計(jì)算機(jī)文化-課件npchapter

ComputersandDigitalBasics

Chapter1Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics2ChapterContentsSectionA:AllThingsDigital一切皆數(shù)碼（字）化SectionB:DigitalDevices數(shù)碼設(shè)備SectionC:DigitalDataRepresentation數(shù)碼數(shù)據(jù)表示SectionD:DigitalProcessing數(shù)字（碼）處理SectionE:PasswordSecurity密碼安全FastPollTrue/FalseQuestions

AnswerAforTrueandBforFalse010100TheWebisjustanothernamefortheInternet.A010200Acomputer’soperatingsystemisatypeofapplicationsoftware.B010300Microcontrollersarespecialpurposemicroprocessorsthatcanbeembedded（嵌入）indevicessuchasrefrigerators,cars,andwashingmachines.A010400Abitisabinarydigit,suchasa1or0.A33Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasicsFastPollTrue/FalseQuestions

AnswerAforTrueandBforFalse010500ASCII（美國信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代碼：AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange）,EBCDIC

(廣義二進(jìn)制編碼的十進(jìn)制交換碼：ExtendedBinaryCodedDecimalInterchangeCode）,andUnicodeareusedtorepresentcharacterdata.A010600Amegabyte（MB）is1024bits.B010700Microprocessorsareatypeofintegratedcircuit.A010800C,COBOL,andJavaareexamplesofprogramminglanguages.A44Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasicsFastPollTrue/FalseQuestions

AnswerAforTrueandBforFalse010900Acompilerconvertssourcecodetoobjectcode./編譯器將源代碼轉(zhuǎn)換成目標(biāo)代碼A011000Thelistofcodesforamicroprocessor’sinstructionsetiscalledmachinelanguage./微處理器的指令集的代碼列表被稱為機(jī)器語言A011100Amicroprocessorholdsdataintheinterpreterregister./微處理器中寄存器保存數(shù)據(jù)的翻譯.

B011200Adictionaryattackisavirusthathidesoutinthespellingcheckerforyourwordprocessingsoftware./字典攻擊是一種病毒，隱藏在字處理軟件的拼寫檢查器.

B收集好密碼可能包含的字符串，然后通過各種方式組合。即相當(dāng)于從字典中查密碼，逐一驗(yàn)證！55Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasicsChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics6AllThingsDigitalTheDigitalRevolutionConvergenceDigitalSocietyQuestion012100Computersandthedigitalrevolutionhavechangedourlivesinmanyfundamentalways.Ifyouwereonthefrontlinesofthedigitalrevolutionwhencomputerswerefirstdevelopedtobreakcodes（破解密碼）

andcalculatemissiletrajectories（計(jì)算導(dǎo)彈軌跡）,youweremostlikelylivinginwhattimeperiod?計(jì)算機(jī)和數(shù)字化革命已經(jīng)在許多基本方面改變了我們的生活。如果你在電腦最初被開發(fā)用破解密碼和計(jì)算導(dǎo)彈軌跡的數(shù)字革命的最前線，你是最有可能生活在什么時(shí)間段？A.WorldWarIB.Theroaringtwenties咆哮的20年代C.WorldWarIID.The1960sChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics7Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics8TheDigitalRevolutionThedigitalrevolutionisanongoingprocessofsocial,political,andeconomicchangebroughtaboutbydigitaltechnology,suchascomputersandtheInternet/數(shù)字革命是一個(gè)由諸如計(jì)算機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等數(shù)字化技術(shù)所帶來的社會(huì)，政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)的變化過程Revolvesaroundaconstellationoftechnologies,includingdigitalelectronics,computers,communicationsnetworks,theWeb,anddigitization/這樣的革命是圍繞一個(gè)技術(shù)的星座來展開的，包括了數(shù)碼電子學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)科學(xué)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和數(shù)字化等Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics9TheDigitalRevolutionDigitalelectronicsuseelectroniccircuitstorepresentdataToday,digitalelectronicdevicesincludecomputers,portablemediaplayerssuchasiPods,digitalcamerasandcamcorders（攝錄一體機(jī)）,cellphones,radiosandtelevisions,GPSs（全球定位系統(tǒng)：GlobalPositioningSystem）,DVD（數(shù)字多功能光盤：DigitalVersatileDisc）andCD(激光唱片，光盤pactDisk)players,e-bookreaders,digitalvoicerecorders,andhandheldgamingconsolesTheDigitalRevolutionChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics10Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics11TheDigitalRevolutionThesecondphaseofthedigitalrevolutionmaterializedwhentheInternetwasopenedtopublicuseE-mailBulletinboards(電子公告系統(tǒng)-論壇)Chatgroups（聊天組）BlogsOnlinesocial

