Unit 1 Wish you were here Grammar and usage 語(yǔ)法講解學(xué)案-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

選擇性必修三Unit1Wishyouwerehere語(yǔ)法講解Teachingobjectives1.知識(shí)目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的基本含義2.技能目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠掌握非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的基本運(yùn)用3.情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠更有信心學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的基本含義2.掌握非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的基本含義Teachingprocedures：課前檢測(cè)1.______adj.開(kāi)花的，盛開(kāi)的，風(fēng)華正茂的，bloom的現(xiàn)在分詞2.______vt.&vi.展開(kāi)，打開(kāi)，展現(xiàn)，開(kāi)花(反義詞：fold折疊，裹)3.______n.領(lǐng)土，領(lǐng)地，版圖，領(lǐng)域，范圍，地區(qū)，區(qū)域4.______n.山谷，溪谷，流域5.______n.冰川6.______adj.城市的，城鎮(zhèn)的，城市里的，居住在城市的7.______n.少數(shù)，少數(shù)民族，少數(shù)群體，少數(shù)派，未成年8.______n.烹飪，烹飪術(shù)，烹調(diào)法，菜肴，飯菜，風(fēng)味9.______adj.精力充沛的，富有創(chuàng)新思想的，活躍的，動(dòng)力的10.______vt.品嘗，試嘗，體驗(yàn)，抽樣檢驗(yàn)n.樣品，貨樣，取樣，樣本11.______adj.凱爾特人的，凱爾特語(yǔ)的n.凱爾特語(yǔ)12.______n.深度，深，深刻，深厚，最深處，深?yuàn)W13.______n.郊區(qū)，城外，城郊14.______adj.植物學(xué)的，植物的15.______adj.克拉維斯的n.克拉維斯16.______n.毛毯，厚層，床毯，覆蓋物，覆蓋層vt.覆蓋，籠罩17.______n.曲棍球，冰球運(yùn)動(dòng)，冰球，冰上曲棍球18.______n.侄女，外甥女19.______n.福祉，安康，幸福，康樂(lè)，福利，福利事業(yè)20.______adj.圍繞的，環(huán)繞的，周圍的，附近的21.______n.和諧，協(xié)調(diào)，融洽，部分與整體之間或各部分之間的和諧有序22.______n.教堂，禮拜，敬拜23.______n.規(guī)則，法規(guī)，道德準(zhǔn)則，行為規(guī)范，密碼，電碼，代碼24.______n.雕像，塑像，雕塑25.______n.紀(jì)念品，紀(jì)念物26.______n.古董，古物，古玩adj.古董的，古玩的，古老的27.______n.花瓶，裝飾瓶28.______n.由風(fēng)吹積而成的沙丘29.______n.谷粒，谷物，糧食，谷類作物30.______n.戶外燒烤，烤架，烤爐，燒烤，

烤肉vt.烤31.______n.泥；爛泥；泥漿，淤泥32.______n.邊界，邊疆，國(guó)界，邊緣，界限vi.&vt.毗連，接壤，與接壤33.______n.停車，停車位，停車處adj.停車的34.______n.磚，磚塊，磚材，積木，磚塊狀物，可靠的人35.______vt.星星點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地布滿，點(diǎn)綴，打點(diǎn)n.點(diǎn)，小圓點(diǎn)，小數(shù)點(diǎn)36.______n.火腿，火腿肉37.______n.香腸，臘腸，香腸狀物38.______n.串，束，捆，大量39.______n.徒步旅行，遠(yuǎn)足，提高vi.&vt.徒步旅行，遠(yuǎn)足，去徒步旅行，提高40.______n.液體，液態(tài)物adj.液體的，液態(tài)的，流質(zhì)的41.______adj.北極的，北極區(qū)的，極冷的，寒冷的42.______n.狐，狐貍，狡猾的人43.______adj.極地的，完全相反的44.______n.羊羔，羔羊，羔羊肉，溫順的人45.freesample___________46.offthebeatentrack____________47.comeasnosurprise______________48.comedownto..._______________49.makeone’swayto..._____________________50.beatdown_______________51.consistin...__________________非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句就是不起限制性作用的定語(yǔ)從句。它和限制性作用的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分在書(shū)寫的形式上表現(xiàn)為：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和它修飾的名詞、代詞或句子用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如：Theboysreachedanislandseparatedfromtheoutsideworld,wheretheybelievedlotsoftreasurewashiddensomewhere.Weallknowclearlytheimmediatefuture,beyondwhich,however,itishardtotellwhatlies.Ourfriendshipwashatchedbackin1995,sincewhenwehavekeptintouchwitheachother.Moreandmorepeoplegojogginginthemorning,whosebenefitsforhealtharisefromtheairrichinoxygen.Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17%injustoneyear.Heisaddictedtocomputergames,whichareharmfultohisstudies.Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,whichmadehimlosehissight.Asisknowntoallofus,theGreatWallisapridetotheChinesepeople.MostpeopleinChinaplayping－pong,whichmakesitpopularinChina.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不起限制性作用，對(duì)它所修飾的名詞、代詞或句子進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句或兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句讓整個(gè)句子顯得簡(jiǎn)潔。如：Peter,whosecookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide,wasonceyoungChefoftheYear.=PeterwasonceyoungChefoftheYear.Hiscookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide.=PeterwasonceyoungChefoftheYear,andhiscookinginterestspeoplefromfarandwide.Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends,whenthecleanersstillhavemuchworktodo.=Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekendsandthecleanersstillhavemuchworktodothen.=Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends.Thecleanersstillhavemuchworktodothen.對(duì)比：Ican’taffordahousethat/whichhasabiggarden.(我買不起有大花園的房子。)Heboughtahouse,whichhasabiggarden.(我買了臺(tái)房子。這房子有個(gè)大花園。)