八年級(jí)定語(yǔ)從句

會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1八年級(jí)定語(yǔ)從句基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第1頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)定語(yǔ)從句：是指在復(fù)合句中，修飾或的從句.被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“

”.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫“

”

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)名詞代詞先行詞關(guān)系詞第2頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)定語(yǔ)從句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定語(yǔ)從句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第3頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞指代人指代事物所屬關(guān)系指地點(diǎn)指時(shí)間指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)第4頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)eg.Theboy

whoisreadingisTom.先行詞關(guān)系代詞Hospitalisaplace

whereadoctorworks.先行詞關(guān)系副詞第5頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy

=whotheboy’s

=whoseintheschool

=where關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞第6頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)themachineamachinethat/which第7頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.

herThelady

wesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上代替的就是先行詞第8頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)

二.關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)關(guān)系代詞

2.

關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常用的關(guān)系副詞有：when,where,why二.關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)第9頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)三.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法和注意點(diǎn)1.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法三.1.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物定語(yǔ)第10頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)①who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。Theman

(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。

Theman

(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom第11頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)③

which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。

Thesearethetrees

whichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder

（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.which第12頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)Heistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.that第13頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)⑤whose指人或物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。不可省略。Weliveinahouse

whosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirl

whoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose第14頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)2.關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that不能用which。①當(dāng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout?2.關(guān)系代詞用法注意點(diǎn)(1)只能用that不能用which的5種情況②當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等時(shí)。如：Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.第15頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)④當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③當(dāng)先行詞被only,just,very,right,last等修飾時(shí)。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.第16頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情況①先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時(shí)。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行詞為those,he和people時(shí)。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.第17頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(3)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句注意點(diǎn)①whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。②whose與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：Theboss

inwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部門(mén)的老板已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這個(gè)消息。(3)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句注意點(diǎn)第18頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)④whose的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用ofwhich代替，但語(yǔ)序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名詞。如：Thenovel

whosetitle

(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)

isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。第19頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)⑤whose的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用ofwhom代替，但語(yǔ)序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名詞。如：Theboy

whosemother

(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)

isadoctorismyfriend.第20頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(4)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。如：Those

who

areagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudents

who

werepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudents

who

waspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致第21頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamous

whomintheworld.that

﹨(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress

whichsheiswearingisnew.

that

﹨(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.鞏固練習(xí)：1.用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子鞏固練習(xí)1：用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子第22頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(3)Heisakindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heisakindperson

whoIhaveeverworkedwith.

whomthat

﹨Thisisthebestfilm

thatIhaveeverseen.

﹨第23頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho,that,whom,which,whoseIhaveafriend___________likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.Kateisreadingabook____________istoodifficultforher.第24頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglish

verywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)鞏固練習(xí)：

用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空鞏固練習(xí)2：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空第25頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)Thefamily_____________I’mstayingwithlivesintown.Iknowthestudent______articlewaspublished.Betty,_____hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.Myparentsliveinahouse____________ismorethan100yearsold.Theboywith_____Johnspokeismybrother.Luckilynoneofthepeople______Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(which/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略第26頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)根據(jù)從句中的動(dòng)詞搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.注意：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能拆，即介詞不提前我照顧的那個(gè)老人好多了。Theoldmanafter

whomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.介詞+whom/which如何判斷介詞for第27頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)根據(jù)從句中的形容詞搭配Hetoldmesomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontof

whichthereisateacher’sdesk.如何判斷介詞with根據(jù)先行詞與介詞搭配第28頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)介詞+關(guān)系代詞=關(guān)系副詞Mygrandpawasbornin1939________theWorldWarⅡbrokeout.KunMingisabeautifulplace_______flowersareseenalltheyearround.如何判斷介詞inwhichwheninwhichwhere第29頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)Thesong,________weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.Heisthehero________weareproud.Thisisthecollege________we’llvisitafamousactor.Theearth________weliveisabigroundball.inwhichofwhominwhichonwhichExercise第30頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10?Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?Doyouliketheteacher__________shelearnedalot?Doyouliketheteacher___________wearetalkinghasgoneabroad?Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhomaboutwhomofwhich介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用第31頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)

先行詞是theway，意為“方式，方法”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用that/inwhich或省略。

Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.