networks（在線社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)）Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics12TheDigitalRevolutionAcomputernetworkisagroupofcomputerslinkedbywiredorwirelesstechnologytosharedataandresourcesTheWebisacollectionoflinkeddocuments,graphics,andsoundsthatcanbeaccessedovertheInternetCyberspaceisatermthatreferstoentitiesthatexistlargelywithincomputernetworks/網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是指一個(gè)主要是計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)的實(shí)體存在術(shù)語，Digitizationistheprocessofconvertingtext,numbers,sound,photos,andvideointodatathatcanbeprocessedbydigitaldevices/數(shù)字化是將文本數(shù)字，聲音，照片，視頻轉(zhuǎn)換成可被數(shù)字設(shè)備處理的數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)換過程Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics13Convergence（交匯）Technologicalconvergence

（技術(shù)交匯）isaprocessbywhichseveraltechnologieswithdistinctfunctionalities（獨(dú)立功能）evolvetoform（發(fā)展成）asingleproductConvergencetendstoofferenhancedfunctionality（增強(qiáng)功能）

andconvenience（方便性）Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics14DigitalSociety（數(shù)字化社會(huì)）Digitaltechnologiesandcommunicationsnetworksmakeiteasytocrossculturalandgeographicboundaries（文化與地理邊界）Anonymous（匿名）Internetsites,suchasFreenet,andanonymizertools（匿名化工具）thatcloak（隱秘）aperson’sidentity,evenmakeitpossibletoexercisefreedomofspeechinsituationswherereprisals（報(bào)復(fù)）

