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考綱詞匯檢測:1.abandon 2.abnormal3.aboard 4.abolish5.abortion 6.abrupt7.absolute 8.abstract9.absurd 10.abuse11.academic 12.academy13.accelerate 14.accessible15.Abundant16.absorbEverylittlehelpsamiracle.ReadingComprehension---InferenceQuestions閱讀理解專題--推理判斷題Feb.21,2014learningaim:Togetsomestrategiestomakeproperinferenceswhilereading.
五年高考全國卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計:20092010201120122013推理判斷題47566年份題量題型1.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle(甲蟲)
.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatch臨終看護
beetle."(1分鐘)
●Thesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.2.
Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto(依附)theundersidewilldie.(1.5分鐘)
Youcantellthatrocks________.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches一、如何推斷隱含意義技巧點撥1).全面分析2).忠實原文3).不要選擇表層信息1.(江西卷)Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysicalhealth.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse.(2分鐘)●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.2.Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄),anddeath.Frankly,I’msickofallthebadnews.
Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform二、如何推斷作者觀點和態(tài)度:技巧點撥注意作者表達感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子,推斷出作者的弦外之音。體現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度的詞匯?
根據(jù)用詞風格,推斷情感態(tài)度。一篇好的文章,其用詞風格常常直接流露或蘊含作者的內(nèi)心世界和情感態(tài)度。所以,閱讀時要善于捕捉表達或暗示情感態(tài)度的詞句或短語,捕捉那些烘托氣氛、渲染情感的詞句,進而很好地洞察作者的思想傾向,是支持、反對,抑或是中立?!镒⒁庾髡咴谖恼轮械拇朕o,比如作者在形容詞前用了too,excessively(過分地),rather則常帶有否定的口氣;★某些過渡詞(例如:however,but,onthecontrary,what’smore)后面所表達的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點和態(tài)度。1.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.(1.5分鐘)●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem2.AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman‘shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.(3分鐘)
●Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種:(1)toentertainreaders(娛樂讀者,讓人發(fā)笑)(2)topersuadereaders(說服讀者接受某種觀點)(3)toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息)常見于故事類的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常見于廣告類的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章.三、如何推斷寫作目的1.(全國卷)Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.(2分鐘)A.textbookB.newsreel(新聞片)C.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine2.Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured(受傷)eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt(安全帶)saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility(責任)tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing(倒退)yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery(發(fā)送)orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances(情形)applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.(3分鐘)
●Thistextistakenfrom_____.
A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement(廣告)D.agovernmentinformationbooklet(小冊子)Morethan30,000…arekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear.youcouldbefinedupto$50Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt…youmaybefined…apolicereport四、如何推斷文章出處解題技巧這類問題應從文章的內(nèi)容或結構來判斷其出處(1)報紙:前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱(2)廣告:因其格式特殊,語言簡練,容易辨認。(3)產(chǎn)品說明:器皿、設備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式,而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間、次數(shù)、藥量等。(4)網(wǎng)站:常出現(xiàn)click,online,web,website等字眼,有時還會提供網(wǎng)址。(5)旅游指南:介紹景點和人文特寫,以吸引游客。
Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteract相互影響withtheirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofaltering改變theirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbark剝樹皮fromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearings空曠地wereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingarea牧場forthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomestication馴化ofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible不能吃的.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophistication教養(yǎng),老練,復雜,精明wasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuit
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