Theway_________________heteachesEnglishisinteresting.（that/inwhich）（that/inwhich）5.先行詞為theway，關(guān)系詞的使用第32頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)1.先行詞與such,thesame連用或先行詞本身就是thesame,such時(shí)，要用as。Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?2.代替整個(gè)句子，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，而從句位于句首時(shí)，要用as。Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.第33頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)Theearthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround.___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.asAsIt定語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)只能用as，as具有正如之意，動(dòng)詞一般較固定as的使用/which第34頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohave.Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohaveit.asthatas的使用第35頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)五.關(guān)系副詞when,where和why的用法五.關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時(shí)間的名詞/名詞詞組時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where表地點(diǎn)的名詞/名詞詞組地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why表原因的名詞原因狀語(yǔ)第36頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，when可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyear

when(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when第37頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)用關(guān)系副詞where時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，where可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Thisisthefarm

where(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschool

where(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where第38頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)用關(guān)系副詞why時(shí)，先行詞指原因，why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，why可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：Thereareseveralreasons

why(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why第39頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)4.關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1)當(dāng)先行詞為time，表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime

(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.(2)當(dāng)point,situation,case等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場(chǎng)合”等意思時(shí)，其后常由where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，where在句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethisphrasecanbeused?4.關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)第40頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空

1)October1,1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Ilive.

3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twanttoseeme?

whenonwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhich鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空第41頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)

4)Isthistheroom______(________)wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_____(____________)weused“foreignoil”.6)

Yesterday,wehadameeting______(________)wediscussedmanyproblems.

whereinwhichwhenduringwhichatwhichwhere第42頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)對(duì)比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.

Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)對(duì)比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空第43頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________

Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which)第44頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)

Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.第45頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.Thisisthereason__________hegave.when/inwhich(that/which)where/inwhich(which/that)why/forwhichthat/which及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞第46頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)六.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的定義非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)被修飾部分進(jìn)行附加說(shuō)明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。不用that引導(dǎo)Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.六.1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的定義第47頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)2.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然。試比較：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.2.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別第48頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)代詞，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，一般用關(guān)系代詞as或which引導(dǎo)。(4)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代詞，而在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中則可以。(3)限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不能。第49頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(5)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞前可以有被介詞短語(yǔ)所修飾的詞。如：(6)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。Hehastwodaughters,theelderofwhomismarried.Heisill,inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying.第50頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)3.關(guān)系代詞as,which引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)as和which都可指主句的整個(gè)意思，而不是主句中的某一個(gè)詞。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般置于主句之后。如：3.as/which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.第51頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(2)as多用于下列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的第52頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，一般有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)名詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)(2)代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.第53頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)(3)數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：LastSundayIboughtabookfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.(4)形容詞比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.第54頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)鞏固練習(xí)第55頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)1.①I(mǎi)stillrememberthedays_____Iworkedwiththefarmers.②Istillrememberthedays_____Ispentwiththefarmers.A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.what2.①Wewereontheway_____itbegantorain.②Idon’tliketheway_____youspeaktoyourparents.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which

CAABinwhich/○第56頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)3.①Theteacherdidn’tknowthereason____shewasabsentyesterday.②Theteachercouldn’tacceptthereason____sheexplainedyesterday.A.howB.whyC.thatD.who4.①I(mǎi)sthisschool_____youevervisited?②Isthistheschool_____youeverstudied?③Isthistheschoolin_____youeverstudied?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theoneBCDAB第57頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)5.①Thisis____hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.②Thisisall___hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how6.①____isreportedinthenewspapers,theyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.②____isreportedinthenewspaperthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.③___isreportedinthenewspaperisthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.WhatCABAD第58頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)7.①I(mǎi)twassuchaneasyquestion____theycouldanswer.②Itwassuchaneasyquestion____theycouldanswerit.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what8.①Thatisthehouse,_____windowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.②Thatisthehouse,_____thewindowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.③Thatisthehouse,but_____windowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.A.it’sB.itsC.whoseD.ofwhichBACDB第59頁(yè)/共66頁(yè)9.①Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,____wastrue.②Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,but_____isnottrue.A.heB.itC.whichD.who

10.①Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire,____died.②Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire,____dead.A.twoofwho B.twoofwhomC.twoofthem