mightrepress（遏制）itCitizensoffreesocietieshaveanexpectationofprivacy/自由社會(huì)的公民有一個(gè)期望的隱私Intellectualpropertyreferstotheownershipofcertaintypesofinformation,ideas,orrepresentations/知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)是指某些類型的信息、創(chuàng)意或表達(dá)形式的所有權(quán)Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics15DigitalSocietyDigitaltechnologyisanimportantfactoringlobalandnationaleconomies,inadditiontoaffectingtheeconomicstatusofindividuals/數(shù)字技術(shù)在全球和國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)重要因素，除了影響個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況Globalizationcanbedefinedastheworldwideeconomicinterdependenceofcountriesthatoccursascross-bordercommerceincreasesandasmoneyflowsmorefreelyamongcountries/全球化可以被定義為全球各國經(jīng)濟(jì)的相互依存，而這樣的依存是由于發(fā)生跨境（電子）商務(wù)的增加，資金流動(dòng)更加自由所引起的Individualsareaffectedbythedigitaldivide,atermthatreferstothegapbetweenpeoplewhohaveaccesstotechnologyandthosewhodonot/個(gè)人受數(shù)字鴻溝的影響，數(shù)字鴻溝是指存在在那些已經(jīng)獲得數(shù)字技術(shù)的和那些還不曾獲得數(shù)字技術(shù)的人們之間的差距Digitaltechnologypermeatestheverycoreofmodernlife/數(shù)字技術(shù)滲透到現(xiàn)代生活??的核心Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics16DigitalDevicesComputerBasicsPersonalComputers,Servers,Mainframes,andputers/個(gè)人電腦，服務(wù)器，大型機(jī)和超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)PDAs(個(gè)人數(shù)字助理PersonalDigitalAssistant),Smartphones,andPortableMediaPlayers/個(gè)人數(shù)字助理（掌上電腦)，智能手機(jī)和便攜式媒體播放器Microcontrollers/\微控制器Question012200Today,consumerscanchoosefromawidevarietyofdigitaldevices,includingpersonalcomputers,workstations,videogameconsoles,smartphones,iPods,andPDAs.Knowingthestrengths(長處)ofthesedeviceshelpsyoumaketherightchoice.Whatisthefundamentaldifferencebetweenvideogameconsoles,personalcomputers,andsmartphones?A.Videogameconsolesandsmartphonesarenotbeclassifiedascomputersbecausetheydon’thavestoredprogramcapabilitieslikerealcomputers.NB.Videogameconsolesandsmartphonesfillspecializedniches(壁龕)andarenotreplacementsforpersonalcomputers.YC.PersonalcomputersandsmartphonescanbeusedtoaccesstheInternet,whereasvideogameconsolescannot.YD.Personalcomputersandsmartphoneshavebettergraphicsthanvideogameconsoles.N1717Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasicsChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics18ComputerBasicsAcomputerisamultipurposedevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput,allaccordingtoaseriesofstoredinstructions(存貯的指令）Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics19ComputerBasicsComputerinputiswhateveristyped,submitted,ortransmittedtoacomputersystem/計(jì)算機(jī)出入就是鍵入、提交或傳輸?shù)诫娔X系統(tǒng)的任何東西OutputistheresultproducedbyacomputerDatareferstothesymbolsthatrepresentfacts,objects,andideas/數(shù)據(jù)指的是事實(shí)，對(duì)象和思想的符號(hào)表示Computersmanipulate(操縱)datainmanyways,andthismanipulationiscalledprocessing（處理）CentralProcessingUnit(CPU)MicroprocessorChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics20ComputerBasicsMemory（內(nèi)存）isanareaofacomputerthattemporarilyholdsdatawaitingtobeprocessed,stored,oroutputStorage（外存）istheareawheredatacanbeleftonapermanent（永久的）basiswhenitisnotimmediatelyneededforprocessingAfileisanamedcollectionofdatathatexistsonastoragemedium（介質(zhì)）Theseriesofinstructions（指令序列）thattellsacomputerhowtocarryoutprocessingtasksisreferredtoasacomputerprogramSoftwareChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics21ComputerBasicsAstoredprogram（存儲(chǔ)程序）meansthataseriesofinstructionsforacomputingtaskcanbeloadedintoacomputer’smemory/存儲(chǔ)程序裝置是指為一個(gè)計(jì)算任務(wù)而設(shè)計(jì)的可以被加載到計(jì)算機(jī)的內(nèi)存中一系列指令A(yù)llowsyoutoswitchbetweentasks/允許你在任務(wù)之間切換Distinguishesacomputerfromothersimplerandlessversatiledevices/這是計(jì)算機(jī)與其他簡單和通用性差的設(shè)備的主要區(qū)別之處Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics22ComputerBasicsApplicationsoftwareisasetofcomputerprogramsthathelpsapersoncarryoutatask/應(yīng)用軟件是一套可以幫助一個(gè)人完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)計(jì)算機(jī)程序Theprimarypurposeofsystemsoftwareistohelpthecomputersystemmonitoritselfinordertofunctionefficiently/系統(tǒng)軟件的主要目的是為了使計(jì)算機(jī)有效地發(fā)揮作用而設(shè)計(jì)的一套對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)自身進(jìn)行監(jiān)控軟件系統(tǒng)Operatingsystem(OS)/操作系統(tǒng)Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics23PersonalComputers,Servers,Mainframes,andputersApersonalcomputerisamicroprocessor-basedcomputingdevicedesignedtomeetthecomputingneedsofanindividual/一臺(tái)個(gè)人電腦是一個(gè)基于微處理器的旨在滿足個(gè)人的計(jì)算需求計(jì)算設(shè)備Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics24PersonalComputers,Servers,Mainframes,andputersThetermworkstationhastwomeanings:Anordinarypersonalcomputerthatisconnectedtoanetwork/一臺(tái)連到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的普通個(gè)人電腦Apowerfuldesktopcomputerusedforhigh-performancetasks/一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的用于高性能計(jì)算任務(wù)的臺(tái)式電腦Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics25PersonalComputers,Servers,Mainframes,andputersAvideogameconsole,suchasNintendo’s（任天堂）Wii,Sony’sPlayStation,orMicrosoft’sXbox,arenotgenerallyreferredtoaspersonalcomputersbecauseoftheirhistoryas

