2009年12月英語四級(jí)考試真題及答案

2009年12月大四級(jí)考試及答PartⅠWriting(301Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:CreatingaGreenPartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedGoodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.Butwith estudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility(資格)havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“Theyretryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionaystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus(異口同聲)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolsdropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,oftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatinngso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheir“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption(豁免)fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhas esopopularwith efamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaid“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’sviceforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐贈(zèng)),meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemfor efamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmerit“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthe epeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedMerit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtobe mendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationAthleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents. mendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(選輯)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceora themdancing.Withmoreandmore estudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidC)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionWhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsIttriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidItadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidItphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsItcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedyThechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirC)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsitgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicit’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsit’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordtheInrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddue ernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamongC)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools’improvedfinancialWhatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidTheywouldliketoseeitTheyregarditasanecessaryTheythinkitdoesmoreharmthanTheyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classWhydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidRaisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classWith es,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedManystudents efamilieshavecometorelyon eshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedAnnualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipients Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneeda mendationfromacoachorarefereewho theirexceptionalathleticperformance.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir aparticularartisticfieldPartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Getsomesmallchange.B)FindashopC)Cashacheckatabank.D)FindaparkingA)Shopwithhisson.B)BuyingagiftforaC)Promotinganewproduct.D)BargainingwithaA)Takingphotographs.B)EnhancingC)Mendingcameras.D)PaintingA)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasHecanprovidelittleusefulHewillshowthewomanaroundHewillasksomeoneelsetohelptheA)Heisratherdisappointed.B)HeishighlyC)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituationD)HeknowshisownA)Shemusthavepaida B)SheisknowntohaveaterrificHergymexercisehasyieldedgoodHerefforttokeepfitisreallyA)FemalestudentsareunfitforstudyingHecanserveasthewoman’sPhysicsisanimportantcourseatTheprofessor’ssuggestionisA)Indifferent.B)Doubtful.C)Pleased.D)Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.B)HehassignedupforadayC)Hehastoworkduringtheday.D)HefindstheeveningcourseA)Learnacomputerlanguage.B)LearndataC)Buysomecomputersoftware.D)BuyafewA)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.B)FromSeptember1toNewYear’sC)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursinA)Whattobringforregistration.B)WheretoattendtheC)HowhecangettoFrostHall.D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Atrainingcoach.B)AtradingC)Aprofessionalmanager.D)AfinancialA)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.B)HeconsiderscookingC)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.D)Hethinkstake-awayis A)Itissomething B)ItisfrustratingC)Ittakespatienceto D)ItcanbeagoodSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.B)TherewasnoairorwateronC)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.D)ThemysteryoflifecouldnotbeA)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.B)IthasanatmosphereliketheC)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.D)Ithasdeepcaves A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.B)LifecanforminveryhotC)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.D)OxygenisnotneededforsomelifePassageQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)WhethertheyshouldtakethechildWhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlyWhoshouldtakecareofthechildatWhenthechildwouldcompleyA)SheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswheninShemakesthemwritedownallherShehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoatSheasksthemtorepeatwhattheyaresupposedtoA)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.B)ItcontainsmanygrammaticalC)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.D)ItfacilitatesPassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Jobsecurity.B)GoodlabourC)Challengingwork.D)AttractivewagesandA)ManytediousjobscontinuetobedoneMoreandmoreunskilledworkerswillloseComputerswillchangethenatureofmanyBoringjobswillgraduallybemadeA)OfferthemchancesofImprovetheirworkingEncouragethemtocompetewitheachGivethemresponsibilitiesaspartofaA)TheywillnotbringrealbenefitstotheTheyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleTheyarearbitrarilysetbytheTheyarebeyondthecontrolofordinarySectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.2Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe intothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andFactualwritingprovides(37) informationonanauthor,composer,orartistoronatypeofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor coverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39) course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40) foryourstudyofthehumanities.Asitsname(41) ,descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovidesan(42) apieceofmusic,art,orliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapaintingorthe(43) acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesorsoundsinthereader’smindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44) Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45) .Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46) PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingInfamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablish e,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researcherstapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutterance(話語)oftheparents,thenumberofdifferentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesproportionofquestionsFinally,theresearchers51thechildren’sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother’slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersare53whythefather’sspeech,andnotthemother’s,hadan“It’swell54thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren’sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn’tmeasureinthestudy.”1already yzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributingF)G)establishedH)qualityI)quotedJ)recordingK)recruitedL)M)unconsciousN)unsureO)SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingThroughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedontheialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMiceObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.Andthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseand alwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMiceObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Micewillrepresentusall.Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMicebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Micewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉著),confidenceandinligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.WhydoesMiceObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheSheservesasarolemodelforAfricanShepossessesmanyadmirable ingaFirstShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-AmericanShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-AmericanWhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-AmericanwomenaccordingtotheTheyarevictims .B)Theyareofan C)Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.D)TheyliveoncharityandsocialWhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanswriteaboutintheirWhether ecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherHow eshouldbehaveasapublicHowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteWhat eshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteWhatdoestheauthorsayabout eObamaasaFirstHowevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainSheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-AmericanHoweverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sWhatdomanyAfrican-Americanwomenhope eObamawillHelpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackHelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingOutshinepreviousFirstFullydisplayherfinePassageQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingWhennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教務(wù)長)ofYale,who’ll eOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversityinHamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhas eabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-level neltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanew,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestateernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardultimaypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活動(dòng)家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitys:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependenton ernmentfunding. ernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclineinernmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommitteeshungryforInthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”O(jiān)fcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshonestablishedpractices.WhatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedintheInstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheAlotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasAmericanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalUniversitysarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-levelThepoliticalcorrectness.B)TheirabilitytoraiseC)Theirfameinacademiccircles.D)TheiradministrativeWhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromtheThetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingTheiroperationisunder ernmentTheyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyMostoftheirrevenuescomefrom CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchiefly shewasknowntobegoodatraisingshecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithsheknewhowtoattractstudentsshehadboostedYale’sacademicInwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversityTheycanenhancetheuniversity’sTheywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalTheywillviewalotofthingsfromanewTheycansetupnewacademicPartⅤCloze(15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordingtoanewstudyonpopulationpublishedrecently.Thecurrentpeopleapproachwhich67onyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnot68tomeetthechallengesofdemographic人口結(jié)構(gòu)的changeitsaysOnly1%oftheeducationbudgetis69spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.The70includethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesin71,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleare72statepension“73needstocontinuethroughoutlife.Ourhistoricconcentrationofpolicyattentionandresources74youngpeoplecannotmeetthenew75,”saysthereport’sauthor,ProfessorStephenThemajor76ofoureducationbudgetisspentonpeoplebelowtheageof25.77peoplearechangingtheirjobs,78,partnersandlifestylesmoreoftenthan79,theyneedopportunitiestolearnateveryage80,somepeoplearestartingnewcareersintheir50sandlater.Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereviewto81tothelaterstageofemployedlife,andtoplanforthetransition(過渡)82retirement,whichmaynowhappen83atanypointfrom50toover90,saysMcNair.Andthereshouldbemoremoney84tosupportpeopleinestablishinga85ofidentityandfindingconstructive86forthe“thirdage”,the20ormoreyearstheywillspendinhealthyretired67.A)operatesB)focusesC)countsD)68.A)superiorB)regularC)essentialD)69.A)currentlyB)barelyC)anxiouslyD)70.A)regulationsB)obstaclesC)challengesD)71.A)enjoymentB)retirementC)stabilityD)72.A)overB)afterC)acrossD)73.A)IndentifyingB)LearningC)InstructingD)74.A)atB)byC)inD)75.A)desiresB)reaC)needsD)76.A)measureB)ratioC)areaD)77.A)WhenB)UntilC)WhetherD)78.A)neighborsB)moodsC)homesD)79.A)ageB)everC)previouslyD)80.A)ForexampleB)BycontrastC)InparticularD)On81.A)transformB)yieldC)adjustD)82.A)withinB)fromC)beyondD)83.A)unfairlyB)unpredictablyC)instantlyD)84.A)reliableB)considerableC)availableD)85.A)senseB)conscienceC)projectD)A)ranksB)assetsC)idealsD)PartVITranslation(5Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever (放棄對(duì)知識(shí)的追求Scientistsagreethatitwillbealongtime (我們找到治愈的方法Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablyto Themoreexerciseyou (你越不大可能得感冒2009年12月大四級(jí)考試答案詳PartⅠ本次四級(jí)作文為“綠色校園，這是一個(gè)看似簡單普通的話題，寫起來卻不是那么一感到難以把握，考生可以從作文提綱入手進(jìn)行分析以獲取對(duì)“綠色校園”這一概念的2，可以看出此處的“綠色校園”指的決不僅僅是青青的草地和高解概念的基礎(chǔ)上，考生還應(yīng)對(duì)“綠色校園”的重要性進(jìn)行剖析，這時(shí)，考生可以從多個(gè)角而不是寫得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三個(gè)自，大概十句話，基本的分布為首段、末CreatingaGreenRecently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”has eamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusplaysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefiniyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.更為重要的是，年輕一代著嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染，有太多問題們?nèi)ソ鉀Q?！旧鷦?dòng)的用詞】maintain保持;concept概念;profound長遠(yuǎn)的;sustainable可持續(xù)的;recyclable可循環(huán)的?！矩S富的短語】bringbenefitto帶來利益;playacrucialrolein發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用;undertheburdenof在……重負(fù)下;cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn);callfor要求。剛剛閉幕的世界氣候大會(huì)使環(huán)保減排這個(gè)成為焦點(diǎn)在全世界都提倡可持續(xù)發(fā)必須考慮的。另外開篇時(shí)，切忌拖泥帶水，應(yīng)直截了當(dāng)，使閱卷老師對(duì)文章一目了然。正確拼寫詞性及詞義錯(cuò)誤的拼寫focusn.焦點(diǎn)effectn.effectionenvironmentn.envirment/invironmentburdenn.負(fù)擔(dān)burdonsolvev