由于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不起限制性作用，對(duì)它所修飾的名詞、代詞或句子進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明，所以在whom,which前有介詞或有some/many/allof等修飾表示整體的部分或所有時(shí)，就常用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofwhomareworkinginBeijing.MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofwhichisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.要注意這種非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)、并列句及語(yǔ)段的區(qū)分：LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofwhomareworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons,twoofthemworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons;twoofthemareworkinginBeijing.=LaoWanghasthreesons.TwoofthemareworkinginBeijing.MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofwhichisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels,oneofthembeingTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels;oneofthemisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.=MarkTwainwrotemanynovels.OneofthemisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.這種非限制性定語(yǔ)從句也可能出現(xiàn)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞化的關(guān)系副詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的實(shí)際運(yùn)用中還會(huì)出現(xiàn)像“inwhichcase,duringwhichtime,sincewhen,inwhose…”等具體語(yǔ)境的類似“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞化的關(guān)系副詞”的短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如：(1)Shehidherselfbehindthedoor,fromwhereshecouldseethegirlclearly.這里的where相當(dāng)于behindthedoor。如果把where換成which，就變成從門上看，意義上就錯(cuò)誤了。英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有雙介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的現(xiàn)象。(2)Newbambooshootsappearfromaroundtherootsoftheoldones,fromwheretheygrowhigherandhigher.(3)Hemaywinthematchtonight,inwhichcasehemaybeadmittedtothenationalteam.=Hemaywinthematchtonight.Inthatcasehemaybeadmittedtothenationalteam.(4)Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople,inwhosevillagehetaughtEnglishtenyearsago,haveledahappylife.(5)HestudiedinNantongUniversitybetween1994and1998,duringwhichtimehemademanyfriends.=HestudiedinNantongUniversitybetween1994and1998.Duringthetimehemademanyfriends.(6)IcametoNantongin1983,sincewhengreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.=IcametoNantongin1983.Sincethengreatchangeshavetakenplacehere.以上六句話是非限制定語(yǔ)從句中常出現(xiàn)的難句。在進(jìn)行了以上對(duì)比分析后，難句不難。英語(yǔ)中，不是所有的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句即使作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。Thegirl,wholovessports,isastudent.Heboughtanewbike,whichwasverynice.Thestudents,who/whomateachertreatsashisorherownchildren,alwayslearnquickly.在學(xué)習(xí)和使用非限制定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要注意which和as的區(qū)別。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后,也可放在主句中間，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid－termexamination.Pingchaoisabeautifultown,asweallknow.which和as一樣，也可以修飾整個(gè)句子，但有區(qū)別：當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)，常用which引導(dǎo)。Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.which引導(dǎo)的修飾整個(gè)句子的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在句尾，而as引導(dǎo)的修飾整個(gè)句子的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可放在句首、句尾或句中。LiPingisgoodatEnglish,asweallknow.Asisknowntoallofus,theGreatWallisapridetotheChinesepeople.MostpeopleinChinaplayping－pong,whichmakesitpopularinChina.which在引導(dǎo)的修飾整個(gè)句子的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中一般作行為動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)。Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,whichbenefitshisstudentsgreatly.在很多情況下，which引導(dǎo)的修飾整個(gè)句子的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用現(xiàn)在分詞來(lái)改寫，變化成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,whichbenefitshisstudentsgreatly.=Mr.LeeteachesEnglishinalivelyandinterestingway,benefitinghisstudentsgreatly.Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,whichmadehimlosehissight.=Hewasseriouslyillwhenhewasyoung,makinghimlosehissight.根據(jù)句境用正確詞填空，每空一詞。Xiangyang,(1)____liesintheheartofSunshineTown,isthebestplaceforaholiday.AndtheRuiyingHotel,(2)____istheonlyhotelinXiangyang,isthebestplacetostayat.Thestreet,(3)____thehotellies,isquietandclean.Mostpeoplegetuplateinthemorningonweekends,(4)____thecleanersstillhavemuchworktodo.Thecleanerskeepthestreetcleanandbeautiful.Ruiying,(5)____boughtthissmallhotelthreeyearsago,hasalreadywonalotofpraiseforexcellence.Theguests,(6)____Ruiyingtreatsasmembersofhe