dedicatedgamedevices（專用的游戲設(shè)備）Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics26PersonalComputers,Servers,Mainframes,andputersThepurposeofaserveristoservecomputersonanetwork(suchastheInternetorahomenetwork)bysupplyingthemwithdataAmainframecomputer(orsimplyamainframe)isalargeandexpensivecomputercapableofsimultaneouslyprocessingdataforhundredsorthousandsofusers/一臺(tái)大型機(jī)是一個(gè)龐大而昂貴的計(jì)算機(jī)，能夠同時(shí)處理數(shù)百或數(shù)千用戶數(shù)據(jù)Acomputerfallsintotheputercategoryifitis,atthetimeofconstruction,oneofthefastestcomputersintheworld/所謂超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)類是指在建造時(shí)它在世界上的最快的計(jì)算機(jī)之一Acompute-intensiveproblemisonethatrequiresmassiveamountsofdatatobeprocessedusingcomplexmathematicalcalculations/一項(xiàng)計(jì)算密集型問題是一個(gè)需要使用復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算模型來處理大量的數(shù)據(jù)Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics27PersonalComputers,Servers,Mainframes,andputersChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics28PDAs,Smartphones,andPortableMediaPlayersAPDA(personaldigitalassistant)isapocket-sizeddigitalappointmentbook（名片錄、約會(huì)登記表）withasmallqwertykeyboardoratouch-sensitivescreen,designedtorunonbatteriesandbeusedwhileholdingitAhandheldcomputerisessentiallyaPDAenhancedwithfeaturessuchasremovablestorage,e-mail,Webaccess,voicecommunications,built-incamera,andGPS/掌上電腦本質(zhì)上是一個(gè)增強(qiáng)的PDA，帶有移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)，電子郵件，Web訪問，語音通信，內(nèi)置攝像頭和GPS功能PDAs,Smartphones,andPortableMediaPlayersAsmartphone,whichinadditiontovoicecommunication,includesfeaturessuchasfullqwertykeypad,textmessaging,e-mail,Webaccess,removablestorage,camera,FMradio,digitalmusicplayer,andsoftwareoptionsforgames,financialmanagement,personalorganizer,GPS,andmaps/智能手機(jī)，它除了可以進(jìn)行語音通信，還包括了QWERTY全鍵盤、短信、電子郵件、Web訪問、移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)、攝像頭、FM收音機(jī)、數(shù)碼音樂播放器和游戲軟件、財(cái)務(wù)管理等功能，個(gè)人通訊錄、GPS和地圖等iPodsandsimilardevicesareclassifiedasportablemediaplayersbecausetheirmainstrengthisplayingmusic,showingvideos,andstoringphotos/iPod和類似設(shè)備被列為便攜式媒體播放器,因?yàn)樗麄兊闹饕糜诓シ乓魳?、視頻、照片存儲(chǔ)____________________________Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics2929Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics30PDAs,Smartphones,andPortableMediaPlayersChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics31MicrocontrollersAmicrocontrollerisaspecial-purposemicroprocessorthatisbuiltintothemachineitcontrols/微控制器是一種特殊用途的微處理器，被內(nèi)置入它所控制的機(jī)器Microcontrollerscanbeembeddedinallsortsofeverydaydevices/微控制器可以被嵌入到各種日常設(shè)備中Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics32DigitalDataRepresentationDataRepresentationBasicsRepresentingNumbers,Text,andPicturesQuantifyingBitsandBytes/確定位和字節(jié)的量CircuitsandChips

