。3.(2013·湖南高考)Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents

around$8,450ayear,which

aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are;is B.are;areC.is;are D.is;is【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。句意:這所大學(xué)估計一名國際生的生活開銷每年大約是8450美元,這對其中的一些學(xué)生來說是一大負擔(dān)。livingexpenses生活開銷,為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);$8,450為金錢概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。4.(2012·陜西高考)Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,

interviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.A.were B.wasC.is D.are【解析】選B?？疾闀r態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:比賽后不久,那位籃球教練和他的隊員們因為他們的出色表現(xiàn)而受到了采訪。根據(jù)句意可知事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以用過去時,排除C和D。主語后接aswellas短語作插入語時,謂語動詞形式不受其影響。這里的主語Thebasketballcoach是單數(shù),所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù),B項符合題意?！菊骖}拓展】1.(2012·湖南高考)Allthescientificevidence

thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming

damagingourhealth.A.show;are B.shows;areC.show;is D.shows;is【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致。句意:所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中越來越多地使用化學(xué)物品對我們的健康有害。evidence為不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù);題干中的第二個空的主語應(yīng)該是use,為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù),故D項正確。2.(2011·安徽高考)Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich

savedforotherpurposes.A.is B.are C.was D.were【解析】選D?？疾闀r態(tài)與主謂一致。句意:該工廠使用了65%的原材料,其余的用作其他用途。非限制性定語從句中的主語therest意為“其余的”,謂語動詞應(yīng)與of后的名詞一致,而which指代先行詞materials,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù);定語從句中的時態(tài)應(yīng)與主句中的謂語動詞used一致,故用過去時態(tài)。從時態(tài)和主謂一致兩方面考慮,選擇D項。Ⅰ.閱讀理解MulanisayoungwomaninancientChinawhodisguises(假扮)herselfasamaninordertofightinherfather’splaceagainsttheHuns.Thislegenddatesbacktoa6thcenturyChinesepoem.Inthepoem,Mulanisastrongandindependentwoman.AswefirstseeMulan,sheispreparingtomeetwithamatchmaker(媒人)tofindasuitablehusbandandhonourthefamilyname.Toensuregoodluck,hergrandmothersendsalongCri-Kee.However,Mulanisnotyetreadytohaveahusband.Soonafterthisdisappointingturn,herfatherisdrafted(征募)toserveinthearmyagainsttheHuns.Mulandecidestohonourherfamilybyfightinginherfather’splace,sosheleaveswithherhorsetoothersoldiers.Beforesheleaves,Mulanasksforguidancefromherancestors;theysendatinydragonnamedMushutowatchoverher,buthemaybringmoretroublethanhelp.MushuandCri-Keeprovidemuchofthecomedyinthemovie.

Mulanisagreatfamilyfilm,suitableforalmostanyage.Therearefewfrighteningoroverlyviolentscenes.Thecomedyissuccessfulanditscharactersareeasierforyoungchildrentowatch.What’smore,musicisanimportantpartofthemovieandthemusicnumbersarewell-placed,andwhiletheymaintainDisneystandards,theyalsomanagetoshowthemoodofdifferenttimeandplaces.【語篇概述】文章講述的是動畫片《木蘭》的故事梗概以及它成功的原因。1.Whathappenedatthebeginningofthefilm?A.Mulandisguisedaman.B.Mulanwaspreparingtomeetwithamatchmaker.C.Anordercalledforsoldierstothefront.D.Mulanwasplayingintheyard.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句話“AswefirstseeMulan,sheispreparingtomeetwithamatchmakertofindasuitablehusbandandhonourthefamilyname.”可知,在電影的開頭,木蘭正準備見媒婆,故答案選B。2.Wecaninferthat

playsanimportantpartinmakingMulanasuccessfulfilm.A.fiercewarscenes B.youngchildrenC.well-placedmusic D.moodofaudience【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一段的最后一句話可知,恰當(dāng)安排的音樂對動畫片《木蘭》的成功起到了很重要的作用,故選C。3.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Mulanwenttoherfather’splacealone.B.Mulanwasaviolentmovie.C.Mulanwasafilmonlyforyoungchildren.D.Cri-KeeandMushuincreasemuchofthehumortothefilm.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。文章第二段最后一句說明了電影中Mushu和Cri-Kee喜劇色彩給電影增色不少。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.MulanisayoungfamouswomaninancientChina.B.Mulanisafamouspoem.C.Mulanisasuccessfulmovie.D.Mulan,MushuandCri-Keearegoodfriends.【解析】選C。主旨大意題。通讀全文,文章講述的是動畫片《木蘭》的故事梗概以及它成功的原因。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。Isthereanythingmoreimportantthanhealth?Idon’tthinkso.“Healthisthegreatestwealth,”wisepeoplesay.1

Ifyouhaveaheadache,toothache,backache,orbadpaininthestomach,ifyoucomplainofabadcough,orifyousufferfromhighorlowbloodpressure,Ithinkyoushouldgotothedoctor.Thedoctorwillexamineyourthroat,testyourbloodpressure,takeyourtemperature,soundyourheartandlungs,checkyourteethorhaveyourchestX-rayed.2Theonlythingyouhavetodoisfollowhisadvice.

3Anoldgentlemancametoseethedoctor.Themanwasveryill.Hetoldthedoctorabouthisweakness,memorylossandseriousproblemswithhisheartandlungs.Thedoctorexaminedhimandsa