虛擬語氣講義-2022屆高中英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)

英語個(gè)性化教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)教案學(xué)生年級上課地點(diǎn)第次授課授課時(shí)間星期學(xué)科老師教學(xué)規(guī)劃師教學(xué)課題虛擬語氣教學(xué)內(nèi)容.語氣概述語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語中共有三種語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣，虛擬語氣陳述語氣：用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否認(rèn)、疑問或感嘆等形式。祈使語氣：用來表示請求、邀請、命令、警告或勸告等。虛擬語氣：表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求；有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。.定義：表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求；有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。L虛擬語氣在從句中的運(yùn)用.條件狀語從句1)結(jié)構(gòu)IfIwereastudent,Iwouldmakegooduseofthetime.條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)(were)would/could/should/might+V.（原）過去過去完成時(shí)haddonewould/could/should/might+have+p.p.未來1.過去時(shí)2.should+v.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.（原）IfIhadlistenedtotheteachercarefully,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifwehadanother7-dayholiday,allofuswouldbemuchhappier.2）混合條件句主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主、從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight（過去），itwouldbeverycoldtoday（現(xiàn)在）.3）虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句局部如果含有were,should,或had,可將if省略，再把were,should或had移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意：在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞'be，的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用“were”，不用was,即在從句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright..在賓語從句中的運(yùn)用Lwish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that⑴表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，從句動詞用過去式（be動詞一般用were）。IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.IwishitwereautumninBeijingalltheyeararound.Shewishesshewerestilllivingwithhergrandmother.⑵表示對過去情況的虛擬，從句動詞常用“had+過去分詞”。（過去完成時(shí)）Hewisheshehadnotlostthechance.IwishIhadn'tspentsomuchmoney.⑶表示對將來的主觀愿望，從句動詞形式為“would+動詞原形”。（過去將來時(shí)）Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishitwouldstopraining..在常見動詞:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。nsist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。Idemandedthathebehereassoonaspossible.注意：insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講時(shí)不用虛擬語氣；Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.suggest做“說明暗示”講時(shí)，也不用虛擬語氣；Whathesaidsuggestedthathewasafraud..wouldrather后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，不同虛擬條件下，從句謂語的形式：虛擬現(xiàn)在或者將來：did（be用were）虛擬過去：haddone1wouldratheryoucametoseemetomorrow.Iwouldratheryouhadn'ttoldmethefact..在主語從句中的運(yùn)用常見句型如下：Itisimportant/necessary/urgent/essential/+that+(should)+動詞原形Itissb'sorder/design/suggestion/advice/+that+(should)+動詞原形Ttissuggested/advised/demanded/requested/+that+(should)+動詞原形Itisnecessarythatwecleantheroomeveryday.Itisrequiredthatmiddleschoolstudents(should)takeonehourexerciseeveryday..在同位語中的應(yīng)用advice,suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,order,demand,desire等表示建議、要求、命令愿望等的名詞后，也要使用should型虛擬語氣，should可以省略。Heissuedtheorderthatthetroopswithdrawatonce..在表語從句中的應(yīng)用advice,suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,order,demand,desire等表示建議、要求、命令愿望等的名詞后的表語從句，也要使用should型虛擬語氣，should可以省略。Hissuggestionisthatwepersuadehertostayherefirst.n.虛擬語氣特殊句型1.asif/though+clause現(xiàn)在:過去過去:過去完成時(shí)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。2.1fs(about/high)time+that過去時(shí)should+v.(should不能省略)Itisabouttimethatwewereoff.我們該離開了。Itishightimethatyoushouldteachhimalesson.你改教訓(xùn)一下他了。3.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people'slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavefinishedthework.fonly后的句子通常用虛擬語氣，句子謂語一般用過去時(shí)表示當(dāng)前沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!.某些簡單句的固定句型：Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!.nee(T不必做“和“本不該做”didn*tneedtodo表示:過去不必做某事，事實(shí)上也沒做。.neednth