/電路和芯片Question012300Whenyoushopfordigitaldevices,theircapabilitiesareoftentouted（兜售）intermsofspeedandcapacity.Supposeyou’reshoppingforaUSBFlashdrive.Afriendmendsonethat’s64GB.Whatdoesthatmean?A.Itoperatesat64gigabitspersecond.B.Itholds64billionbytesofdata./64,000,000,000bytes=64,000,000KBs=64,000MBs=64GBsC.Itholds64million0sand1storepresentdata.D.Ituses64-bitASCIIcodetoholddata.3333Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasicsChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics34DataRepresentationDatarepresentationreferstotheforminwhichdataisstored,processed,andtransmitted/數(shù)據(jù)表示是指在其中的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)，處理，傳輸形式Digitaldevicesworkwithdistinctandseparatedata

/數(shù)字設(shè)備以離散的數(shù)據(jù)形式工作Analogdevicesworkwithcontinuousdata

/模擬設(shè)備以連續(xù)的數(shù)據(jù)形式工作Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics35RepresentingNumbers,Text,

andPicturesNumericdata/數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)BinarynumbersystemCharacterdata/字符數(shù)據(jù)ASCII,ExtendedASCII,EBCDIC,andUnicodeDigitizingistheprocessofconvertinganalogdataintodigitalformat/數(shù)字化是將模擬數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字格式的過程Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics36DataRepresentation十進(jìn)制484921Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics37QuantifyingBitsandBytes/位和字節(jié)的量Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics38CircuitsandChipsAnintegratedcircuit(computerchip)isasuper-thinslice/超薄薄片

ofsemiconductingmaterialpackedwithmicroscopiccircuitelements/顯微鏡可見的電路元器件DIP（Dualln-linePackage，雙列直插式封裝）,此封裝形式在當(dāng)時(shí)具有適合PCB（印刷電路板）穿孔安裝，布線和操作較為方便等特點(diǎn)PGA（Pin-GridArray，引腳網(wǎng)格陣列）一種芯片封裝形式，多用于CPU等的封裝，缺點(diǎn)是耗電量大Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics39CircuitsandChipsTheelectroniccomponentsofmostdigitaldevicesaremountedonacircuitboardcalledasystemboard/大多數(shù)的數(shù)字設(shè)備的電子部件安裝在一個(gè)稱為系統(tǒng)板的電路板上Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics40DigitalProcessingProgramsandInstructionSets/程序和指令集ProcessorLogic/處理器邏輯Question012400Programmerswritecomputerprogramsforwordprocessing,displayingphotos,playingmusic,andshowingmovies.Whatprogrammerswrite,however,isnotwhatacomputeractuallyprocesses.Whyisthisthecase?A.Becauseprogrammersusuallywriteprogramsusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguages(高級(jí)編程語言)thathavetobeconvertedintomachinelanguage(機(jī)器語言)thatcomputerscanworkwith.B.Becauseprogramsarebasicallyoutlinesthatprogrammershavetofilloutusingopcodes.C.Becausehigh-levellanguagesaretoodetailedforcomputerstoprocess,soprogramswrittenintheselanguageshavetobesimplified.D.Becausecomputerprogrammersmaketoomanyerrorsforprogramstorunsuccessfully.4141Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasicsChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics42ProgramsandInstructionSetsComputers,portablemediaplayers,PDAs,andsmartphonesallworkwithdigitaldataComputerprogrammerscreateprogramsthatcontroldigitaldevices.Theseprogramsareusuallywritteninahigh-levelprogramminglanguage/計(jì)算機(jī)程序員創(chuàng)建的程序，控制數(shù)字設(shè)備。這些程序通常用高級(jí)語言編寫Thehuman-readableversionofaprogramcreatedinahigh-levellanguagebyaprogrammeriscalledsourcecode一個(gè)/由程序員用高級(jí)語言創(chuàng)建的人類可讀的程序被稱為源代碼Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics43ProgramsandInstructionSets編譯器-編譯源代碼成機(jī)器代碼，可執(zhí)行代碼，然后執(zhí)行解釋器-解釋執(zhí)行指令，一句一句邊解釋邊執(zhí)行Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics44ProgramsandInstructionSetsAmicroprocessorishard-wiredtoperformisalimitedsetofactivities/微處理器通過用硬件連接的方式來執(zhí)行一套有限的動(dòng)作Alimitedcollectionofpreprogrammedactivitiesiscalledaninstructionset/一預(yù)先編程好的有限動(dòng)作的集合稱為指令集Eachinstructionhasacorrespondingsequenceof0sand1s/每條指令都有相應(yīng)的0和1的序列Theendproductiscalledmachinecode/最終產(chǎn)品稱為機(jī)器代碼1sand0sChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics45ProgramsandInstructionSetsAnopcode(操作符

shortforoperationcode)isacommandwordforanoperationsuchasadd,compare,orjump（操作碼是一個(gè)操作命令字）Theoperand（操作數(shù)）foraninstructionspecifiesthedata,ortheaddressofthedata,fortheoperation/一個(gè)指令中的操作數(shù)是指一個(gè)操作中的用于操作的數(shù)據(jù)或數(shù)據(jù)的地址Inthefollowinginstruction,theopcodemeansaddandtheoperandis1,sotheinstructionmeansAdd1(20131022講)ProgramsandInstructionSetsChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics46Sum=12+22+…Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics47ProcessorLogicTheALU(ArithmeticLogicUnit)isthepartofthemicroprocessorthatperformsarithmeticoperations/ALU（算術(shù)邏輯單元）是微處理器中執(zhí)行算術(shù)操作的部分TheALUusesregisterstoholddatathatisbeingprocessed/ALU使用寄存器來保持將被處理的數(shù)據(jù)Themicroprocessor’scontrolunitfetcheseachinstruction,justasyougeteachingredientoutofacupboardortherefrigerator/微處理器控制單元讀取每一條指令，就像你從櫥柜或冰箱得到各每一種餐料成分一樣Theterminstructioncyclereferstotheprocessinwhichacomputerexecutesasingleinstruction/術(shù)語指令周期是指在一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)執(zhí)行一條單一的指令的過程Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics48ProcessorLogicChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics49ProcessorLogicChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics50PasswordSecurityAuthenticationProtocols/認(rèn)證協(xié)議PasswordHacks/密碼破解SecurePasswords/安全密碼Question012500Securityexpertsstressthattheuseof“strong”passwordscanpreventidentitytheftandhelptokeepyourcomputerfilessecure.Whichofthefollowingpasswordsislikelytobethemostsecure?A.12345becauseitisallnumbers.B.Hippocampus,becauseitisalongandunusualword.C.Il2baomw,becauseitcombinesnumberswithanonsenseword.D.Football88,becauseitcombinesawordandnumbers.5151Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasicsChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics52AuthenticationProtocolsSecurityexpertsusethetermauthenticationprotocoltorefertoanymethodthatconfirmsaperson’sidentityusingsomethingthepersonknows,somethingthepersonpossesses,orsomethingthepersonis/安全專家使用術(shù)語認(rèn)證協(xié)議來指利用人所知道、所擁有、或是什么的人用來確定一個(gè)人的身份的任何方法Apersoncanalsobeidentifiedbybiometrics,suchasafingerprint,facialfeatures(photo),orretinalpattern/一個(gè)人也可以以他的生物特性被識(shí)別，比如指紋、人臉特征（照片）、或視網(wǎng)膜圖案AuserIDisaseriesofcharacters—lettersandpossiblynumbersorspecialsymbols—thatesaperson’suniqueidentifier/一個(gè)用戶ID是一系列字母的字符和數(shù)字或特殊符號(hào)組合，以此來形成一個(gè)人的唯一標(biāo)識(shí)符ApasswordisaseriesofcharactersthatverifiesauserIDandguaranteesthatyouarethepersonyouclaimtobe/密碼是一系列字符，他驗(yàn)證用戶ID以保證你是你說的那個(gè)人Chapter1:ComputersandDigitalBasics53AuthenticationProtocolsChapter1:ComputersandDigitalBa